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1、unit1Competition-unit1Competition-报告报告1.What is the spirit of competition?Competitionisacommonphenomenoninoursociallife.Wecompetewhenweplaygamesandwhenwetrytodobetterthanothersinourstudy.Thereisconstantcompetitionforacademicdegrees,jobs,customers,moneyandsoforth.Inasense,competitionisoneofthemotivef
2、orces动力tothedevelopmentofsociety.1.What is the spirit of competition?.Lead-inWhat is the spirit of competition?1.What is the spirit of competition?专注专注活力活力想赢的心想赢的心Why we need competition?Competition helps inspire people to be hard working.2. Why we need competition?Why we need competition?Competitio
3、n helps inspire people to be creative.2. Why we need competition?Competitionexiststhroughouttheevolutionofnatureandeveryoneslife.Creaturescompetetosurvivethemercilessenvironment,eliminatingweakerones.Ashumanbeings,weareinvolvedincompetitionswithmanyothersaroundus,includingtakingexaminations,huntingf
4、orjobsandstrivingforpromotion,theresultsofwhichcanoftendetermineourfate.Brainstormingatleast10commonlyusedwordsrelatedtocompetition. competitioncompetitorcooperationcreativitychallengeteam workexcellencehard workwinlose.capability.Englishproverbs1.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.一人计短，二人计长。/集思广益。/（三个臭皮匠，顶个诸
5、葛亮。）2.Thenatureselects,thefittestsurvives.物竞天择，适者生存。3.Stormsmaketreestakedeeperroots.风暴使树木深深扎根。4.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。（谁能笑到最后，才是真正的赢家。）5.Theonlywaytodifferentiateyourselffromcompetitionisthroughservice.只有良好的服务才能使你在竞争中凸显。Text-relatedinformationJackRobinsonBefore you can say Jack Robi
6、nson=very soon Jack Robinson is a name that is a common figure of speech used to dindicate a very short period of time. It originated from the stroy:Jack was a man who paid such brief visits to acquaintances that there was scarcely time to announce his arrival before he had departed.ProverbsaboutJac
7、k1.every man Jack 每人；人人每人；人人Alltheworkerswantapayincrease,everymanJackofthem.全体工人都要求加工资。2.All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill.谚语：有情人终成着属。【Jack and Jill】在这句谚语中Jack和Jill不是具体的某一个男、女，而是对男、女的通称。EveryJackhashisJill.（人各有偶。）3.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.谚语：只工作不玩，聪明的孩子也会变傻。Discourse Analys
8、is1. Main IdeaMany people dread competition for many reasons, and this will result in negative and destructive consequences. The author of this text encourages people to take a positive and rational attitude towards competition by analyzing in detail the accepted activities and measures you should t
9、ake in a fair competition.Only in such a way, can you become more competitive and a true winner.2. Writing StyleThis text is a piece of expository writing, 说明文focusing on the fear that people encounter in competition, and the positive attitude people should take in competition. The organization of t
10、he text is clear and concise.The author begins the passage by pointing out that the fear of competition is destructive and counter-productive. Then in the next few paragraphs, the author cites different competition situations, in which people take negative attitude, fearing and worrying when facing
11、competitions. After that, the author moves on to point out that people should treat competition in a positive attitude. To make his point reasonable and persuasive, the writer offers his analysis from different angles in great detail. In the end, the author draws the conclusion that a person facing
12、a competitor may become a true winner when engaging in the competition in an optimistic way.3. Division of the TextPart One (Paras.1-5) Thefearofcompetitionisdestructiveandcounter-productive.Threeexamplesareusedtoillustratethebadeffectsbroughtbythenegativeattitudetocompetition.Part Two(Paras.6-13).A
13、nalysisofhowwemayviewcompetitioninapositiveway.Adetailedexplanationoftheactivitiesandmeasureswemaytakeincompetition.Part Three(Para.14) Theconclusionisdrawnthatyoumaybecomeatruewinnerwhenbearinganoptimisticattitudetocompetition.Words, Phrases and Grammatical Points1. Many people fear competition, re
14、gardless of where it is coming from. 很多人不管很多人不管竞争来自何争来自何处，都一味地惧怕，都一味地惧怕。1)whereitiscomingfrom是一个宾语从句，it指competition。2)regardless of:payingnoattentionto不管，不顾，不考虑Words, Phrases and Grammatical Points1. Many people fear competition, regardless of where it is coming from. 很多人不管很多人不管竞争来自何争来自何处，都一味地惧怕，都一味
15、地惧怕。1)whereitiscomingfrom是一个宾语从句，it指competition。2)regardless of:payingnoattentionto不管，不顾，不考虑Shesayswhatshethinksregardlessofotherpeoplesfeelings.她想怎么说就怎么说，根本不管其他人的感受。Religionacceptsallpeople,regardlessofwhatnationalityorraceyouare.宗教是面对所有人的，毫无国籍和种族之见。2. counter-productive a.tendingtohinderratherthan
16、serveonespurpose反效果的，达不到预期目标的，事与愿违的Itscounter-productivetobetootough;itjustmakethestaffresentful.过于严厉则适得其反，使全体工作人员愤愤不平。Theargumentatthispointwillbecounter-productivetofurtherdevelopment.在这一点上争论不休，对进一步的发展是不利的。注意，前注意，前缀“counter-”可加在名可加在名词，动词，形容，形容词前，表示前，表示“反反，逆，逆”、“回回击，反，反击”和和“对应的的”等含等含义。如本课文中的另一单词cou
17、nteract（对抗，抵制，阻碍；抵消，中和）。常见的由counter-构成的词汇有：counter-attraction(n.反引力，对抗物)counter-attack(n./v.反击，反攻)counterclaim(n.反要求，反诉)counter-clockwise(a.逆时针)counter-intelligence(n.反情报，反间谍)countermeasure(n.对策)counterpart(n.对应人或物，副本)counterplot(n.反计，对策)counter-revolution(a.反革命)counterterrorism(n.反恐，反暴行)3. You fear
18、 the competition that the fresh hand brings. You fear he or she would take the spotlight away from you. 你惧怕新人你惧怕新人带来的来的竞争，惧怕他争，惧怕他们会会让你黯然失色。你黯然失色。1)fresh hand:anewcomer,greenhand生手，新手，没有经验的人Heisafreshhandinthedigitalcompany.他是这家数码公司的新手。Dontblamehim.Afterall,heisafreshhand.不要责怪他，毕竟他只是一位新手。 2) spotlig
19、ht n.(1)thecenterofattention;stronglightdirectedontoaparticularplaceorperson公众注意，关注Helikestobeinthespotlight.他喜欢出风头。Shemadeuphermindtolivebeyondthespotlight.她下定决心去过低调的生活。(2)stronglightdirectedontoaparticularplaceorperson聚光灯Thenthespotlightcenteredonus,andasilencefellaswestartedtoplay.当聚光灯射向我们，全场顿时静了
20、下来，于是我们开始演奏。Aspotlightpiercedthedarkness.聚光灯穿透了黑暗。4. before you can say Jack Robinson: allofasudden,soon转眼间，突然HeranoffbeforeIcouldsayJackRobinson.他一溜烟跑掉了。IhaventwrittenmyblogfortwoweeksbeforeyoucansayJackRobinson.转眼之间，我已经有两周时间没写博客了5. threat n.1)astatementyoutellsbthatyouwillpunishorharmthem,especial
21、lywhentheydonotdowhatyouwantthemtodo威胁，恐吓tomakeathreatagainstsb对某人进行威胁Hereceivedadeaththreatfromtheright-winggroup.他收到了右翼集团的死亡恐吓。2)thepossibilityoftrouble,disasterordanger凶兆，征兆Theancientarchitectureisunderthreatfromthenewcitydevelopment.新的城市发展正威胁着古代建筑的生存。Thereisarealthreatofwar.确有战争的征兆。3)apersonorat
22、hingthatislikelytocausetrouble,danger,etc构成威胁的人，形成威胁的事物Heisunlikelyathreattothestarplayer.他不会对这位明星球员形成威胁。Publichealthofficialsnowsaythediseaseisundercontrolandisnotapublichealththreat.公共卫生官员日前宣布，这种疾病已经得到控制并且不会对大众健康造成威胁。6. respond to: dosthasareactiontosth对做出反应Thepatientdidnotrespondtotreatment.病人经治疗
23、后未见起色。Theywereprompttorespondtoourcallforhelp.他们对我们的求助做出迅速回应。7. We are not living on an island. We live in a diversified, free world where no individual has complete control over everything. 我我们不是生活在一个孤不是生活在一个孤岛上。我上。我们生活在一个多元化的、生活在一个多元化的、自由的世界里，在自由的世界里，在这个世界上没有任何一个人能完全控个世界上没有任何一个人能完全控制每一件事情。制每一件事情。1
24、) diversifieda.havingavarietyofcharactersorformsorcomponents,orhavingincreasedvariety多样化的，各种各样的Ourservicesatisfiedallthediversifiedcustomersfromdifferentcountriesandregions.我们的服务满足了来自世界各地和各个地区的各种各样的顾客。2) have control over:exerciseauthoritativeordominatinginfluenceover对控制Manyscholarsbelievehumanbeing
25、shavecontroloverthepresentandthefuture,butwereallydont.很多学者认为，人类可以控制现在和未来，其实我们不能。Youhavecontroloverwhatyouputinyourbody.想吃什么食物，每个人都有自主权。8. compel v. force,driveorconstrain强迫，强制，迫使Nothingcancompelmetodosuchathing.没有什么可以强迫我做这件事。Finallythesonfeltcompelledtovisithismother.最后儿子不得不去看望他母亲。9. excel v. doorb
26、ebetterthan,surpass,distinguishoneself胜出，优于，超过Ifyourtalentcombineswithdiligence,youcanexcelinyourpursuit.如果你把天赋与勤奋结合起来,你会在所追求的事业中出类拔萃。Iamagoodshot,buteveninthishelearnttoexcelme.我的枪法很准，但即使在这方面他也胜过了我。10. Instead, the existence of those competitors would stimulate us to proceed to excellence. 事事实上，上，竞
27、争可以使我争可以使我们出出类拔萃，拔萃，变得得优秀。秀。1) stimulate v. encouragesthtohappen,develop,orimprove;makesomeonefeelinterestedinlearningnewthings刺激，激励，鼓励Implementmeasurestoincreasedomesticdemandandstimulatethedomesticfoodconsumption.落实扩大内需措施，拉动国内食物消费。Goodteacher-studentrelationshipistheprerequisitetostimulatestudents
28、interestinlearning.良好的师生关系是激发学生学习兴趣的前提。2) proceed v. goforwardoronward,especiallyafteraninterruption,continue;begintocarryonanactionoraprocess进行，继续；开始行动Theconferencewillproceedasplanned.会议将会如期进行。Ourplanshavebeengivengreenlighttoproceed.我们计划被准许实施了。11. indulge in:allowoneselfunrestrainedgratificationi
29、ndoingsth,yieldtothedesiresandwhimsofdoingsth,especiallytoanexcessivedegree沉溺于，沉迷于，迷恋于Ascollegestudents,weshouldnotindulgeinthevirtualworld;weshouldbedown-to-earth.作为大学生，我们不应该沉溺于虚拟世界，而应该脚踏实地。Besidesdramaarethereanytypesofliteraryworksthatyouindulgein?除了戏剧，你还喜欢其他的文学作品吗?12. better off: bebetterincondi
30、tion;welloff状况更好；富裕Wewouldbebetteroffwithoutthemasneighbours.要是没有这家邻居，我们的日子会好得多。13. maintenance n. workthatisdonetokeepsthsuchasabuilding,machine,orpieceofequipmentrepairedandingoodcondition保持，维持，维护Thisinsurancepolicydoesnotcovervehiclemaintenancecosts.这份保单不包含机动车维修费用。Thebusterminalwasclosedformainte
31、nance.汽车站因为维修而关闭。14. win over: gainsbssupportorfavor,especiallybypersuasion争取过来，赢过来；获得支持Winoverallwhocanbewonover.争取一切可以争取的人。Ourproductissuretowinoverthoseofourcompetitors.我们的产品肯定会胜过我们对手的产品。15. Some people react to the upcoming competition by refusing to offer their hands to their perceived competit
32、ors in need. 有些人面有些人面对即将到来的即将到来的竞争，其反争，其反应是拒是拒绝给困境中假困境中假想想敌人提供帮助。人提供帮助。1) react to:behave,respondto对做出反应Asteacherswemustletthestudentsknowhowtoreacttodifferentsituations.作为教师，我们应该让学生们知道如何针对不同情况做出反应。Themanagementreactstothedemandsofworkersbyincreasingtheirwages.资方对工人的要求做出反应，就是提高他们的工资。2) perceived a.
33、detectedbyinstinctorinferenceratherthanbyrecognizedperceptualcues注意到的，觉察到的，认识到的Thiswasnot,however,fullyperceivedatthattime.但是，这一点在当时还没有被人完全理解。Hefoughtviolentlytotheperceivedthreattohissafety.他感到自己的人身安全受到威胁而进行了激烈反击。3) in need: indangerordifficulty;nothavingenoughmoneyorfood在危难中；贫困的Afriendinneedisafri
34、endindeed.患难见真情。Hetreatspeoplewithenthusiasm;andheoftenhelpspeopleinneed.他待人热情，经常帮助困境中的人们。16. impetus n. aforcethatmovessthalong动力，推动力，刺激，促进Manypeoplemaintainthateducationisthestrongimpetusofthesocialdevelopment.很多人认为，教育是社会发展的强大推动力。WhatishisimpetusoflearningEnglish?他学习英语的动力是什么？17. engage in: involve
35、oneselfinorbecomeoccupiedwith,participatein从事；忙于；参加Thisenterpriseengagesinbothimportandexportbusinesses.这家企业经营进出口业务。Ifyouengageinpoliticalaffairs,youhavenotimeforyourfamily.假如你要从事政治事务，你就没有时间和家人在一起。18. lurk v. lieinwait,waitinhidingtoattack潜藏，潜伏，埋伏Dangerslurkinthepathofwilderness.这条荒野的小路上潜伏着危险。Heisus
36、uallylurkingsomewherenearthebar.他经常出没在酒吧附近。19. fold up: collapse,breakdown倒闭，垮台，垮掉，倒塌Thenewrestaurantfoldupinlessthanayear.这家新餐厅不到一年就歇业了。Whatheoughttodo,hethought,wastofoldupthatplant.他想，现在当务之急是让那家工厂垮掉。20. endeavor v.attemptbyemploymentorexpenditureofeffort尽力，努力，竭力Weshouldendeavortobeconsiderateofot
37、hers.我们都应该尽力为别人着想。Teachersshouldendeavortogainprofessionalproficiencyandimproveteachingskills.教师们应该刻苦钻研业务，提高教学水平。21. bring out: showsthclearly,revealsth;causesthtoappear使显示，使明显；拿出，推出Iwanttobringoutclearlyalltheissuesthatareinvolved.我想把涉及的问题都清楚地提出来。Nosoonerdoyoubuyacomputerthantheybringoutanewonewhic
38、hreplacesit.你买电脑后不久，他们就会推出新产品取代它。Comprehension and Discussion1.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1). The writer holds that the fear of competition is destructive and counter-productive.2). They fear fresh hands in a company because they are afraid that the fresh hands may bring along com
39、petition and take the spotlight away from them.3). The guy may be a threat to the ego of other students, who tend to worry that he seems to have become the apple of the teachers eye.4). Because it is unnecessary for people to fear competition since every one has his own unique features and no indivi
40、dual has complete control over everything.5). Competition should compel us to excel, and the existence of those competitors would stimulateus to proceed to excellence.6). To be better off, people should see the competition as motivation to give it their best instead of fighting their competitors lik
41、e enemies.7).If we meet a strong competitor, we shouldnt counteract him. We should win him over to our side and make him part of our team. Only in this way can we become stronger.8). Because they fear that their assistance is likely to make their friends more successful.9).People should take into co
42、nsideration that even if you succed in destroying your competitors, their skills and knowledge will disapper with them, and you will lose the opportunity to learn from those qualities, thus you will not become any better.10). We should face the competition in an optimistic way and endeavor to inspir
43、e our competitors to healthy competition in which we are both the winners.2.Workinpairstochoosethebestanswerforeachofthefollowingitemsaccordingtothetext.1).D 2).B3).A4).C5).B Words and Expressions1.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.1). compelled 2).threat 3).
44、fussy 4).perceived 5).counteract 6). impetus7). respond8).diminish9).insightful10).endeavoring2.Replacethebold-facedpartswithwordsorexpressionsfromthetext. lurkingnightmaresbetter offstimulatestand your groundin needscaredmotivationdestructiveunproductive3.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollo
45、wingsentences.CDDABABCBAII.SentencePatterns1.pattern:is a small library in itselfstands on the top of the hill all by itselfwill wake up by himselfto say for yourselfkeep it between/among/to ourselves2.Patternwhenthetreesturnyelloweachyearshehasgrownmuchtallerthathealmostfellasleepwhiledrivingheforc
46、edhimselftoliestillotherwiseitwillgobadthenextdayIII. Translation1.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishbyusingthewordsandphrasesgiveninthebrackets.These learning strategies enabled him to excel in his class as a top student.After drinking a glass of water, mother proceeded to tell me her amazin
47、g experience of the day.We indulged in an expensive dinner after the concert. The company manager has promised to raise our pay, but he is now dragging his feet. Difficulties are not necessarily bad, for they can bring out the best qualities of a person.2.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.很多
48、人不管竞争来自何处，都一味地惧怕。毋庸很多人不管竞争来自何处，都一味地惧怕。毋庸置疑，这种惧怕竞争的态度是有害的，而且会适置疑，这种惧怕竞争的态度是有害的，而且会适得其反。得其反。你惧怕新人带来的竞争，惧怕他们会让你黯然失你惧怕新人带来的竞争，惧怕他们会让你黯然失色。色。我们生活在一个多元化的、自由的世界里，在这我们生活在一个多元化的、自由的世界里，在这个世界上没有任何一个人能完全控制每一件事情。个世界上没有任何一个人能完全控制每一件事情。你也可以通过改善人际关系以及客户关你也可以通过改善人际关系以及客户关系来面对竞争。系来面对竞争。你没必要通过损伤或摧毁假想中的敌人你没必要通过损伤或摧毁假想中的敌人方式来衬托你的形象。实际上他和你一方式来衬托你的形象。实际上他和你一样，只是在从事极为正常的生活而已。样，只是在从事极为正常的生活而已。See U andDo Remember Keep Smiling结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！66
