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1、威廉和玛丽接受1ThePeriodofRevolutionandRestorationTHE 17TH CENTURY十七世纪资产阶级革命和王朝复辟时期十七世纪资产阶级革命和王朝复辟时期21.HistoricalBackground:The17thcenturywasoneofthemosttempestuous（动乱的动乱的）periodsinEnglishhistory.AbsolutemonarchyimpededthefurtherdevelopmentofcapitalisminEngland.3lThekingsbelievedinthetheoryofthedivineright
2、ofkings（君权神授君权神授）,thepeoplesparliamentrepresentedbythepuritansbelievedinthedivinerightoftheindividualconscience（个人判断是非的神圣个人判断是非的神圣权利权利）.4lTherewerelongstrugglesmainlybetweenthepeoplesparliamentandthethrone.5The contradictions between the feudal system and the bourgeoisie（中产阶级中产阶级 ） resulted in a gre
3、at revolution which had a deep influence upon English literature at that time. 62.LiteraryCharacteristics:a.Thepuritaninfluenceingeneraltendedtosuppressliteraryart.(Thepuritansbelievedinsimplicityoflifeanddisapprovedofthesonnetsandlovepoetrywritteninpreviousperiod.)b.Theflourishofthemetaphysicalscho
4、ol（玄学派）（玄学派）endowedpoetrynewandstartlingforms.7c.Restoration（复辟时期）（复辟时期）createdaliteratureofitsownthatwasoftenwittyandclever,butonthewholeimmoralandcynical.d.TheFrenchinfluenceismostmarkedinthedrama.Therimedcoupletstooktheplaceofblankverse.（押韵的对句取代了无韵诗）（押韵的对句取代了无韵诗）83. *Representative writers:John D
5、onne（约翰邓恩): a poet of the metaphysical school John Milton(约翰约翰弥尔顿弥尔顿) : a great poet and prose writer John Bunyan(约翰约翰班扬班扬 ) : a prose writer9II.JohnDonne(1573-1631)102)hisfatherwasawell-to-doironmonger3)attheageof11,enteredHartHall4)admittedtostudylawasamemberofLincolnsInn1)borninLondontoaprosperou
6、sRomanCatholicfamilyBack1.HisLife115)in1598,appointedprivatesecretarytoSirThomasEgerton6)reluctantlyenteredtheministry7)appointedDeanofSaintPaulsin1621,apostuntilhisdeath8)in1623,diedat5812邓恩是十七世纪英国玄学派诗人，为TS艾略特特别推崇，于其中布罗茨基和这位久远年代的异国诗人.年来,学者们对约翰邓恩(15721631)的兴趣大增,尤其是现代派诗人艾略特对他更是推崇备至。邓恩曾就读于牛津和剑桥两所学校，但未
7、获任何学位。尽管他从其父处继承了一笔钱，但远远不能使他经济上获得自立。他不善经商，不得不以另一种途径在这个世界上立足。他只得依靠智慧、幽默、情趣、学识、勇敢以及别人的恩惠。他广泛阅读了神学、医学、法律和古典著作，因此在写作中，他有时显示出其不凡的学识、机智和幽默。邓恩曾在欧洲大陆游历。也曾是宫廷中潇洒倜傥、前途无量的绅士。1598年，他被任命为伊丽莎白宫廷中最重要的一位爵士的私人秘书。他的仕途似乎一片光明。邓恩也能够逢迎那些达官贵人。但是1601年，他的人生出现了重大转折。他与一位17岁少女秘密结婚，由此毁了自己的大好仕途。二人虽婚姻美满，但他上层的朋友们对他耿耿于怀，不肯原谅他。那们爵士解除
8、了邓恩的职务，并命人逮捕、拘禁了他。获释后，邓恩不得不干各种差使，以供养妻儿。30多岁的邓恩已风光不再，他疾病缠身，穷困潦倒，郁郁不乐。132.Literaryposition:thefounderofthe*MetaphysicalSchool(ItreferstothepoetswhoappearedinEnglandataboutthebeginningofthe17thcentury.TherepresentativepoetsareJohnDonneandGeorgeHerbert)14-satires-elegies-lyrics-epistles3.Hiswritingforms
9、:15-extraordinaryfrankness-penetratingrealism-cynicism4.*Hiswritingfeatures:16-extravaganthyperboles-conceits:extravagantfigures5Hiswritingtechniques:176.Closereadingof“Song”posedof3stanzasc.therhymeofeachstanzais*ababccdddd.thetheme:thedoubtoftheexistenceoftrueloveandsincerelover18III.JohnMilton(16
10、08-1674)191.HisLife1)1608，borninLondon2)educatedatStPaulsSchoolandthenatChristsCollege,Cambridge3)spentsixyearsatleisureinhisfathershome5)traveledinFranceandItalyinthelate1630s4)in1635theMiltonsmovedtoHorton,Buckinghamshire206)returnedtoLondonin1639,andsetupaschool7)servedasthesecretaryforforeignlan
11、guagesingovernment8)arrestedasanoteddefenderoftheCommonwealth9)spenttheremainingyearsofhislifeinBurnhillRow10)diedin1674inChalfont,St.Giles,BuckinghamshireBack21LiteraryCareer1. Before the Revolution Hes son of the humanists and Elizabethans. Works of this period were the true offspring of Renaissan
12、ce. 2. During the Revolution He began a long period of pamphleteering for the Puritan cause. 3. After the RestorationIts the greatest period in his literary life. Humanist and Puritan were fused into an entity. 222.*Literaryposition:agreatrevolutionarypoetofthe17thcenturyagreatmasterofblankverseHeto
13、wersoverhisageasShakespearetowersovertheElizabethanageandasChaucertowersoverthemedievalperiod.233.Paradise LosthismasterpiecethegreatestEnglishepicpoemin12booksinblankversethestory:seetextbook24254.ThePlotsofParadise Lost3.ThecreationoftheGardenofEdenandthefirstmanandwoman2.Theirdefeatandexpulsionfr
14、omHeaven1.TherebellionofSatanandhisfellowangels267.Uponhisreturntohell,Satanandhisfollowersareturnedintoserpents6.TheexileofAdamandEvefromParadise5.SatanstemptationofEve4.ThefallenangelsinhellplottingagainstGod4.ThePlotsofParadise Lost27将将夏夏娃娃交交给给亚亚当当站站在在云云端端的的上上帝帝同同时时拉拉着着亚亚当当和和夏夏娃娃的的手手，将将世世界界的的第第一一
15、个个女女人人交交给给第第一一个个男男人人2829thetheme:theheroicrevoltagainstGodsauthority3.ThemeofParadise Lost“arevoltagainstGod”,“tojustifythewaysofGodtomen”APuritansrevoltagainsttheestablishedDoctrineoftheCatholicsandtheAnglicanChurch30Paradise Lost Book INinetimesthespacethatmeasuresdayandnightTomortalmen,hewithhish
16、orridcrewLayvanished,rollinginthefierygulfConfoundedthoughimmortal.ButhisdoomReservedhimtomorewrath;fornowthethoughtBothoflosthappinessandlastingpainTormentshim;roundhethrowshisbalefuleyesThatwitnessedhugeafflictionanddismayMixedwithobdurateprideandsteadfasthate.31大约九天九夜，那是根据人间的计算，大约九天九夜，那是根据人间的计算，他
17、和他那一伙可怕的徒众，他和他那一伙可怕的徒众，虽属不死之身，却与死者无异，虽属不死之身，却与死者无异，沉沦辗转在烈火的深渊中；沉沦辗转在烈火的深渊中；这个刑罚却反激起他更深的愤怒，这个刑罚却反激起他更深的愤怒，既失去了幸福，又饱受无尽痛苦的折磨。既失去了幸福，又饱受无尽痛苦的折磨。当他抬起忧虑的双眼，环顾四周，当他抬起忧虑的双眼，环顾四周，伴随他的是莫大的隐忧和烦恼，伴随他的是莫大的隐忧和烦恼，交织着顽固的傲气和难消的仇恨。交织着顽固的傲气和难消的仇恨。32*ImageofSatan:arealhero,themouthpieceofMilton1.Heistherealherowiththe
18、unconqueredwillandcouragenevertosubmitoryield.2.ItishewhomakesmanrevoltagainstGod.3.HeisthespiritquestioningtheauthorityofGod.4.HerepresentstheproudandsombrepoliticalpassionsofthepersecutedRepublicansafterRestoration.33Importance1)thegreatestEnglishrevolutionarypoetofthe17thcentury2)wrotethegreatest
19、epicinEnglishliterature,withShakespeareregardedastwopatternsofEnglishverse344)agreatstylist,famousforhisgrandstyle3)amasteroftheblankverse,firstusedblankverseinnon-dramaticworks351628-168836JohnBunyanLikeMilton,Bunyanisaremarkablefigureinthe17thcenturyEnglishliterature.WhileMiltonvoicedthePuritanide
20、alsfortheeducatedclass,Bunyanspokeforthecommonpeople.371.Life:(1)puritanage;(2)poorfamily;(3)parliamentaryarmy;(4)Baptist(基督教)(主张全身浸水的)浸礼教徒)society,preacher;(5)prison,writingthebook.38BedfordJail392.JohnBunyansWorks1.（GraceAbounding,1666）功德无量2.（TheLifeandDeathofMr.Badman1680）败德先生传3.（TheHolyWar,1687）
21、圣战4.（The Pilgrims Progress）天路历程4041Analysis:ThePilgrimsProgressamanclothedwithragsstandinginacertainplace,withhisfacefromownhouse,abookinhishandandagreataburdenuponhisback.Ilooked,andsawhimopenthebook,andreadtherein;andasheread,heweptandtrembled;and,notbeingablelongertocontain,hebrakeoutwithalamenta
22、blecry,saying,”whatshallIdo”一个人穿着破烂的衣服，站在一个地方，背对着自己的房舍，手里拿着一本书，背上负着一个沉重的包袱。我正看着，只见他打开书本一边阅读，一边流泪，全身颤抖，后来情不自禁地伤心起来：我应该做点什么？42Analysis:ThePilgrimsProgress1、The Pilgrims Progress is a religious allegory(寓言寓言)2、Through the allegory, its characters impress the reader like real person.3、“Vanity Fair” is a
23、 remarkable passage .It is an epitome of the English society After the Restoration434.Bunyancherishedadeephatredofboththekingandhisgovernment6.SymbolismisanotherfeatureinThePilgrimsProgress.人生朝圣者们的艰难历程人天路的朝圣者基督寻求救赎的朝圣历程人类摆脱世间烦恼和焦虑，追求美好永恒未来的过程。44Bunyanslanguage1.BunyanslanguageischieflyplainandcolloquialandquitemodernincomparisonwiththatofthewritersoftheRenaissance.2.Hislanguageisclear,vivid,natural,homely(朴实的)fluent,musicalandpowerful.3.Hepavedthewaynotonlyinlanguagestylebutalsoinwritingtechniqueofnovels,forthenovelistsofthe18thcenturyasSwiftandDefoe.45THANKSFORYOURATTENTION46
