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1、Unit18GrammarTheUseof“It”用作人称代词用作人称代词Icannotfindmywatch；Imusthavelostit.“Whereisthecat?“Itisunderthebed.”Theygotababyanditverylovely.HesmokesalotinbedandIdontlikeit.“Whoisit？”“Itsme.”Someonemusthavebeenhere.Butwehavenoideawhoitwas.1.1.用于指事。用于指事。ItIt用作人称代词最基本的用法就用作人称代词最基本的用法就是代替前面已提到过的事物，以避免重复。是代替前面已
2、提到过的事物，以避免重复。2.2.用于指动物或婴儿。主要用于指动物用于指动物或婴儿。主要用于指动物或性别不详的婴儿。或性别不详的婴儿。3.3.用于上文提到的情况。用于上文提到的情况。4.4.用于指人。用于指人。it it 用于指人主要用于用于指人主要用于确定未知人的身份确定未知人的身份. .注注 意意当it指人时主要用于确定未知的或身份不明的人，若指已知的或身份明确的人，则根据情况使用he或she Ihearaknockatthedoor.Itmustbethepostmen.Jimisatthedoor.Hewantstoseeyou.It用以指特定的前面提到过的事物，即：it和它替换的是同
3、一个事物，it前无修饰语；而one用于替换与前提事物有共同之处但并不完全一样的事物，而且，one之前或之后常有修饰语来加以区别 .IboughtadictionarythreeyearsagoandIamstillusing_now.IboughtadictionarythreeyearsagobutIamgoingtobuyanew_soon. itone对对比比练练习习1.The vase on the left is more beautiful than _2.ontheright.Ilove_verymuch.2.ThecoffeeproducedinBrazilismorefamo
4、usthan_inMexico.theone/thatthat3.Hisyoungersisteristallerthantheelder_.4.Ineedtheplasticbags,notthepaper_.oneones5.Ilikethevasebetterthan_inanothershop.6.Thewindowsofyourflatarecleanerthan_ofmine.7. The style of the buildingis similarto _of atempletheone/thatthosethat8.ACDplayermadeinJapancostsmoret
5、han_madeinChina.oneit用作非人称代词用作非人称代词1.Itsthreeyearssincehelefthere.2.Howfarisitfromheretothestation?3.Itwasveryquietinthegarden.4.Itsverycoldtoday.Its37today.5. IfitsconvenientIcancome. Icannothelpit.没办法了。没办法了。.“Howsitgoing？”“well，notsogood.”用于指时间用于指时间用于指距离用于指距离用于指环境用于指环境用于指天气等自然现象用于指天气等自然现象用于笼统地谈论某情
6、况用于笼统地谈论某情况takeiteasy;makeit;footit;stopit;catchit;havehaditv基本用法。当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，基本用法。当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语主语it，而把，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾：真正的主语放在句子末尾：Isitnecessarytodoso？Idontthinkitisanygoodarguingwithhim.(3)Itdoesntmatterwhatshesays.v几种特殊的形式主语几种特殊的形式主语1.用作动词用作动词look、seem
7、、appear、happen、occur、follow等的主语（后接等的主语（后接that从句或从句或asif从句）从句）：Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.It（so）happenedthatIhadnomoneywithme.用作形式主语用作形式主语用作形式主语用作形式主语2.Itisclear(obvious，true，possible，certain.)that.该句型中该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，引导的主语从句，常译为常译为“清楚（显然，真的，肯定）清楚（显然，真的，肯定）”是主语从句最是主语从句最常见的一种
8、结构。常见的一种结构。Itisveryclearthathesroundandtalllikeatree.=Thathesroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.3.Itisimportant(necessary，right，strange，natural.)that.该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that后的从句中要用后的从句中要用虚拟语气（虚拟语气（虚拟语气（虚拟语气（should+should+动词原形）动词原形）动词原形）动词原形）Itisimportantthatwe(should)l
9、earnEnglishwell.Itisnecessarythathe(should)rememberthesewords.Itisstrangethatheshouldspeaktohismotherinsucharudeway.用作形式主语用作形式主语4.Itissaid(reported,hoped,learned,believed.)that.该句型中的该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；引导的主语从句；该结构常译为该结构常译为“据说（据报道，希望，据悉）据说（据报道，希望，据悉）”。Itissaidthathehasgoneabroa
10、d.Itisreportedthatonemanwaskilledinthedesertadventure.5.Itissuggested/advised(ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded/proposed.)that.该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），动词原形），should可以省；常译为可以省；常译为“据建议；有命令据建议；有命令）Itissuggestedtha
11、tthemeeting(should)beputoff.Itwasorderedthatwe(should)arrivethereintwohours. 用作形式主语用作形式主语6.Itisapity(ashame.)that.该句型中，该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），动词原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为可省去表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然竟然”。没有这种意。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。义时，则不用虚拟语气。Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.Itisapit
12、ythatheisill.他生病了，真遗憾他生病了，真遗憾.7.Itistime(hightime)that.该句型中该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是常用常用过去时态表示虚拟过去时态表示虚拟有时也用有时也用should+动词原形，动词原形，should不能省，常译为不能省，常译为“是（正是）的时侯是（正是）的时侯”Itistimethatchildrenshouldgotobed.=Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.用作形式主语用作形式主语8.Itisthefirst(second.)timethat.该句型要和
13、上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的that从句不从句不用虚拟语气，而用用虚拟语气，而用完成时态完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时一般现在时，后面从句用，后面从句用现现在完成时态在完成时态；如果是；如果是一般过去时一般过去时，后面从句则用，后面从句则用过去完成时过去完成时态态，该结构中，该结构中that可以省去；可以省去；it有时用有时用this/that替换常替换常译为译为“是第一（二）是第一（二）次次”。ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere
14、.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.Thatwasthethirdtimethatyouhadmadethesamemistake.用作形式宾语用作形式宾语v基本用法：基本用法：当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾补时跟有宾补时,就应在宾补前使用形式宾语就应在宾补前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移而将真正的宾语移到句末到句末,即即“动词动词it宾语补足语真正宾语宾语补足语真正宾语”这样的结这样的结构，构，:Wefounditdifficulttopersuadeher.Ourschoolmakeitarulethata
15、llthestudentsweartheschooluniformonthecampus.v几种特殊的形式宾语几种特殊的形式宾语,其后没有宾补其后没有宾补：由于介词后通常不能直接跟从句作宾语，有个别特殊结构由于介词后通常不能直接跟从句作宾语，有个别特殊结构就在介词后先接就在介词后先接it作形式宾语，再跟作形式宾语，再跟that从句从句个别介词（主个别介词（主要是要是but和和except）也可接）也可接that从句作宾语从句作宾语：Youmaydependonitthathewillturnupintime.Illseetoitthatalltheseletterswillbesenttoth
16、epostofficebeforetwelve.用作形式宾语用作形式宾语有的动词由于通常只用作及物动词，当它们后接有的动词由于通常只用作及物动词，当它们后接if从从句或句或when从句，通常应先在动词后接从句，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。作形式宾语。Shewontlikeitifyouarrivelate.Hehatesitwhenpeopleusehisbikewithoutfirstaskingforhispermission.能这样用的动词不多，主要有能这样用的动词不多，主要有enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer，appreciate等表示情感的动
17、词。等表示情感的动词。用于用于haveit(that)（说（说是真的、认为）是真的、认为）,takeit(that)（设想，认为）等固定表达中（设想，认为）等固定表达中:Itakeit(that)youagree.Reporthasitthatabout30peoplewerekilledintheaccident.用于强调句型用于强调句型vItbe+被强调部分被强调部分+that.v该句型是强调句型。该句型是强调句型。可以强调可以强调除谓语以除谓语以外的其它成分外的其它成分，将被强调的部分放在前面，将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于其它部分置于that之后。强调的部分是之后。强调的部分是人
18、人时时也可用也可用who/whom换用换用。v如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。它从句的方法。I met Tom in the park yesterday.I met Tom in the park yesterday.1)ItwasIwho/thatmetTomintheparkyesterday.2)ItwasTomwho/whom/thatImetintheparkyesterday.3)ItwasintheparkthatImetTomyesterday.4
19、)ItwasyesterdaythatImetTominthepark.Itwasfiveoclock_Igothome.Itwasatfiveoclock_Igothome.用于强调句型用于强调句型It + be +It + be +被强调部分被强调部分 + that/who+ that/whothatwhen It was at the theatre _ Lincoln was murdered. It was the theatre _ Lincoln was murdered. A. which B. that C. where D. the oneIt was our teache
20、r _did the experiment in the lab last night. A. whom B. that C. which D. where It was ten years ago_ Miss Gao returned to China. A. that B. when C. since D. as 对比练习对比练习BCBA It was _ he said _disappointed me. A. what; that B.that; that C. what; what D. that; what It was for this reason _ her uncle mo
21、ved out of New York and settled down in a small village. A. which B. why C. that D. how对比练习对比练习AC 1. 1. 句首词用句首词用“ItIt”，不能用不能用“ThisThis”，“ThatThat”等。等。2. be2. be动词的形式是动词的形式是isis或或waswas，不能用复数形式不能用复数形式areare或或werewere。 A. A. It_theIt_the Chinese women that_a great Chinese women that_a great role in th
22、e socialist construction.role in the socialist construction. A is;plays B are;play C is;play D A is;plays B are;play C is;play D are;playsare;playsB. _all these exercises_all of us can do B. _all these exercises_all of us can do tomorrow.tomorrow. A It is;that B A It is;that B It was;that It was;tha
23、t C They are;which D It will C They are;which D It will be;thatbe;thatCA强调句型注意事项强调句型注意事项3. 连连接接词词一一般般用用that，当当强强调调部部分分是是人人时时，既既可可用用that也也可可用用who.特特别别注注意意当当强强调调部部分分是是时时间间状状语或地点状语时，不能用语或地点状语时，不能用when或或where。It was at the gate _ he told me the newsA. that B.what C.which D.when A强调句型注意事项强调句型注意事项1.It is
24、Mary who often_( help) me with my English.2.It is I that _ (be)against you.3.It is the boy students of Class Two who _ (be)playing football on the playground.4.It is Mr Green ,together with his wife and children ,that _in China now. A are B is C was D werehelpsamareB主谓一致问题主谓一致问题强调句型注意事项强调句型注意事项1.Hed
25、idntcomebecausehewasill.Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidntcome.从句的强调句型从句的强调句型（注意：被强调的原因状语从句只能用（注意：被强调的原因状语从句只能用because/becuaesof引导，不能用引导，不能用as或或since引导引导)2. It was only when I reread his poems recently _ I began to appreciate their beauty. A. until B. that C. then D. so3._the people _h ave become the m
26、asters of their country _ science can really serve the people. A.It is only when ; that; where B They are;/;when C.It is only when; / ;that D It was when; that; thenBC1.Shedidntgotobeduntilherfathercameback.Itwasuntilherfathercamebackthatshedidntgotobed.Notuntilherfathercamebackdidshegotobed.Itwasno
27、t(wasnt)untilherfathercamebackthatshewenttobed.notuntil的强调句型的强调句型强调强调“notnotuntiluntil”引导的时间状语时，引导的时间状语时，要用要用“it is/was not untilit is/was not untilthatthat”结结构构, ,，thatthat后面的句子要用肯定式，且须用后面的句子要用肯定式，且须用陈述句语序。陈述句语序。一般疑问句的强调一般疑问句的强调1. -Was_that I saw last night at the concert? -No, it wasnt.A. it you B
28、. not you C. you D. that yourself2. -Wasnt it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now? -_. A. I didnt know he was. B.Yes, it was.C. No, he wasnt. D.Yes, he did.3. Was it in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded _ landing on the moon? A. when;on B.that;on C.when; in D.that; inABDIs / Was + it + that +句子的
29、其他部分（陈述语序）。句子的其他部分（陈述语序）。简单的答语为：简单的答语为：“Yes,it is/was.”或或 “No,it isnt/wasnt.”特殊疑问句的强调句型特殊疑问句的强调句型1.Howdidyouforgettolockthedoor?Itwashowthatyouforgettolockthedoor?Howwasitthatyouforgottolockthedoor?疑问词疑问词+is/wasitthat2. I really dont know _I had my money stolen.A where was it that B when it is that
30、C where it was that D it was where thatC强调的疑问词引导从句，用陈述语气强调的疑问词引导从句，用陈述语气It 句型辨析句型辨析It+be+时间时间+when;It+be+时间时间+sinceIt+be+时间时间+that;It+be+时间时间+beforeItisthreeyears_hisfatherpassedaway.Itwasalready11oclock_wegothome.Itwasat5oclock_hepractisedplayingtheviolininthemorning.Itwas5oclock_westartedoutinthem
31、orning.Itwillbeyears_wemeetagain.Itwasintheearlymorning_wefinishedourworkItwas(not)long_thepolicearrived.sincewhenthatwhenbeforethatbefore高考真题精选高考真题精选1.Luckily,_happenedtobeaforeignteacher.A.itB.thereC.theyD.that2.Youshouldmake_aruletoleavethingswhereyoucanfindthemagain.A.itB.thatC.youD.this3._iskno
32、wntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What4.IwantverymuchtobuyacolorTVset,butIcantafford_A.itB.oneC.thisD.thatBABB5.Ishouldprefer_ifyoudidntgotherealone.A.itB.thatC.youD.which6.Heisalwaysreallyrude,_iswhypeopleavoidhim.A.thatB.itC.thisD.which7.Havingatripabroadisce
33、rtainlygoodfortheoldcouple,but_remainstobeseenwhethertheywillenjoyit.A.thatB.itC.thisD.which8.Dearme!Justlookatthetime.Ihadnoidea_wassolate.A.itB.asC.thatD.what9._ishardistodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.A.HeB.ItC.ThatD.WhatADBAD高考真题精选高考真题精选高考真题精选高考真题精选10._ishardtodogoodalloneslifeandneverdo
34、anythingbad.A.HeB.ItC.ThatD.What11._doesntseemtohavebeenmuchdifficultyinsolvingtheproblemA.ItB.ThatC.ThereD.He12.IcantrememberaChristmaswhen_snowedsomuch.A.itB.thatC.whatD.theweather13.Itwasnot_shetookoffherdarkglasses_Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;thenBCAB
35、14.Tomsmotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,(but_didnthelp),_didnthelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it15.As_happens,Ihavebroughtmyumbrellawithme.A.itB.thisC.thatD.such16._hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.This17.Itwassevenforty-five_hefinishedthework.A.whenB.thatC.whenD
36、.beforeDAAA高考真题精选高考真题精选B18.Wasitbecauseitsnowedlastnight_hedidntcome?A.whyB.thatC.whenD.which19.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,_Iwillalwaystreasure.A.thatB.itC.oneD.what20.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,making_themostpopularsportintheworld.A.whichB.thisC.thatD.it21.Itworriedabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.forBCDB高考真题精选高考真题精选
