《名词性从句和定语从句.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《名词性从句和定语从句.ppt（40页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、名词性从句名词性从句 & & 定语从句定语从句The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行词先行词放置于名词之放置于名词之_，修饰名词的从句，修饰名词的从句关系词关系词连接作用连接作用1.2. 在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分后后主句主句The Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句3代替先行词代替先行词关系词关系词1.关系代词关系代词2.关系副词关系副词1.指人指人2.指物指物3.指某一情况指某一情况thatwhowhomwhose（的）的）thatwhichwhose（的）的）whichas不能放于句首不能放于句首放于句中或
2、句首放于句中或句首 “正如正如”whenwherewhy(代替先行词代替先行词在从句中做在从句中做主语主语/宾语宾语)(状语状语)Theboywho/thatishandsomeisTom.先行词是人的情况：先行词是人的情况：TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.TheboyisTom.Theboyishandsome.Theboywho/thatissmilingisTom.(主语主语)Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(who/whom/that)everyonelikesiskind.(宾语宾语)Thisistheboy.Isitb
3、ehindhim.Thisistheboy(who/whom/that)Isitbehind.Thisistheboybehind whomIsit.Theapplewhich/thatisredismine.先行词是物的情况：先行词是物的情况：Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat.Thegoatiseatingherflowers.Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhich/that iseatingherflowers.Doyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow.Doyoufindthepenwith whichIwrot
4、ejustnow?Doyoufindthepen(which/that)Iwrotewithjustnow?3.which/that指物，在从句中指物，在从句中作作_(作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhich/thatwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder（which/that）heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which/that)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfrom whichyouborrowbooks?小结：
5、小结：主语或宾语主语或宾语which引导的特殊定语从句引导的特殊定语从句:which有有时会引导一个非限制行定语从句对前面时会引导一个非限制行定语从句对前面整个句子进行补充说明。整个句子进行补充说明。Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdontbelieve.Thesunheatstheearth,whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow. as与与which引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句 两者均可引
6、导非限制性定语从句，有时可以两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用互换，但下列情况多用as。1. 当与当与suchsuch或或the samethe same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用asas。e.g. Such books as you tell me about are interesting. She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.2. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.as 具有具有“正如正如,就
7、象就象”之意，搭配的动词之意，搭配的动词一般是固定的一般是固定的as you know /as is known (to all)as you see as we planned as we expected/ as was expectedas is reportedas is mentioned above that指指_，在从句中作，在从句中作_(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that/who/w
8、hom)Itoldyouabout.小结：小结：不能用不能用that 情况：情况：1.介词提前介词提前2.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句人人/物物主语或宾语主语或宾语(表表语）语）Isthisthelibraryfrom whichyouborrowbooks? from thatThemanto whomInoddedisProfessorLi.to that 在先行词为物的情况下在先行词为物的情况下that和和which一般都可以一般都可以互换互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething(that)youca
9、nborrow.Ivereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(1)先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。等不定代词时。(2)先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等等修饰时。修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被先行词被theonly,thevery
10、,修饰时。修饰时。(5) 先行词既有人又有物时先行词既有人又有物时Mary and her dog that were here just now disappeared all of a sudden.(6)避免重复避免重复Who is the man that is standing there?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?(7) 关系词在从句中做表语关系词在从句中做表语 The mountain village is not the place that it used to be.(1)Thescientistisveryfamousi
11、ntheworld.Wemetheryesterday.Thescientist wemetyesterdayisveryfamouswho intheworld. whom that(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.Thedressthatsheiswearingisnew.which (3)Heisthekindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HeisthekindpersonthatIhaveeverworkedwith.who whom Thi
12、sisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.whose引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。表示所属关系。相当于表示所属关系。相当于“的的”，后面紧跟一个，后面紧跟一个名词。注意：名词。注意：whose在定语从句中既可以相当于在定语从句中既可以相当于“人的人的”，也可以相当于，也可以相当于“物的物的”.whose+名词名词=（the）名词）名词+ofwhom/whichTheriver(_banksarecoveredwithtrees)flowstothesea.Theboy(_fatherdiedintheearthquake)workedveryhard.whosewhos
13、ewhose引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。表示所属关系。相当于表示所属关系。相当于“的的”，后面紧跟一个，后面紧跟一个名词。注意：名词。注意：whose在定语从句中既可以相当于在定语从句中既可以相当于“人的人的”，也可以相当于，也可以相当于“物的物的”.whose+名词名词=（the）名词）名词+ofwhom/whichThereareinthisclass20students,(_aredifferent).A.whosebackgroundsB.thebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhose关系副词引导的
14、定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句1 1 whenwhen 指时间，在定语从句中作时间指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。状语。2 2 wherewhere 指地点，在定语从句中作地指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。点状语。3 3 whywhy 指原因，在定语从句中作原因指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。状语。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用常可以用“介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词”引导的定语引导的定语从句来表示。从句来表示。Where引导的定语从句引导的定语从句。先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词，用引导定语从句。
15、从句做状语。象名词，用引导定语从句。从句做状语。Thisisthetownwhere(=inwhich)Ispentmychildhood.Thetablewhere(=atwhich)sheissittingisanewone.Illshowyouthepointwhereyoufailed.When引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。先行词是表示时间的名词，用先行词是表示时间的名词，用when引导定引导定语从句。从句作状语。语从句。从句作状语。Illneverforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)Imetyou.Thiswasthetimewhen(=atwhich)heleft
16、forBijing.Wewillputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewontbebusy.why引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。先行词是表示原因的名词，用引导定语从句。从句先行词是表示原因的名词，用引导定语从句。从句作状语。作状语。Thisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)Ididntcomehere.1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwen
17、ttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhichwhichwhy/forwhichthat/which及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词关系代词关系代词? 关系副词关系副词?定语从句易犯错误定语从句易犯错误(1).(1).先行词方面先行词方面 Is Is this this house house thatthat he he used used to to live live in? in? （改改
18、为为：_） 切记切记: :先行词不可省略先行词不可省略比比较较:Is :Is this this the the house house that that he he used used to to live live in in ? ?(2).(2).从句的判断错误从句的判断错误 He He lost lost the the game game ; ; whichwhich made made us us sad. sad. （改改为：为：_） He He has has two two sisters, sisters, one one of of themthem is is a a
19、 teacher. teacher. （改为：改为：_） househouse后加后加the onethe onethatthatwhomwhom有分号或连词时不是定语从句有分号或连词时不是定语从句, ,是平行结构是平行结构. .(3).(3).定语从句中主谓一致定语从句中主谓一致: :一般应与它所指代的一般应与它所指代的先行词的单复数先行词的单复数保持主谓一致保持主谓一致 The students who were here just now are The students who were here just now are from No.1 Senior Middle School.
20、 from No.1 Senior Middle School. 比较比较: :He is He is the only onethe only one of the of the students who students who was was here just now. here just now. He is one of He is one of the studentsthe students who who werewere here just now. here just now. 如果如果one of +one of +复数名词复数名词 后跟有定语从句，一般后跟有定语从句，
21、一般情况下情况下one ofone of后的复数名词为先行词，但当后的复数名词为先行词，但当oneone前有前有the only the only 修饰时，先行词则为修饰时，先行词则为oneone。 非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.4.He has two sons. Bo
22、th of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.whichThatwhichthemwhomNoun Clauses include: Noun Clauses include: Subjective Clause (主语从句主语从句), Objective Clause (宾语从句宾语从句), Predicative Clause (表语从句表语从句), Appositive Clause (同位语从句同位语从句)I. Conception Inputnounclauses主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句
23、表语从句同位语从句同位语从句Thatshedidbestintheexampleasedherparents.Ithinkthatphysicsisveryhardtolearn.Theproblemisthatwehaventgotintouchwiththem.Thenewsthatourteamwonthefirstprizeexcitedallofus.(that引导的引导的)主语从句主语从句 在复合句中作主句的主语在复合句中作主句的主语. .引导词有连词引导词有连词that,whether(that 不可省不可省););代词有代词有who,what,which;副词副词 when,w
24、here,how,why 等等. .如如: :1._ he is a famous singer is known to us. (It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)2._ he will go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)3. _ he said was right.It was right what he said. ThatWhenWhat用用用用it it it it 作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构作
25、形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词名词 从句从句 It is a fact that 事实是事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识(2) It is 形容词形容词 从句从句 It is natural that S + should do 很自然很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是奇怪的是 ( important, necessary, impossible )(3) It is 不及物动词不及物动词 从句从句 It seems that 似乎似乎 It hap
26、pened that 碰巧碰巧(4) It 过去分词过去分词 从句从句It has been proved that 已证实已证实 It is said that 据说据说 表语从句表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，可以接表语从句的连系动词有词之后，可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另，常用的还有等。另，常用的还有thereasonisthat和和Itisbecause等结构。例如：等结构。例如：1)Thequestionis_wecanmakegoodpreparationinsuch
27、ashorttime.2)Thisis_wecantgetthesupportofthepeople3)Butthefactremains_wearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereasonwhyheislateforschoolis_hemissedtheearlybus.whetherwhythatthat表语从句表语从句如果句子的主语是如果句子的主语是suggestion,order,advice,proposal等名词时，后面等名词时，后面that引导的表语从句用引导的表语从句用“（should)+动词原形动词原形”形式形式His suggestion is
28、that we （ should ）finish the work at once . 宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句， 通常放在主句谓语动词通常放在主句谓语动词( (及物动词及物动词) )或介词后。或介词后。1. 1. 作动词的宾语作动词的宾语1)由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句（that可以省略可以省略）,1.Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.2.Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.3.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethenote.4.Hetoldmet
29、hathewouldacceptmyinvitation.2.作介词的宾语作介词的宾语Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.3.作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语Iamafraid(that)Ivemadeamistake.引导宾语从句的引导宾语从句的that常常可以省略常常可以省略,但在以下情况不能省略但在以下情况不能省略.1)make,find,feel,consider这些词后面用这些词后面用2)it作形式宾语时作形式宾语时,that不能省略。不能省略。3)IfinditnecessarythatwestudyEngl
30、ish.2)有有两个宾语从句两个宾语从句时，时，第二个第二个that不能省略。不能省略。Hesaid(that)hewouldgotherethenextdayandthathisfamilywouldntgothere.3)与动词与动词相隔离相隔离的宾语从句，的宾语从句，that不能省略。不能省略。Theteachertellsusveryoftenthatweshouldstudyhard.4)宾语从句放在宾语从句放在句首句首时时,为了为了强调强调,that不能省略。不能省略。ThathehasdonesuchathingIcantbelieve. 同位语从句同位语从句 在句中起同位语的作
31、用在句中起同位语的作用. .一般放在名词一般放在名词 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion 等之后等之后, ,用以说明或解释前面的名词用以说明或解释前面的名词. .引导词有引导词有 连词连词 that ;少数情况下也可用连接副词等少数情况下也可用连接副词等. .如如 : :1.Thethoughtthatwenightsuccessexcitedus.2.Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering.3.YouhadnoideahowworriedIwas. 4.The
32、 possibility whether Bush will win the election is worth considering. 5. I have no idea what the life will be like in 2100s.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别1)Thenewsthathetoldmeisthathewouldgoabroad.2)2) （他告诉我的消息是真的）（他告诉我的消息是真的）3)3) （thatthat引导的是定语从句，引导的是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）在从句中作宾语）2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabr
33、oadistoldbyhim.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。） （同位语从句，（同位语从句，thatthat在句中不作任何成分）在句中不作任何成分）Tell the difference1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.3.The suggestion that students should learn
34、 something practical is worth considering.4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定定语语从从句句中中的的that既既代代替替先先行行词词，同同时时以以在在从从句句中中作作某某个个成成分分（主主语语或或宾宾语语），而而同同位位语语从从句句中中的的that是是连连词词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何
35、成分。(2)定定语语从从句句是是形形容容词词性性的的，其其功功能能是是修修饰饰先先行行词词，对对先先行行词词加加以以限限定定，描描述述定定的的性性质质或或特特征征；同同位位语语从从句句是是名名词词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（他他告告诉诉我我的的消消息息是是汤汤姆姆明明年年将将出出国国。）（第第一一个个that引导的从句是定语从句，引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）在从句中作宾语）2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（汤汤姆姆将将出出国国的的消消息息是是他他讲讲的的。）（同同位位语语从从句句，that在在句句中中不不作作任何成分）任何成分）
