《土壤污染及防治(英语)》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《土壤污染及防治(英语)（24页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Environmental pollution and preventionCrew：滕达、朱梦浩、沙科成、路飞：滕达、朱梦浩、沙科成、路飞Environmental pollution and preventionSoil pollution hazards and the status quo3The concept of characteristics of the soil pollution1Soil pollution reasons24Of soil pollution prevention and control measuresFirst, the concept of th
2、e characteristics of the soil pollution What is soil pollution？ Soil pollution harmful toxic substances into the soil beyond the self-purification capacity of the soil, resulting in soil physical, chemical and biological properties change, reducing crop yields and quality, the phenomenon of harm to
3、human health. From the perspective of environmental science to define soil pollution is the waste and toxic and hazardous substances into the soil over the soil self-purification capacity, destruction of the state of the natural balance of the soil system completely soil quality deterioration or rec
4、ession phenomenon.2 major pollutants1.Inorganic contaminants (such as heavy metals, acids, salts, etc.)2.Organic pesticides (such as fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, etc.)3.Organic waste (such as biodegradable or degradable organic waste, etc.)4.Sludge, slag and fly ash, radioactive substances,
5、parasites, pathogens1 soil pollution has hidden and lag2 Accumulation of soil pollution3 soil pollution irreversible4 soil pollution refractory rational 3.Characteristics of land 3.Characteristics of land contaminationcontaminationSecond. Soil pollution reasons1 sewage for irrigation2 air pollution3
6、 excessive application of fertilizers4 heavy use of pesticides5 solid waste6 of heavy metals7 radioactive material contamination of soil1 sewage for irrigation1 sewage for irrigation Sewage and industrial waste water, containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and many plants need nutrients, so reas
7、onable use of Sewage Irrigation, general stimulation effect.Sewage containing heavy metals, phenols, cyanide and other toxic and hazardous substances directly used for farmland irrigation, will pollute the soil.2 air pollution2 air pollution Atmospheric pollution can be divided into two categories:
8、gas pollution, such as sulfur dioxide, fluoride, ozone, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, etc.; aerosol pollution, such as dust, soot and other solid particles and liquid smoke, fog and other particles, they are by sedimentationor precipitation into the soil and cause pollution.3.3.Excessive applicatio
9、n of fertilizers.Excessive application of fertilizers. Long-term large-scale use of chemical fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, will destroy the soil structure, resulting in soil compaction, degradation of arable soil tilth shallow plowing deteriorated security fertilizer capacity decline and
10、 deterioration of the biological properties, and increase the cost of agricultural production, the impactthe crop yield and quality4 heavy use of pesticides4 heavy use of pesticides Crops from the soil to absorb pesticides accumulated in plant roots, stems, leaves, fruits and seeds, and endanger hum
11、an and livestock health through food, feed5 solid waste5 solid wastenIndustrial waste and municipal waste soil solid contaminants. For example, a wide range of all kinds of trash generated management, recycling poor, the large amount of waste was left on the land caused by land pollution.6 6 Heavy m
12、etal elementsHeavy metal elementsnHeavy metal pollutants into the soil to the presence of soluble and insoluble particles, such as fluorine, mercury, cadmium, Zn, Pb, Ni such as arsenic, chromium in the soil that can be absorbed by plants and enriched.7 7 Radioactive substances contaminated Radioact
13、ive substances contaminated soilsoilnSoil radiation contamination source of uranium and thorium mining, uranium enrichment, nuclear waste disposal, nuclear weapons explosions, nuclear experiments, coal-fired power plants, phosphate ore mining processing. Easily adsorbed by the soil, the residence ti
14、me is longer.Third. Hazards and the status quo of the landHazard:Hazard:1.Soil pollution worsens already strained more shortage of 1.Soil pollution worsens already strained more shortage of arable land resourcesarable land resources2.Soil pollution tremendous threat to peoples health2.Soil pollution
15、 tremendous threat to peoples health3.Soil pollution to adverse impact on agricultural 3.Soil pollution to adverse impact on agricultural development has brought greatdevelopment has brought great4.Soil pollution is also an important reason to cause 4.Soil pollution is also an important reason to ca
16、use environmental pollutionenvironmental pollution5.Pollutants in soil pollution migration and retention, and 5.Pollutants in soil pollution migration and retention, and may continue to cause land contaminationmay continue to cause land contamination6.Soil pollution seriously jeopardize the interest
17、s of 6.Soil pollution seriously jeopardize the interests of future generations, is not conducive to the sustainable future generations, is not conducive to the sustainable development of the rural economydevelopment of the rural economy Currently, the uproar cancer villages. China cancer village spa
18、ce distribution is very uneven, in addition to the four provinces of Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia has not been found outside the village of cancer, are distributed in 27 provinces across the country, the number of significant differences between these provinces cancer village. Number of cancer Vil
19、lage in Henan Province, more than 39 is the greatest. Causes, removal of part of the formation of the unexplained cancer villages, the formation of the cancer villages remaining 90% are associated with modern industrial pollution. Such factories and mines mainly include chemical plants, printing and
20、 dyeing, paper mills, pharmaceutical plants, tanneries, alcohol plants, power plants, lime kilns, where the chemical plant caused environmental pollution lead to the the cancer villages phenomenon most common. Status: At present, the overall situation of soil pollution in China is grim, serious soil
21、 pollution in some areas, the soil heavily polluted area in heavy polluting enterprises or industry-intensive areas, the mining mining areas and the surrounding region, urban and peri-urban areas and high-risk areas. Various types of soil pollution, showing the coexistence of old and new pollutants,
22、 inorganic-organic composite pollution situation. Soil pollution pathway, the reasons are complicated, difficult to control. Soil environmental supervision and management system is not perfect, inadequate investment in soil pollution prevention, social prevention awareness. Agricultural products qua
23、lity and safety problems caused by soil pollution and mass incidents are increasing year by year, become important factors that affect the public health and social stability.Land pollution status of general Land pollution status of general characteristics:characteristics:1. Increased pollution level
24、s According to incomplete survey, the national contaminated farmland and about 1.5 million mu, 3250 mu of arable land irrigated with sewage pollution, solid waste dumps covers an area of 200 mu and Hui Tian, together account for about one-tenth of the total area of cultivated landabove, most of whic
25、h is concentrated in the more economically developed regions.2.2.Huge pollution hazard.Huge pollution hazard. It is estimated that the country each year due to heavy metal contamination of food amounted to 12 million tons, resulting in direct economic losses of over 20 billion yuan. Soil pollution c
26、aused by harmful substances accumulated in the crop enters the body through the food chain and cause various diseases, ultimately endanger human health. Soil pollution directly affects the structure and function of the soil ecosystem, will eventually become a threat to ecological security.3.3.Pollut
27、ion prevention foundation is weakPollution prevention foundation is weak Currently, the area of the national soil pollution, distribution and extent is unclear, the lack of prevention measures targeted. Prevention of soil pollution laws or blank, nor the formation of soil environmental standard syst
28、em. Limited capital investment, soil science research is difficult to carry out in-depth. A considerable part of the masses and the enterprises are lack of awareness of the seriousness and danger of soil pollution。Fourth, the prevention of soil Fourth, the prevention of soil pollutionpollution1.Soil
29、 pollution prevention and control, including two aspects: First, the anti, is to take measures to prevent soil pollution; The second is the rule is already contaminated soil improved governance.2.2.Soil pollution prevention measuresSoil pollution prevention measures 1 scientific use of Sewage Irriga
30、tion2 Rational use of pesticides, and actively3 develop high-efficiency low-residue pesticides3 Actively promote biological pest4 to raise public awareness of soil conservation 3.3.Soil pollution control measuresSoil pollution control measures1 Bioremediation of contaminated soil2 contaminated soil
31、chemical methods of governance3 increase organic fertilizer4 regulation of soil redox conditions5 to change the rotation system6 Changing soil and tilling the soil7 implementation of targeted measures In short, according to the environmental policy of prevention first, the primary task of preventing soil pollution control and eliminate soil pollution, prevent soil pollution; contaminated soil, it is necessary to take all effective measures to remove the contaminants in the soil,improve the soil, preventing the migration and transformation of pollutants in the soil.
