《WilliamShakespeare威廉.莎士比亚》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《WilliamShakespeare威廉.莎士比亚（54页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、William Shakespeare威廉威廉莎士比莎士比亚亚-The peak of HumanismMain ContentsThe life of shakespeareLiterary positionLiterary career and productionsThe life of ShakespeareThe life of ShakespeareShakespeare was born in Britain in April 23, 1564 central Warwick County along the Evan River in Stratford, a wealthy
2、families.莎士比莎士比亚亚于于1564年年4月月23日生于日生于英国英国中部瓦中部瓦维维克克郡郡埃文河畔斯特拉特福埃文河畔斯特拉特福的一位富裕的市民家庭的一位富裕的市民家庭。The life of ShakespeareThe Avon River埃文河, near Stratford-upon-Avon. The life of ShakespeareAt the age of 7 Shakespeare was sent to the local grammar school which he attended for six years.Besides reading and w
3、riting he was taught Latin and Greek.The life of ShakespeareIn 1577 he was taken from the school and for some time had to help his father in the trade because his fathers financial situation declined.The life of ShakespeareAt the age of 18,he married a farmers daughter Anne Hathaway who was eight ye
4、ars old than himand bore him three children:Susanna,and twins hamnet and JudithThe life of ShakespeareIn the year 1586 or 1587,Shakespeare leaved home for London to make a living(at the age of 22)and joined a theatre company. The life of ShakespeareBetween 1586 and 1592,he began a successful career
5、in London as an actor,writer,and part owner of a playing company called the The Lord Chamberlaines Company(宫宫内大臣内大臣剧团剧团）,later known as the Kings Men（国王供奉（国王供奉剧团剧团）.The life of ShakespeareIn 1597(at the age of 33),he bought one of the largest houses in Stratford ,which shows his financial affairs we
6、nt well.In 1599,the Globe Theatre was opened and its success made Shakespeare a rich man.The life of ShakespeareShakespeares activities as a dramatist,poet,actor and proprietor lasted till the year 1612(at the age of 48）when he retired from the stage and returned to Startford.The life of Shakespeare
7、Shakespeare was buried in the chancel （祭（祭坛坛，圣所），圣所）of the Holy Trinity Church(圣圣一三教堂）一三教堂） two days after his death.Shakespeare died on the 23rd of April,1616. The life of ShakespeareShakespeares graveGood frend for Iesvs sake forbeare,To digg the dvst encloased heare.Bleste be ye man yt spares the
8、s stones,And cvrst be he yt moves my bones.莎士比亚遗体安葬在镇上圣三一教堂。墓志铭写：“看在耶稣的份上，好朋友，切莫动底下的这抔黄土！让我安息者上天保佑，移我尸骨者永受诅咒。”Shakespeares literary positionShakespeares literary positionShakespeare (1564 1616) the Great Renaissance dramatist, poet, European Renaissance humanism literature synthesizer.英国文艺复兴时期伟大的英国文
9、艺复兴时期伟大的剧作家、诗人，欧洲文艺剧作家、诗人，欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。集大成者。Shakespeares literary positionThe greatest of all English authors, William Shakespeare belongs to those rare geniuses of mankind who have become landmarks in the history of world culture. 威廉威廉莎士比莎士比亚亚不不仅仅是英国最是英国最伟伟大的作家，而大的作家，而且也是且也是对对世界文化
10、史做出划世界文化史做出划时时代代贡贡献的少有献的少有的天才之一。的天才之一。Shakespeares literary positionThe works of William Shakespeare are a great landmark in the history of world literature for he was one of the first founders of realism, a master hand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations.他的著作之所以成他的著作之所以成为为世界文学史
11、的里程碑，世界文学史的里程碑，是因是因为为他首他首创创了了现实现实主主义义写作手法，写作手法，对对人物人物和人物关系的客和人物关系的客观观描写达到了登峰造极的水描写达到了登峰造极的水平。平。Shakespeares literary positionMore than his plays based on historical records, novels, folklore and the old opera and other existing materials, a reflection of the feudal society to capitalist society, the
12、 historical reality of the transition, to promote the emerging bourgeoisie humanitarianism thought and point of view of human nature.他的戏剧多取材于历史记载、小说、民间传他的戏剧多取材于历史记载、小说、民间传说和老戏等已有的材料，反映了封建社会向说和老戏等已有的材料，反映了封建社会向资本主义社会过渡的历史现实，宣扬了新兴资本主义社会过渡的历史现实，宣扬了新兴资产阶级的人道主义思想和人性论观点。资产阶级的人道主义思想和人性论观点。Shakespeares lite
13、rary position In poetry creation, he changed the format in Italy, according to the four, four, four two arrangement, each poem can better embody the introduction, emotional and train of thought turns and change. He used his control, polysemy, repetition, alliteration, pause, the length of tone scatt
14、ered to foil content, enhanced music. 在在诗诗歌的歌的创创作中，他改作中，他改变变了意大利的格式，了意大利的格式，按四、四、四二按四、四、四二编编排，每首排，每首诗诗更能体更能体现现起承起承转转合，情感和思路曲折而有合，情感和思路曲折而有变变化。他常用化。他常用对对照、多照、多义词义词、重复、停、重复、停顿顿、头头韵、韵、长长短音的短音的错错落来烘托内容，增落来烘托内容，增强强音音乐乐性。性。Shakespeares literary positionHis work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by n
15、ew movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly studied, performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world 他的大部分作品都已被他的大部分作品都已被译译成多种文字，其成多种文字，其剧剧作也在作也在许许多国家上演。多国家上演。Literary career and productionsLiterary
16、 career and productionsMore than his plays based on historical records, novels, folklore and the old opera and other existing materials, a reflection of the feudal society to capitalist society, the historical reality of the transition, to promote the emerging bourgeoisie humanitarianism thought and
17、 point of view of human nature.他的戏剧多取材于历史记载、小说、民间传他的戏剧多取材于历史记载、小说、民间传说和老戏等已有的材料，反映了封建社会向说和老戏等已有的材料，反映了封建社会向资本主义社会过渡的历史现实，宣扬了新兴资本主义社会过渡的历史现实，宣扬了新兴资产阶级的人道主义思想和人性论观点。资产阶级的人道主义思想和人性论观点。Literary career and productions During the twenty-two years of his literary work he produced 37 plays, two narrative po
18、ems and 154 sonnets.His literary work may be divided into three major periods： The first period(1590-1600) The second period(1601-1608) The third period(1609-1612)Literary career and productionsThe first period (1590 1600)第一第一时时期期Mainly include historical dramas and comedies-9 historical drama, 10 c
19、omedies and 2 tragedies.以写作以写作历历史史剧剧、喜、喜剧为剧为主，有主，有9部部历历史史剧剧、10部喜部喜剧剧和和2部悲部悲剧剧。The first period (1590 1600)9 historical drama John king was written in early thirteenth Century British history, the other8 is the content of the interface of the two Episode 4: Henry VI, the Charlie III, and; Richard II,
20、 Henry IV ( referred to as the most successful historical drama ) on the V, with Henry. 9部部历历史史剧剧中除中除约约翰王是写翰王是写 13 世世纪纪初英初英国国历历史外史外 ，其他，其他8部是内容相部是内容相衔衔接的两个接的两个4部部曲曲 ： 亨利六世上亨利六世上 、中、下篇与、中、下篇与查查理理三世三世；理理查查二世、亨利四世（被二世、亨利四世（被称称为为最成功的最成功的历历史史剧剧）上、下篇与亨利五）上、下篇与亨利五世。世。The first period (1590 1600)These histo
21、rical drama summary of British history more than 100 years of unrest, created a series of positive, negative image of monarchy, reflecting Shakespeare against the feudal rule, support the centralization of power, condemned the tyrant and tyranny, enlightened monarchs were top-down reform requirement
22、s, the establishment of a harmonious society between humanistic political and moral ideal.这这些些历历史史剧剧概括了英国概括了英国历历史上百余年史上百余年间间的的动动乱，塑乱，塑造了一系列正、反面君主形象，反映了莎士比造了一系列正、反面君主形象，反映了莎士比亚亚反反对对封建割据，封建割据，拥护拥护中央集中央集权权，谴责谴责暴君暴政，要求暴君暴政，要求开明君主开明君主进进行自上而下改革，建立和行自上而下改革，建立和谐谐社会关系的社会关系的人文主人文主义义政治与道德理想。政治与道德理想。 The first
23、period (1590 1600)The 10comedy comedy of errors, the taming of the Shrew, the two gent, love in vain, A Midsummer Nights dream, the merchant of Venice, the Merry Wives of Windsor, make trouble out of nothing, to the satisfaction of all and Twelfth Night to love, friendship, mostly marriage as the th
24、eme, the protagonist is a few humane wisdom and virtue of young men and women, through their freedom, happiness struggle, progress, sing good new fresh air, but also gently to expose and ridicule the old things decay and ugly, such as asceticism virtual correction, puritanical hypocrisy and usurers
25、avaricious and mean wait for.10部喜部喜剧剧错误错误的喜的喜剧剧、驯驯悍悍记记、维维洛那二洛那二绅绅士、士、爱爱的徒的徒劳劳、仲夏夜之梦、威尼斯商人、温莎的、仲夏夜之梦、威尼斯商人、温莎的风风流娘儿流娘儿们们、无事生非、皆大、无事生非、皆大欢欢喜和第十二夜喜和第十二夜大都以大都以爱爱情、友情、友谊谊、婚姻、婚姻为为主主题题，主人公多是一些具有人文主，主人公多是一些具有人文主义义智慧与美德的青年男女，通智慧与美德的青年男女，通过过他他们们争取自由、幸福的斗争，争取自由、幸福的斗争，歌歌颂进颂进步、美好的新人新步、美好的新人新风风，同，同时时也温和地揭露和嘲也温和地揭
26、露和嘲讽讽旧事物旧事物的衰朽和丑的衰朽和丑恶恶，如禁欲主，如禁欲主义义的虚的虚矫矫、清教徒的、清教徒的伪伪善和高利善和高利贷贷者者的的贪贪鄙等。鄙等。 The first period (1590 1600)This period drama the basic mood is optimistic, bright, full of humanistic ideal to solve social contradictions, confidence, that is written in this period the tragicomedy Romeo and Juliet, was fi
27、lled with the comedy atmosphere. Although the hero died sentimentalism, but the ideals of love over death, in exchange for a reconciliation of feudal.这这一一时时期期戏剧创戏剧创作的基本情作的基本情调调是是乐观乐观、明朗的，充、明朗的，充满满着以人文主着以人文主义义理想解决社会矛盾的信心，以致写理想解决社会矛盾的信心，以致写在在这这一一时时期的悲喜期的悲喜剧剧罗罗密欧和朱密欧和朱丽丽叶中，也洋叶中，也洋溢着喜溢着喜剧剧气氛。尽管主人公殉情而死，但
28、气氛。尽管主人公殉情而死，但爱爱的理想的理想战胜战胜死亡，死亡，换换来了封建世仇的和解。来了封建世仇的和解。 Literary career and productionsThe second period (1601 1607)第二时期In tragedy, written 3 Department of the Rome opera,5 tragedies and 3 dark comedy or problem plays.以悲以悲剧为剧为主主 ，写了，写了3部部罗马剧罗马剧、5部悲部悲剧剧和和3部部“阴暗的喜阴暗的喜剧剧”或或“问题剧问题剧”。The second period (16
29、01 1607)Rome drama Julius Caesar, Anthony and Cleopatra Petra and Cory is based on Plutarch lanus Rome Greek heroes historical drama.罗马剧罗马剧尤利尤利乌乌斯斯凯凯撒、安撒、安东东尼尼和和克莉克莉奥佩特拉和奥佩特拉和科里奥拉努斯科里奥拉努斯是取材于普是取材于普鲁鲁塔克希腊塔克希腊罗马罗马英雄英雄传传 的的历历史史剧剧。The second period (1601 1607)Four tragedies Hamlet, Othello, King, Mike w
30、hite and tragedy Timon of Athens marks of the era, the life of the deep thinking, strive to create the new era of tragic hero.四大悲四大悲剧剧哈姆雷特、奥哈姆雷特、奥赛罗赛罗 、 李李尔尔王王 、麦克白、麦克白和悲和悲剧剧雅典的泰雅典的泰门门标标志着作者志着作者对时对时代、人生的深入思考，着代、人生的深入思考，着力塑造了力塑造了这样这样一些新一些新时时代的悲代的悲剧剧主人公主人公 。The second period (1601 1607)Hamlet avenged
31、the death of his father and found with all time out of joint, decided to take up the responsibility of reforming the course, the result is just great ambitions, powerless.哈姆雷特哈姆雷特为报为报父仇而父仇而发现发现与与“整个整个时时代脱榫代脱榫”了，决定担起了，决定担起“重整乾坤重整乾坤”的的责责任，任，结结果是空果是空怀怀大志，无力回天。大志，无力回天。The second period (1601 1607)King L
32、ear in power to bring him glory, pride, self-confidence in the nature, get crazy, fantasy to make right divided country to prove himself become a king and do an ordinary person, can be the same or greater, and suffered a painful ordeal.李李尔尔王在王在权势给权势给他他带带来的尊荣来的尊荣 、自豪、自豪 、 自自信中迷失本性信中迷失本性 ，丧丧失理智，幻想以失理智
33、，幻想以让权让权分国分国来来证证明自己不当国王而做一个普通人，也能明自己不当国王而做一个普通人，也能同同样样或更加或更加伟伟大，因而大，因而经经受了一番痛苦的磨受了一番痛苦的磨难难。The second period (1601 1607)Mike Bai Ben is a real hero, disposition has the goodness and beauty side, just because of the temptation and ambition, reduced to a from the bloody to bloody, Aohuiwuji sinner.麦克白
34、本是有功的英雄，性格中有善和美的麦克白本是有功的英雄，性格中有善和美的一面，只因王位的一面，只因王位的诱诱惑和野心的惑和野心的驱驱使，使，沦为沦为“从血腥到血腥从血腥到血腥”、懊悔无及的罪人。、懊悔无及的罪人。The second period (1601 1607)Othello honest honest, trust and vengeful, in communication at the mercy of the suicide, for the pursuit of its perfection itself. Instead by evil.奥奥赛罗赛罗正直淳朴，相信人而又嫉正直
35、淳朴，相信人而又嫉恶恶如仇，在如仇，在奸人奸人摆摆布下布下杀杀妻自戕，妻自戕，为为追求至善至美反遭追求至善至美反遭恶报恶报。The second period (1601 1607)These characters tragedy, announced deeply in the period of capital primitive accumulation has begun to appear the social evils and bourgeois egoism, the performance of the humanist ideal and reality the irrec
36、oncilable contradiction between, highly summarized significance.这这些人物的悲些人物的悲剧剧，深刻地揭示了在，深刻地揭示了在资资本原始本原始积积累累时时期已开始出期已开始出现现的种种社会罪的种种社会罪恶恶和和资产资产阶级阶级的利己主的利己主义义，表，表现现了人文主了人文主义义理想与残理想与残酷酷现实现实之之间间矛盾的不可矛盾的不可调调和，具有高度的概和，具有高度的概括意括意义义。The second period (1601 1607)Since this period plays the depth of thought and
37、 the realistic depth increase, make Troilus and Cressida, married and requite like for like and comedy also reveals the dark side, enveloped the treachery, the intrigues of the evil shadow, so called problem plays or dark comedy.由于由于这这一一时时期期剧剧作思想深度和作思想深度和现实现实主主义义深度深度的增的增强强，使特洛伊，使特洛伊罗罗斯斯与克瑞西达与克瑞西达、终终
38、成眷属和一成眷属和一报还报还一一报报等等“喜喜剧剧”也也显显露出阴暗的一面，露出阴暗的一面，笼笼罩着背信弃罩着背信弃义义、尔尔虞虞我我诈诈的罪的罪恶恶阴影，因而被称阴影，因而被称为为“问题剧问题剧”或或“阴阴暗的喜暗的喜剧剧”。 Literary career and productionsThe third period (1608 1613)第三第三时时期期Inclined to compromise and the illusion of tragedy and comedy or drama.倾倾向于妥向于妥协协和幻想的悲喜和幻想的悲喜剧剧或或传传奇奇剧剧。 The main work
39、 is a4comedy and tragedy or melodrama crown prince Chris, Xin Lin, winters tale, the storm.主要作品是主要作品是4部悲喜部悲喜剧剧或或传传奇奇剧剧泰泰尔尔亲亲王王里克里斯里克里斯、辛白林辛白林、冬天的故事、冬天的故事、暴暴风风雨。雨。The third period (1608 1613)Many of these works were written, reunion, framing,. Although still adhere to the ideals of humanism, the dark
40、 reality has been exposed, but contradictory settlement mainly rely on magic, fantasy, the lucky chance coincidence and accident, and to promote forgiveness, tolerance, compromise, and talks.这这些作品多写失散、些作品多写失散、团团聚、聚、诬诬陷、昭雪。尽管仍然陷、昭雪。尽管仍然坚坚持人文主持人文主义义理想，理想，对对黑暗黑暗现实现实有所揭露，但矛盾有所揭露，但矛盾的解决主要靠魔法、幻想、机的解决主要靠魔法
41、、幻想、机缘缘巧合和偶然事件，巧合和偶然事件，并以宣并以宣扬宽扬宽恕、容忍、妥恕、容忍、妥协协、和解告、和解告终终。 The third period (1608 1613)The works of this period are often through the mythical fantasy, with the help of supernatural power to solve the contradiction between the ideal and reality;这这一一时时期的作品往往通期的作品往往通过过神神话话式的幻想，借式的幻想，借助超自然的力量来解决理想与助超自然
42、的力量来解决理想与现实现实之之间间的矛的矛盾；盾；The third period (1608 1613)works through forgiveness, reconciliation, not the joy, nor the metaphase and gloomy, but full of beautiful life fantasy, romantic exotic. The storm (1611) is the most representative of this period style, known as written in poetry.作品作品贯贯串着串着宽宽恕、和
43、解的精神，没有前期的恕、和解的精神，没有前期的欢乐欢乐，也没有中期的阴郁，而是充，也没有中期的阴郁，而是充满满美美丽丽的的生活幻想，浪漫情生活幻想，浪漫情调浓调浓郁。暴郁。暴风风雨雨（1611）最能代表）最能代表这这一一时时期的期的风风格，被称格，被称为为“用用诗诗歌写的歌写的遗遗嘱嘱”。Tragedy（悲（悲剧剧）Tragedy（悲剧）Four great tragedies（四大悲剧）:Macbeth (麦克白) King Lear (李尔王) Hamlet (哈姆雷特) Othello (奥赛罗) Romeo and Juliet (罗密欧与朱丽叶) Titus Andronicus (
44、泰特斯安特洛尼克斯) Julius Caesar (裘力斯凯撒) Antony and Cleopatra (安东尼与克莉奥佩屈拉) Coriolanus (科利奥兰纳斯) Troilus and Cressida (特洛埃围城记) Timon of Athens (雅典的泰门) Comedy（喜喜剧剧）:Four Great Comedies（四大喜剧）: As You Like It（皆大欢喜） Twelfth Night or What You Will（第十二夜） The Merchant of Venice（威尼斯商人） A Midsummer Nights Dream（仲夏夜之梦）
45、 Much Ado About Nothing（无事生非) Measure for Measure（一报还一报) The Tempest（暴风雨) Taming of the Shrew（驯悍记)The Merry Wives of Windsor（ 温莎的风流娘们) Loves Labours Lost（爱的徒劳) The Two Gentlemen of Verona（维洛那二绅士） Pericles Prince of Tyre（泰尔亲王佩力克尔斯）The Winters Tale (冬天的故事) The Comedy of Errors (错中错) Alls Well That End
46、s Well (终成眷属)poetryThe Sonnets（十四行诗） A Lovers Complaint（爱人的怨诉又译：情女怨）The Rape of Lucrece（鲁克丽丝失贞记） Venus and Adonis（维纳斯和阿多尼斯） The Passionate Pilgrim（热情的朝圣者又译：激情飘泊者）The Phoenix and the Turtle （凤凰和斑鸠）Famous sayingFamous sayingTo be or not to be, that is a question. （生存还是毁灭，这是一个问题。）The course of true lov
47、e never did run smooth. (A Midsummer Nights Dream) 真爱无坦途。 仲夏夜之梦 Love is merely a madness. （爱情不过是一种疯狂。皆大欢喜）Loves not love when it is mingled with regards that stands aloof from thentire point. (King Lear 1.1) 爱情里面要是搀杂了和它本身无关的算计，那就不是真的爱情。李尔王Do not , for one repulse , give up the purpose that you resol
48、ved to effect . 不要只因一次失败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。 There is a history in all mens lives. 所有人的生活都有一部历史. It is not enough to help the feeble up, but to support him after. 仅仅把弱者扶起来是不够的，还要在他站起来之后支持他。 Truth needs no colour; beautiful need no pencil. 真理不需色彩，美丽不需涂饰。你可以怀疑星星是火焰，怀疑太阳会移动，怀疑真理是谎言，但绝对不要怀疑我爱你。 Things base
49、and vile, holding no quantity, love can transpose to from and dignity: love looks not with the eyes, but with mind. (A Midsummer Nights Dream 1.1) 卑贱和劣行在爱情看来都不算数，都可以被转化成美满和庄严：爱情不用眼睛辨别，而是用心灵来判断/爱用的不是眼睛，而是心。仲夏夜之梦Sweet are the uses of adversity. (As You Like It, 2.1) 逆境和厄运自有妙处。皆大欢喜Keep up your bright s
50、words, for the dew will rust them. (Othello 1.2) 收起你们明晃晃的剑，它们沾了露水会生锈的。奥赛罗A light heart lives long . 豁达者长寿。A little more than kin, and less than kind. (超乎寻常的亲族，漠不相关的路人。哈姆雷特 )Tis this times plague, when madmen lead the blind. (King Lear 4.1) 疯子带瞎子走路，这就是这个时代的病态。李尔王Whats done cannot be undone. (Macbeth
51、5.1) 做过的事情不能逆转。麦克白The time of life is short ; to spend that shortness basely, it would be too long . 人生苦短，若虚度年华，则短暂的人生就太长了。1、字体安装与、字体安装与设设置置如果您对PPT模板中的字体风格不满意，可进行批量替换，一次性更改各页面字体。1.在“开始”选项卡中，点击“替换”按钮右侧箭头，选择“替换字体”。（如下图）2.在图“替换”下拉列表中选择要更改字体。（如下图）3.在“替换为”下拉列表中选择替换字体。4.点击“替换”按钮，完成。532、替、替换换模板中的模板中的图图片片模板中的图片展示页面，您可以根据需要替换这些图片，下面介绍两种替换方法。方法一：更改方法一：更改图图片片1.选中模版中的图片（有些图片与其他对象进行了组合，选择时一定要选中图片本身，而不是组合）。2.单击鼠标右键，选择“更改图片”，选择要替换的图片。（如下图）注意：注意：为防止替换图片发生变形，请使用与原图长宽比例相同的图片。53赠送精美图标
