最新复件四级写作讲义ppt课件幻灯片

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1、复件四级写作讲义复件四级写作讲义pptppt课件课件时间流程表时间流程表8:50-9:00试音时间试音时间9:00-9:10播放考场指令,发放作文考卷播放考场指令,发放作文考卷9:10取下耳机,开始作文考试取下耳机,开始作文考试作文(作文(9:10-9:40)9:35发放含有快速阅读的试题册发放含有快速阅读的试题册快速阅读(快速阅读(9:40-9:55)9:55-10:00收答题卡一收答题卡一10:00-11:20所有题目在答题卡二上作答所有题目在答题卡二上作答听力(听力(10:00-10:35)仔细阅读理解(仔细阅读理解(10:35-11:00)完形填空(完形填空(11:00-11:15)翻

2、译(翻译(11:15-11:20)收答题卡二)收答题卡二写作总论写作总论写作部分考核的技能是:A.A.思想表达思想表达1).表达中心思想2).表达重要或特定信息3).表达观点、态度等B.B.篇章组织篇章组织4).围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述,突出重点5).连贯地组句成段,组段成篇写作总论写作总论C.C.语言运用语言运用6).运用恰当的词汇7).运用正确的语法8).运用合适的句子结构9).使用正确的标点符号10).运用衔接手段表达句间关系(如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等)D.D.写作格式写作格式11).运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式写作总论写作总论评分标准:评分标准:2-42-4分分

3、条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或在部分条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或在部分句子均有错误,且多数严重错误。句子均有错误,且多数严重错误。5-75-7分分 基本切题。表达思想不清楚,连贯性差。有较多基本切题。表达思想不清楚,连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。的严重语言错误。 8-108-10分分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚,文字基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚,文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多勉强连贯;语言错误相当多, ,其中有一些是严重错误。其中有一些是严重错误。 11-1311-13分分 切题。表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语切题。表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。言错误。

4、14-1514-15分分 切题。表达思想清楚,条理清晰,语言通顺,切题。表达思想清楚,条理清晰,语言通顺,连贯性好。基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错误。连贯性好。基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错误。应试技巧应试技巧一一.审题构思审题构思二二布局谋篇布局谋篇/草拟提纲草拟提纲三内容写作三内容写作四检查修改四检查修改Writingsteps1:dopreparationsforwriting(5minutes)a:understandthetopicindetailfirstlyb:writeanoutlineforthecompositionc:putkeyrelevantwordsdownacco

5、rdingtotheoutline2:scratchoffthebeginningandendingforacomposition(5minutes)3:accomplishyourwriting(15minutes)4:checkyourcomposition(5minutes)一、审题一、审题主题主题题型:题型:文字命题:文字命题:明确的标题明确的标题和和提纲要点提纲要点或或起始句起始句图表命题:图表命题:图表图表或或相应的文字提示信息相应的文字提示信息应用文应用文体裁:体裁:议论文议论文,说明文,记叙文说明文,记叙文和和应用文应用文从近些年看,四级作文不是单一的体裁,而是几种体裁的糅合体

6、。二布局谋篇,确定文章段落结构1.将文章合理分段:通常为将文章合理分段:通常为3-5段,并且基本上段,并且基本上包括包括开头,主体,结尾开头,主体,结尾三个部分。三个部分。2.确定相应的写作方法。检查文章写作角度是确定相应的写作方法。检查文章写作角度是否合理:否合理:是否适合文章主题的体现。是否适合文章主题的体现。先列出内容的主干,确定每段的主题句内容,先列出内容的主干,确定每段的主题句内容,再一一增加细节,最终形成完整的内容提纲。再一一增加细节,最终形成完整的内容提纲。3.条理条理二布局谋篇,确定文章段落结构3.条理条理保证不跑题是写作当中第一重要任务,第二个重要任务就是条理清楚。对于议论文

7、来说,正反面论述要清楚。对于说明文来说,1、2、3条要清楚,对于描述文要来,谁干什么要清楚。衔接过度及逻辑关系(转折,因果,比较,举例)四级作文题型四级作文题型现象解释型:现象解释型:对比(利弊)分析型;对比(利弊)分析型;问题解决(途径方法)型;问题解决(途径方法)型;观点论证型;观点论证型;图表作文图表作文;应用文。应用文。四级作文四级作文现象解释型现象解释型这类作文多为提纲式作文或图表式作文,说明文体裁。这类这类作文多为提纲式作文或图表式作文,说明文体裁。这类命题要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释,并加以评论。这类命题要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释,并加以评论。这类作文的基本模式是:作文的基

8、本模式是:第一段:描述现象,引起话题;第一段:描述现象,引起话题;第二段:分析现象,解释或阐述这种现象或存在的原因;第二段:分析现象,解释或阐述这种现象或存在的原因;第三段:针对现象做出评论,提出建议或总结观点。第三段:针对现象做出评论,提出建议或总结观点。Title:OnJob-hoppingOutline 1 jobhoppingisacommonphenomenon 2 thereasonsforjobhopping: low income; great pressure; less likely to be promoted3 theresultofjobhopping: lack o

9、f experience and training 4 solutionsoradviceforsettlingtheproblem astoindividuals: learn to adapt to jobs asfarascompaniesareconcerned, in the long run, it is better to accommodate employees income for the sake of its development 四级作文四级作文现象解释型现象解释型例:例:2007.12Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30mi

10、nutestowriteashortpassageentitledWhatElectivestoChoose.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingheoutlinegivenbelow:1.各大学为学生开设了多种多样的选修课各大学为学生开设了多种多样的选修课2.学生出于各种原因选择不同的选修课学生出于各种原因选择不同的选修课3.以我自己为例以我自己为例四级作文四级作文现象解释型现象解释型范文范文WhatElectivestoChooseNowadays,thereexistawiderangeofselectivecoursesincollege whi

11、ch are ready for the undergraduates to choosefrom. These courses make the students college life morecolorful. However, as for the purpose of choosing theselectivecourses,differentstudentshavedifferentopinions.Somestudentschoosemoreselectivecoursesjusttogetmoreknowledge,sothattheycouldbewell-prepared

12、forthefuture job hunting, and find a satisfactory job. Somestudentsjustwanttoextendtheirinterests.Somestudentsbelievethattheknowledgeinthetextbookislimited,thustheyshouldchoosemorecoursesinorderthattheycanenjoy四级作文四级作文现象解释型现象解释型amorecolorfulcollegelife.Andtheothershavenodefiniteaimbuttofinishtheirst

13、udies.As far as I am concerned, I just want to learn moreknowledgeformyfuturelifeandjob.AndIdontcareaboutthescoresorthegradeIwouldhavegot.Ijustwanttobeamanwithsharp,vividandimaginativemindwithdifferentknowledgewhichisnotlimitedtomymajor.SoIthinkmoreknowledge can make my future life easier and morein

14、teresting.四级作文四级作文现象解释型写作模板现象解释型写作模板Recently,.描述现象,引起话题描述现象,引起话题Whatamazesusmostis表现较为典型的一个方面表现较为典型的一个方面Itistruethat.对于现象做出的评论对于现象做出的评论Therearemanyreasonsexplaining承上启下承上启下,解释解释这一现象的原因这一现象的原因Themainreasonis说明原因一说明原因一Whatismore,原因二原因二四级作文四级作文现象解释型写作模板现象解释型写作模板Thirdly,原因三原因三Asaresult,.讲述导致的结果讲述导致的结果Co

15、nsideringallthese,.作者的态度作者的态度Foronething,.观点一观点一11Foranother,.11观点二观点二12Inconclusion,.12总结全文总结全文四级作文四级作文现象解释型现象解释型WritingExercise:Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortpassageentitledOnSelf-employmentofCollegeGraduates.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingheoutlinegivenbelow:1.政

16、府鼓励大学毕业生自主创业,对具有创新意识的开发项政府鼓励大学毕业生自主创业,对具有创新意识的开发项目给予一定的经济支持。目给予一定的经济支持。2.产生这一现象的原因。产生这一现象的原因。3.我的观点。我的观点。四级作文四级作文对比选择型对比选择型这类作文多为提纲式作文,议论文体裁。通常首先论述相反这类作文多为提纲式作文,议论文体裁。通常首先论述相反的两个观点,或分析评论某一社会现象的优缺点,然后给出的两个观点,或分析评论某一社会现象的优缺点,然后给出自己的见解和看法,是四级考试中最常见的一种作文形式。自己的见解和看法,是四级考试中最常见的一种作文形式。这类作文的基本模式是:分四个自然段来论述。

17、这类作文的基本模式是:分四个自然段来论述。第一段:概述现状,引起话题第一段:概述现状,引起话题第二段:论述一些人对某一事物或现象的看法,或某一事物第二段:论述一些人对某一事物或现象的看法,或某一事物的优点;的优点;第三段:论述另一些人对此事物或现象的看法,或某一事物第三段:论述另一些人对此事物或现象的看法,或某一事物的缺点;的缺点;第四段:表明自己的观点,结束全文。第四段:表明自己的观点,结束全文。在在写写这这类类作作文文时时,特特别别要要注注意意在在对对比比的的段段落落之之间间使使用用一一些些表表示示转转折折关关系系的的词词汇汇或或句句子子,如如:however,on the otherha

18、nd,incontrastwith/to等,使文章看起来流畅自然。等,使文章看起来流畅自然。四级作文四级作文对比选择型对比选择型例:例:2006.12Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutetowriteashortessayentitledSpringFestivalGalaonCCTV.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1.许多人喜欢在除夕观看春节联欢晚会许多人喜欢在除夕观看春节联欢晚会2.有些人却提出取消春节联欢晚会有些人却提出取消春节联欢晚会3.在我看来

19、在我看来四级作文四级作文对比选择型对比选择型范文:范文:TheSpringFestivalGalaperformedonCCTV onNewYearsEve,asaformofcelebrationofChineselunarNewYear, has been considered indispensable by all Chinesepeople for over two decades. People are accustomed toenjoyingthegrandsightandsounditpresentsasabrilliantfeast.However, there are m

20、ore and more people claiming tocancelitinrecentyears.Withtheroaringdevelopmentofeconomy, various mass media come out like the bambooshoots after spring rain. As a result, more fascinatingprograms are available in the daily life. Moreover, theprogram at Spring Festival Gala has remained nearly thesam

21、efromsinceitwasborn.四级作文四级作文对比选择型对比选择型AsfarasIamconcerned,Iprefertheprogramtostay.Becauseitservesnotonlyasentertainmentbutanoccasionforthefamiliestogather,chatandlaugh.Ofcourseitissupposedtobeimprovedtodrawattention,withmorediverseforms.Inaword,theSpringFestivalGalaisatraditionandtreasureoftheChines

22、epeople,andwestillneedit,maybeabetterone.四级作文四级作文对比选择型作文模板对比选择型作文模板Topic:1.Whenitcomesto,differentpeopleholddifferentviews.两种观点的争论两种观点的争论焦点焦点2.Somecontendthat.观点一观点一3.Foronething,.观点一的理由观点一的理由14.Foranother,.观点二的理由观点二的理由25.Inspiteofalltheseclaims,othersmaintainthat与与观点一对立的观点二观点一对立的观点二四级作文四级作文对比选择型作文模

23、板对比选择型作文模板6.Theypointoutthat.观点二的理由观点二的理由17.Anotherinstanceoftencitedisthat.观点二的理由观点二的理由28.Itsnoeasytasktofindasatisfactoryanswertotheissue.小结论小结论9.Asforme,theressometruthtobotharguments.引入引入自己的观点自己的观点10.Itsadvisableto.个人的结论个人的结论四级作文四级作文对比选择型对比选择型WritingExercise:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestow

24、riteashortpassageentitledRecreationalActivities.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.娱乐活动多种多样娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可以使人们受益,也可能带来危害娱乐活动可以使人们受益,也可能带来危害3.作为大学生,我认为作为大学生,我认为四级作文四级作文对比选择型对比选择型Itgoeswithoutsayingthatthereareawidevarietyofrecreationalactivitiesnowadays,whichmaycatertothenee

25、dsofdifferentpeople.Thosewholovesportscanplayfootball,basketballortennisastheylike;meanwhile,othersmayfindmorepleasureinplayingcardsormahjong.四级作文四级作文对比选择型对比选择型Whilesomerecreationalactivitiesarebeneficial,otheractivitiescandoharmtopeople.Acaseinpointfortheformersituationissportsandgames.Theseactivit

26、iescanhelpimprovepeopleshealthandmentalwell-being.Whatsmore,theycanenhancefriendshipamongpeople,justastheBeijingOlympicswilldo.Ontheotherhand,ifpeoplepreferbadactivities,theywillhavetosuffer.Forexample,manypeopleprefergambling,andwhentheylosemoney,someofthemwillcommitcrimes.四级作文四级作文对比选择型对比选择型Asacoll

27、egestudent,Iholdtothebeliefthatweshouldengageinhealthyandusefulrecreationalactivitiesandstayawayfromtheharmfulones.Onlyinthiswayareweabletobuildaharmonioussocietyinourcountry.四级作文四级作文问题解决型问题解决型这类作文一般为提纲式作文,多为说明文。这类作文一般为提纲式作文,多为说明文。通常首先提出一个有待解决的问题,然后要求考生就该问题提通常首先提出一个有待解决的问题,然后要求考生就该问题提出解决方法、途径,有时还要求考

28、生最后谈论适合自己的方法。出解决方法、途径,有时还要求考生最后谈论适合自己的方法。这类题型的基本模式是:这类题型的基本模式是:第一段:概述现状提出问题或阐述某件事情的重要性或意义;第一段:概述现状提出问题或阐述某件事情的重要性或意义;第二段:分析问题,提出解决问题的途径;第二段:分析问题,提出解决问题的途径;第三段:针对第二段所阐述的方法给予简要的评论,也可提出第三段:针对第二段所阐述的方法给予简要的评论,也可提出个人建议或选择,并阐述理由。个人建议或选择,并阐述理由。此题型的写作重点在此题型的写作重点在How,即解决问题的办法。,即解决问题的办法。四级作文四级作文问题解决型问题解决型例:例:

29、2001、1Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:1.面试在求职过程中的作用面试在求职过程中的作用2.取得面试成功的因素:仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知取得面试成功的因素:仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是识、自信、实事求是四级作文四级作文问题解决

30、型问题解决型范文:范文:HowtoSucceedinaJobInterviewTherehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyabouttheinterview.Itistruetothepresentsituationthattheinterviewbecomesindispensableinseekingajob.Foronething,ifajobseekercanmakethebestuseoftheinterviewandleavesagoodimpressiononthemindoftheinterviewer,hemaybeluckyenoughtogetthejo

31、bcompetedforbymanyapplicants.Foranother,ifthejobhuntergivesapoorperformanceduringtheinterview,heisunlikelytostandachance.Asisknowntoall,therearemanywaystomakeanexcellentperformanceinaninterview.Firstofall,theapplicantoughttopayattentiontohisappearanceandmannerofspeaking.Furthermore,heissupposedtodis

32、playhisability,especially四级作文四级作文问题解决型问题解决型hisgraspofprofessionalknowledgerequiredbythepositionforwhichheisapplying.Thelastbutnottheleast,areallyimpressivejobseekermustconveyasenseofself-confidenceandapracticalattitudetowardthecauseconcerned.Inbrief,iftheintervieweedisplaysthesecharacteristicsandpre

33、sentshismostattractivequalitiesduringtheinterview,theinterviewermightmakeanon-the-spotdecisiontotakehimon.Inconclusion,thejobinterviewisindeedimportant.Wedbetterpayattentiontotheskills.Accordingly,iftheintervieweehasmadefullpreparationsforitandgivenafairlyconfidentandhonestperformance,hisorhersucces

34、scanbeensured.四级作文四级作文问题解决型作文模板问题解决型作文模板Topic:1.Withtheof,.问题出现的背景问题出现的背景2.Soitisofgreatimportanceforusto.提出问题提出问题3.Ontheonehand,.问题的后果一问题的后果一4.Ontheotherhand,.问题的后果二问题的后果二5.However,wehavefiguredoutmanywaysto.提出提出解决这一问题的方法解决这一问题的方法四级作文四级作文问题解决型作文模板问题解决型作文模板6.Firstly,.解决方法一解决方法一7.Solongas.进一步说明方法一进一步

35、说明方法一8.Secondly,.方法二方法二9.Thirdly,.方法三方法三10.Infact,.提出解决问题的根本途径提出解决问题的根本途径11. Thatisbecause.11支持支持句的理由句的理由12. Inaword,.12总结全文总结全文四级作文四级作文问题解决型问题解决型WritingExercise:HowCanLaid-offWorkersFindNewJobs?1.很多下岗工人很难找到新的工作。很多下岗工人很难找到新的工作。2.如何帮助他们。如何帮助他们。四级作文四级作文问题解决型问题解决型ThemarketeconomyhasbroughtChinabothbene

36、fitsandheadaches,oneofwhichistheproblemoffindingnewjobsforlaid-offworkers.Thereisnodenyingthatserioussocialproblemswillariseunlessthisproblemisproperlysolved.Asaresult,itisessentialtoexplorewaystogetlaid-offworkersbacktowork.四级作文四级作文问题解决型问题解决型Seriousastheproblemseems,wecanfindsomesolutionstoit.Tobeg

37、inwith,priorityshouldbegiventotheexpansionoftertiaryindustry(第三产业第三产业)becausetertiaryindustrycancreateagreatnumberofpositionswithfewrestrictionsonage,education,skill,etc.Also,littlecapitalisneededtosetupenterprisesinthisfield.Inaddition,thelaid-offworkershavetoupdatetheirskillstomeetthedemandsofthes

38、ociety,justastheoldsayinggoes,“Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.” 四级作文四级作文问题解决型问题解决型Lastbutnotleast,theyshouldstoprelyingonthestateandthrowawayanyworriesabouttheir“face”whiledoing“low”jobssuchaswashingdishesatrestaurantsorsendingnewspaperstohouseholds.Oncethehabitofdependencyiscracked,thenthecountryca

39、nmakeotherpolicychangesaimedatimprovingtheirlivingstandards.四级作文四级作文观点论证型观点论证型这一类作文多为提纲式作文,议论文体裁,通常是围绕某一这一类作文多为提纲式作文,议论文体裁,通常是围绕某一事物或观点进行论证,有时以格言或谚语为议论对象,要求事物或观点进行论证,有时以格言或谚语为议论对象,要求考生提供论据加以说明。考生提供论据加以说明。第一段:总结描述,概括当今社会存在的某种观点。第一段:总结描述,概括当今社会存在的某种观点。第二段:列出论据,说明观点成立的理由。第二段:列出论据,说明观点成立的理由。第三段:得出结论或表明个

40、人看法或做法。第三段:得出结论或表明个人看法或做法。注意表明自己观点的时候要清楚明白,不能含含糊糊。注意表明自己观点的时候要清楚明白,不能含含糊糊。例:例:2003、1Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicItPaystoBeHonest.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.1.当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象2.诚实利人利已,做人应该诚实诚实利人利已,做人应该诚实四级

41、作文四级作文观点论证型观点论证型范文范文Itiswell-knownthatnowadaysdishonestyisacommonphenomenoninsociety.Forexample,manypeoplewouldspendalotofmoneyonafakediplomainordertogetagoodjob.Andpoorstudentstendtocheatonexams.Whatsmore,greedyadvertisersmaylurecustomersintobuyingfakecommodities.四级作文四级作文观点论证型观点论证型Theresnodoubtthat

42、honestyisalwaysseenasanimportantpartofthehumancharacter.Firstofall,ifyoutreatothersfairly,thoseassociatingwithyouwillcertainlyprofitfromyoursincerity.Meanwhile,asenseoftrustbuildsupintheirhearts,which,inturn,willearnyoumoretruefriends.Andthatwillbenefityouinthelongrun.Therefore,itisessentialforevery

43、onetomaintainanhonestattitudetowardsthewholesociety.Inaword,honestywinstrust,respectandhonor.Itpaystobehonest.四级作文四级作文观点论证型写作模板观点论证型写作模板观点论证型模板一:观点论证型模板一:(1)Itiswellknownthat(2)Thetruthofitisself-evident.(3)Noonecandeny.(4)Therefore.(5)Manyexamplescanbefoundtoprove.(6)Takeasatypicalexample.(7)People

44、_.(8)Furthermore.(9)Itgoeswithoutsayingthat.(10)Then.(11)Thereisnodoubtthat.(12)Inconclusion.四级作文四级作文观点论证型写作模板观点论证型写作模板观点论证型模板二:观点论证型模板二:(1)Itisbelievedthat.(2)Thetruthisdeepandprofound.(3)Asweknow.(4)Conse-quently.(5)Acaseinpointis.(6)Thisisclosetosuggest.(7)Itistruethat_.(8)Inaddition.(9)Allmentio

45、nedabovetellsus.(10)Asamatteroffact.(11)Thereisnodenyingthat : (表格) (曲线) 3.Bar Graph(柱状) (饼状) 图表作文图表作文1) 1) 表格表格(table),(table),它表示多种事物的相互关系它表示多种事物的相互关系EDABCmnfgezpqxyoh2)2)曲线曲线(curve graph ),(curve graph ),它常用表示事物的变化趋势它常用表示事物的变化趋势: :3)3)柱状柱状(Bar Graph)(Bar Graph)它用来表示几种事物的变化情况及相互关系它用来表示几种事物的变化情况及相互

46、关系4)4)饼状饼状(Pie Graph)(Pie Graph)表示各事物在总体中所占的比例及相互关系表示各事物在总体中所占的比例及相互关系四级作文四级作文图表类图表类图表作文是四级写作中难度较大的一种写作题型。写作类图表作文是四级写作中难度较大的一种写作题型。写作类型来看,文体多以说明文和议论文为主。型来看,文体多以说明文和议论文为主。涉及涉及5个方面:描述图表、指明寓意、分析原因、联系实际、个方面:描述图表、指明寓意、分析原因、联系实际、给出建议。给出建议。写图表作文时对图表和数据内容不必全部描述,只需重点写图表作文时对图表和数据内容不必全部描述,只需重点引用能支持观点的一些数据。分析图表

47、时切不可凭空想象,引用能支持观点的一些数据。分析图表时切不可凭空想象,要善于抓住总的规律和趋势。要善于抓住总的规律和趋势。第一段:描述图表中的基本信息,即数据的变化。第一段:描述图表中的基本信息,即数据的变化。第二段第二段:论述导致数值变化的原因。论述导致数值变化的原因。第三段:描述对未来趋势的预测。第三段:描述对未来趋势的预测。图表作文常用句型图表作文常用句型Asisshowninthegraph如图所示如图所示Thegraphshowsthat图表显示图表显示Ascanbeseenfromthetable,从表格中可以看出从表格中可以看出Fromthechart,weknowthat从这张

48、表中从这张表中,我们可知我们可知Allthesedataclearlyprovethefactthat所有这些数据明显证明这一事实所有这些数据明显证明这一事实,即即Theincreaseof.inthecityhasreachedto20%.这个城市的这个城市的.增长已达到增长已达到20%.In1985,thenumberremainedthesame.1985年年,这个数字保持不变这个数字保持不变.Therewasagradualdeclinein1989.1989年年,出现了逐渐下降的情况出现了逐渐下降的情况.Useful Expressions in Graph Writing(1)Ac

49、cordingtofiguresshowninthetable/graph/chart/piewecansee/concludethat(2)Thegraphshows/tells/revealsthat(3)Asisshown/canbeseeninthechartthat(4)Thetableis/givesinformation/about(5)Thetablerepresentsthedevelopmentandchangesin(6)Afterconsideringtheinformationinthetablewemightconcludethat Directions: For

50、this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading preferences. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the chart and the outline given belowAn Example:ReadingPreferenceofStudentsinanAmericanUniversityin2010CategoriesofBooksPercentageofBooks

51、CirculationintheLibraryPopularFiction65.9%GeneralNonfiction18.2%Science/Technology/Education10.8%Art/Literature/poetry5.1% 1) 根据上表,简要描述美国 某大学学生借阅图书的分布情况. 2)你对于这些学生阅读偏爱的评论. 3)你通常喜欢阅读哪一类书籍? 说明理由.现象解释型模板一现象解释型模板一 1) We have witnessed 总体现象. 2) According to 描述图表 , 具体表现一. 3) And 具体表现二 . 4) Many reasons co

52、ntribute to 过渡句. 5)To begin with, 原因一. 6)Moreover, 原因二. 7) In addition, 原因三. 8) As a result, 导致结果. 9) As to me, 作者的看法. 10) First of all, 理由一. 11) Besides, 理由二. 12) To conclude, 总结.描描述述现现象象阐阐述述原原因因表表明明观观点点Reading Preferences (范文)(范文)1)We have witnessed that college students vary in reading preference

53、.2) According to the table of the percentage of book circulation in an American university library, the circulation of popular fictions and general nonfictions accounts for 65.9% and 18.2% respectively. 3) And the table also shows that the circulation of science / technology/education books and art

54、/ literature / poetry books is 10.8% and 5.1% respectively.4) Many reasons contribute to this phenomenon. 5) To begin with, popular fictions usually possess more appealing plots than other types of books do, so many readers are attracted by popular fiction. 6) Moreover, popular fictions and general

55、nonfictions are easier to be understood. 7) In addition, science and art books demand certain knowledge in special field of study. 8) As a result, more students tend to choose popular fictions and general nonfictions. 9) As to me, Im in favor of books of science and technology. 10) First of all, in

56、order to deepen what Im learning, I need read more books relevant to my major and observe the new development in science and technological circles. 11) Besides, these books can also broaden my vision. 12) To conclude, college students should choose books according to their interests and needs.英文书信1.

57、信头 (heading)2. 信内地址 (Inside address)3. 称呼 (Salutation)4. 正文 (Body)5. 结束语 (Complimentary close)6. 签名 (Signature)英文书信信头 (heading) 信头指的是发信人的地址以及发信日期. 一般写在信纸的右上角.先写发信的地址,地址的书写顺是由小到大,依次为: 门牌号、 街名、 城市名、省或州名、邮政编码、国名 信内地址 (Inside address)信内地址指的是收信人的姓名职务单位及地址.多见于正式的商务信件,私人信件可以省略不写.第一行写收信人姓名,第二行写地址.18 Hanzhen

58、g StreetWuhan, Hubei 430020P.R.ChinaOct. 25, 1994Dear Mr. William Madison, -Yours sincerely, Patrick BakerMr. William MadisonGeneral ManagerRoss Engineering Associates1767 Palm StreetLong Beach, CA96104U.S.A.称呼 (Salutation)称呼指对收信人的称呼.称呼语后常用逗号“,”第一类书信是写给个人. 1) 写信人认识收信人,但关系不是很亲密Dear Mr. (Miss, Dr, Pro

59、f等), 后接收信人姓氏, 如: Dear Mr. Smith, Dear Dr Tan, Dear Miss Chen, Dear President, 2) 写给朋友,两人关系较为亲密,可直呼其名,如:Dear Mary, Dear Jack, Dear Mom, 等第二类书信是写给某个团体组织或机构的1)写信人不认识其负责人,称呼语可用Dear Sir,或者Dear Sir or Madam, 2)写信人认识其负责人可称Dear Mr. Black, Dear Professor Chen.正文 (Body)正文是信的主体部分,正文每段第一行往右缩进个字母英语信件习惯上不用“你好”开头,

60、可以直接用一两句话讲明写信的目的所以正文常为三个部分:开头段,正文段和结尾段结束语 (Complimentary close)结束语是正文下面的写信人对收信人的谦称一般从信纸中央稍右的地方写起,第一个字母要大写,后面要用逗号不同的通信关系要用不同的结束语 写给公司或相识的人 Yours (very) truly /faithfully/ sincerely 写给上司或长辈 Yours (very) respectfully/ obediently, 写给亲朋好友 Miss you, Always yours, (With) best wishes, Your sincere/good frie

61、nd, your loving mother/son,签名 (Signature)署名发信人的签名写在结束语下面一行,信纸中央梢偏右的位置即便有了打印的姓名,也要加上亲笔签名,以示郑重签名时,一般写上全名IamasophomoremajoringinCivicEngineering.Iamwritingtoyoutosaysomethingaboutthecanteenserviceoncampus.Whensteppingintothebrightandspaciouscanteen,weareimmediatelyattractedbythewhitericeandthesmellofva

62、riousdishes.Theservicepersonsarealwayssmilingandfairlyenthusiasticfortheirwork.Butwegetalittlesurprisedwhenpayingforthefood,becauseitspriceistwicethatoftheuniversitynearby.Thehighpriceisthebiggestobstacleforustohaveadeliciousmeal.Onthisaccountanumberofstudentshavetochoosethefoodthatischeapandwithlit

63、tlenutrition.Itisunhealthfultoourhealthandreducestheeffectivenessinourlearning.Soitisadvisabletodropthefoodpriceinourcanteen.January 12th, 2002Dear Mr. President,Astowhatpercentageofpriceshouldbereduced,astudentpollmaybehelpful.Iamoneofthousandsofthestudentswhoarezealoustoseeouruniversitytakeefforts

64、toreducetheprice.Yoursrespectfully,LiMingscratch off the good beginning and ending of a composition2.1Adviceforthegoodbeginningofacomposition切记点题,方法如下:1.开门见山开门见山2.借用观点借用观点3.事实说话事实说话4.引用名言引用名言2.1.1开门见山.Recentlytheproblemofhasarousedpeoplescommon/greatconcern.hasbeenplayinganincreasinglyimportantrolei

65、nourday-to-daylife.Ithasbroughtusalotofbenefitsbuthascreatedsomeseriousproblemsaswell.Oneofthehottesttopicsmanypeopletalkaboutnowis.Nowpeoplebecomeincreasinglyawareofthenecessityof2.1.2借用观点(2.1.2.1引用他人观点他人观点)Itiscommonlybelieved/acknowledgedthat.Itisacommonbeliefthat.Ithasbeentakenforgrantedthat.Mos

66、tofushavetakenitforgrantedthat,butarecentsurveyrevealsasurprisingdiscovery.Everythinghastwosidesandisnotanexception.Ithasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.(2.1.2.2引用他人错误的观点错误的观点)ItisacommonmisconceptionthatThereisacommonmisconceptionthat2.1.2.3引用他人不同的观点不同的观点.Peoplesviewsonvaryfrompersontoperson.Somehol

67、dthat,however,othersbelievethat.Peoplemayhavedifferentopinionson.Whenfacedwith,somequiteafewpeopleclaimthat,butotherpeoplethinkthat.Attitudestowardsvaryfromindividualtoindividual.Differentpeopleholddifferentattitudestoward2.1.3.事实说话.Accordingtoarecentstudy/survey/statistics/chart/graph/diagram.Arece

68、ntsurveyindicates/shows/revealsthat,sosomepeopletaketheviewthat,others,however,dontthinkso.Statisticsavailablesuggestthat2.1.4引用名言Asthesaying/proverb/mottogoes:“Practicemakesperfect.”“Wherethereissmoke,thereisfire”(无风不起浪)“WhenatRome,doasRomansdo”(入乡随俗)“Morehaste,lessspeed”(欲速则不达)“Thewaterthatbearsbo

69、atisthesamethatswallowsitup.”(水能载舟也能覆舟)2.2Adviceforthegoodendingofacomposition2.2.1.展望未来,充满信心Wemayhavealongwaytogobeforewereachthefinalgoal.Butonceweareontheway,thechancetoreachisgreater.2.2.2依据事实,得出结论.Takingallthesefactorsintoconsideration/account,wenaturallycometo/draw/arriveat/reachtheconclusiont

70、hat.Fromwhathasbeendiscussed/mentionedabove,wemaysafelycometotheconclusionthat.Therefore,wecanreachthefollowingconclusionthat2.2.3提出建议,指明方向.Thereisnodoubtthatenoughconcernmustbepaidtotheproblemof.Itistimeweputspecialemphasison.Itsnecessary/urgent/essentialthatpropersteps/measuresshouldbetaken.Itsexp

71、ectedthatgreateffortsshouldbeexertedmadetoachievethegoalof2.2.4预计结果,警钟长鸣Nodoubt,unlesswetakeeffectivemeasures,itisverylikelythat.Nodoubt,ifweignoretheproblem,thereisverychancethat四级作文使用率最高的基本句式四级作文使用率最高的基本句式四级作文使用率最高的基本句式四级作文使用率最高的基本句式1表示原因表示原因1)Therearethreereasonsforthis2)Thereasonsforthisareasfol

72、lows3)Thereasonforthisisobvious4)Thereasonforthisisnotfartoseek5)Thereasonforthisisthat6)Wehavegoodreasontobelievethat例如:例如:TherearethreereasonsforthechangesthathavetakenplaceinourlifeFirstly,peopleslivingstandardhasbeengreatlyimprovedSecondly,mostpeoplearewellpaid,andtheycanaffordwhattheyneedorlike

73、Lastbutnotleast,moreandmorepeopleprefertoenjoymodernlife注:如考生写第一个句子没有把握,可将其改注:如考生写第一个句子没有把握,可将其改写成两个句子。如:写成两个句子。如:Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourlife.Therearethreereasonsforthis.这这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。四级作文使用率最高的基本句式四级作文使用率最高的基本句式2表示好处表示好处1)Ithasthefollowingadvantages2)Itdoesusalotofgood3)It

74、benefitsusquitealot4)Itisbeneficialtous5)Itisofgreatbenefittous例如:例如:BooksarelikefriendsTheycanhelpusknowtheworldbetter,andtheycanopenourmindsandwidenourhorizonsTherefore,readingextensivelyisofgreatbenefittous四级作文使用率最高的基本句式四级作文使用率最高的基本句式3表示坏处表示坏处1)Ithasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantages2)Itdoesusmuchha

75、rm3)Itisharmfultous例如:例如:However,everythingdividesintotwo(事物都(事物都是一分为二的)是一分为二的).TelevisioncanalsobeharmfultousItcandoharmtoourhealthandmakeuslazyifwespendtoomuchtimewatchingtelevision.四级作文使用率最高的基本句式四级作文使用率最高的基本句式4表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1)Itisimportant(necessary,difficult,convenient,possible)forsbtodosth2)W

76、ethinkitnecessarytodosth3)Itplaysanimportantroleinourlife例如:Computersarenowbeingusedeverywhere,whetherinthegovernment,inschoolsorinbusiness.Soon,computerswillbefoundineveryhome,too.WehavegoodreasontosaythatcomputersareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourlifeandwehavesteppedintotheComputerAge.四级作文

77、使用率最高的基本句式四级作文使用率最高的基本句式5表示措施表示措施1)Weshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasures2)Weshouldtryourbesttoovercome(conquer)thedifficulties3)Weshoulddoourutmostindoingsth4)Weshouldsolvetheproblemsthatweareconfronted(faced)with例如:例如:ThehousingproblemthatweareconfrontedwithisbecomingmoreandmoreseriousTherefore,wemustt

78、akesomeeffectivemeasurestosolveit四级作文使用率最高的基本句式四级作文使用率最高的基本句式6表示变化表示变化1)Somechangeshavetakenplaceininthepastfiveyears.2)Agreatchangewillcertainlybeproducedintheworldscommunications.3)Thecomputerhasbroughtaboutmanychangesineducation.例如:例如:Somechangeshavetakenplaceinpeoplesdietinthepastfiveyears.Thema

79、jorreasonsforthesechangesarenotfartoseek.Nowadays,moreandmorepeopleareswitchingfromgraintomeatforprotein,andfromfruitandvegetabletomilkforvitamins.四级作文使用率最高的基本句式四级作文使用率最高的基本句式7表示事实、现状表示事实、现状1)Wecannotignorethefactthat.2)Noonecandenythefactthat.3)Thereisnodenyingthefactthat.4)Thisisaphenomenonthatman

80、ypeopleareinterestedin.5)However,thatsnotthecase.四级作文使用率最高的基本句式四级作文使用率最高的基本句式例如:例如:Wecannotignorethefactthatindustrializationbringswithittheproblemsofpollution.Tosolvetheseproblems,wecanstartbyeducatingthepublicaboutthehazardsofpollution.Thegovernmentonitspartshouldalsodesignstricterlawstopromoteacl

81、eanerenvironment.四级作文使用率最高的基本句式四级作文使用率最高的基本句式8表示比较表示比较1)ComparedwithA,B.2)IprefertoreadratherthanwatchTV.3)Thereisastrikingcontrastbetweenthem.例如:例如:Comparedwithcars,bicycleshaveseveral advantages besides beingaffordable. Firstly, they do notconsumenaturalresourcesofpetroleum.Secondly,theydonotcause

82、 the pollution problem. Lastbut not least,they contribute topeopleshealthbygivingthemduephysicalexercise.四级作文使用率最高的基本句式四级作文使用率最高的基本句式9表示数量表示数量1)Ithasincreased(decreased)from.to.2)Thepopulationinthiscityhasnowincreased(decreased)to800,000.3)TheoutputofJulyinthisfactoryincreasedby15%comparedwiththatof

83、January.例如:例如:With the improvement of the livingstandard, the proportion of peoplesincome spent on food has decreased whilethatspentoneducationhasincreasedFromthegraphlistedabove,itcanbeseen that student use of computers hasincreasedfromanaverageoflessthantwohoursperweekin1990to20hoursin2000四级作文使用率最

84、高的基本句式四级作文使用率最高的基本句式10.表示看法表示看法1)Peoplehave(take,adopt,assume)differentattitudestowardstosth.2)Peoplehavedifferentopinionsonthisproblem.3)Peopletakedifferentviewsof(on)thequestion.4)Somepeoplebelievethat.Othersarguethat. 例如:例如:People have different attitudes towardsfailure. Some believe that failure

85、 leads tosuccess.Everyfailuretheyexperiencetranslatesintoagreaterchanceofsuccessattheir renewed endeavor. However, othersare easily discouraged by failures and putthemselvesintothecategoryoflosers.四级作文使用率最高的基本句式四级作文使用率最高的基本句式11表示结论表示结论1)Inshort,itcanbesaidthat.2)Itmaybebrieflysummedupasfollows.3)Fro

86、mwhathasbeenmentionedabove,wecancometotheconclusionthat.例如:例如:Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,we can come to the conclusion thatexamination is necessary, however, itsmethodshouldbeimproved.四级作文使用率最高的基本句式四级作文使用率最高的基本句式12套语套语1)Itswellknowntousthat2)Asisknowntous,3)Thisisatopicthatisbeingwidelytalkedabou

87、t4)Fromthegraph(table,chart)listedabove,itcanbeseenthat5)Asaproverbsays,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway例如:例如:Asiswellknowntous,itisimportantforthestudentstoknowtheworldoutsidecampusThereasonforthisisobvious.Nowadays,thesocietyischanginganddevelopingrapidly,andthecampusisnolongeran“ivorytower.再如:再如:Do

88、esitpaytobehonest?Thisisatopicthatisbeingwidelytalkedaboutanddifferentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsonit四四. . 四级写作时需要注意的几点事宜。四级写作时需要注意的几点事宜。1.写作过程中好多同学可能会先把中文写好再把中文翻译成英文,但是在翻译的过程中,切记不要用中式英语,比如:mancanlivehappiness。要多积累一些习惯短语和表达法,在翻译过程中尽可能多用模式化的句型,少一些逐字翻译。2.同学们可能还有一个观点,就是在作文中,复杂句越多,得分就越高。复杂句的使用能反映你对英文的掌握

89、程度。但是如果你的作文中全是复杂句,这样会影响阅卷老师的阅读,读起来很烦很不自然,考试作文中一定要长短句结合。对于一些基础差的同学,如果你不能很好的把握复杂句,还是用简单句比较好,至少简单句你不会用错。3.作文写完之后的检查。a,就是对整个文章结构的检查。对于自己写的文章,一定要把结构搞清楚,要想到别人阅读你的文章时,要一眼就能找到你的中心句,看出你文章论证的结构。b,语言错误。请一定避免简单但严重的错误。比如:单复数、主谓一致、时态、搭配和简单词的拼写。记得简单无误是写作的第一准则。4.字迹一定要工整,清晰,这是得高分的基础。一篇文章字迹的好坏有时候能起到决定性的作用。结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听!谢谢大家聆听!114

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