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1、The Canadian EconomyHuangRong HuangRong 01135870113587&LiXiaoxiaLiXiaoxia01242790124279Location: North AmericaTotal area: 9,976, 139 square kilometers Population: 31.9 million Capital: OttawaOfficial languages: French and English National tree: maple Canada is a leading industrial Canada is a leadin
2、g industrial nation with a highly developed nation with a highly developed economy.economy.Reflection : what are the factors that influence Canadian economy?Three major influencesCanadas physical geographyThe United StatesFederal governmentsCanada was First Canada was First and foremost, a and forem
3、ost, a producer of staple producer of staple commoditiescommoditiesIts hard to Its hard to change the change the condition.condition.Big advantagerich Big advantagerich natural resourcesnatural resourcesAt the end of At the end of World War World War , the , the United States United States became an
4、 became an important role of important role of Canadian economy.Canadian economy.After 1966, the After 1966, the American economy American economy began to founder began to founder and affected and affected Canada. Canada. Nowadays , the days of Nowadays , the days of such government such government
5、 interventionism were interventionism were drawing to a close.drawing to a close.embrace the principles of embrace the principles of free trade and of allowing free trade and of allowing the market-place to the market-place to manage the economy, manage the economy, rather than the rather than the g
6、overnment .government .Interventionist Interventionist governmentgovernmentThe Canada-US Free Trade AgreementConservative leader Brian Mulroney changed direction and began negotiating with the US on dismantling tariff barriers.For CanadaAdvantages: non-tariff barries, investment, technology and so o
7、n. Disadvantages: traditonal agriculture and industries face big challenges .For AmericaFTA was a small expression of big idea: it wanted to find more international support for the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and thought if the FTA was successful, then more countries might be willing to f
8、ollow the example and see freer international trade as beneficial.A A multilateral agreement multilateral agreement regulating international regulating international tradetradeP Purposeurpose:substantial :substantial reduction of tariffs and reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers and other tr
9、ade barriers and the elimination of the elimination of preferences, on a preferences, on a reciprocal and mutually reciprocal and mutually advantageous basisadvantageous basisGATTGDP ( PPP ): 1.330 trillion USDCurrency: Canadian Dollar (CAD)Human development index: 0.888The Gini coefficient: 0.321 k
10、fntAgricultureManufacture IndustriesService Industries Eighty-eight percent of the Canadian landmass is unsuitable for farming, and throughout the country, soil is poor, the growing season is short and the climate is harsh. Most farming takes place in a narrow band along the southern border of the c
11、ountry, within 500 kilometers of the United States. Agriculture :Agriculture : Canada is one of the most agricultural mechanization countries in the world. The total production The total production value of agriculture value of agriculture reached 10.619 billion reached 10.619 billion CAD. The main
12、corps of CAD. The main corps of Canada are wheat, Canada are wheat, barley, oats, flax, barley, oats, flax, rapeseed, corn and rapeseed, corn and etc.etc. Despite the Despite the difficulties, difficulties, agricultures remains agricultures remains important to the important to the Canadian economy.
13、 Canadian economy. Area of an arable land area accounts for about 16% of the land area. And about 68000000 hectares has been cultivated, which accounts for 8% of the land area. The Agricultural population of Canada is of 339,500 people, which is about 2.16% of the employed population. Canada has a v
14、ariety of industries, but it remains an exporter of raw resources and an importer of manufactured goods. Furthermore, Canada has probably the highest degree of foreign ownership of its industry of any industrialized country. Nevertheless, this has not negatively effected Canadas high standard of liv
15、ing overall. Manufacture Industries : Canadas manufacturing products include paper, technological equipment, automobiles, food, clothing and other goods. In terms of research and development of advanced technology, Canada has had some notable successes. One such success was the adoption of nuclear t
16、echnology for peaceful means with the development of the CANDU heavy water nuclear reactor, which has proved to be one of the safest and most reliable generators of nuclear electricity. The service sector of the Canadian economy includes things like banking, health care, construction, communications
17、, education, tourism and government. As is the case in other industrialized countries, more Canadians now provide services than make things: over 70% of working Canadians have jobs in the service sector. Service Industries :Service Industries : Even in Ontario, the manufacturing heartland of the cou
18、ntry, more workers are employed in hospitals than in the automobile industry; and more people work in universities than in colleges than in iron and steel mills. Canada has seen the export of service as being important to the world economy, and has actively pursued the liberalization of trade in ser
19、vices through forums like GATT and the Free Trade Agreement. However, the potential for Canada to export services is not very strong and the sector continues to be dominated by US firms.Canadas Place in the World Economy One area of Canada influence is the world economy. By actively building up a st
20、rong domestic economy, Canada policy-makers succeeded in creating a wealthy country which wields an amount of economic power in the international arena that is surprising for a country that is so small in terms of its population. Canada, along with the US, France, Italy, Great Britain, Germany and J
21、apan, is a member of the Group of 7, the worlds leading economies. Membership of the Group of 7 gives Canada significant prestige and influence in the international system. In the recent global financial crisis, Canada fares better than many other countries thanks to its strong macroeconomic frameworks, conservative bank lending policies and strict regulation, and a cautious business culture.
