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1、教教学学目目标标1 1）了解高考短文改错题的错误设置规律）了解高考短文改错题的错误设置规律2 2）掌握短文改错的改正方法）掌握短文改错的改正方法3 3）提高篇章结构分析和语言纠错的能力）提高篇章结构分析和语言纠错的能力4 4）培养学生的规范答题习惯）培养学生的规范答题习惯 Ihardlyremembermygrandmother.Sheusedtoholdingmeonherkneesandsingoldsongs.Iwasonlyfourwhenshepassesaway.Sheisjustadistantmemoryformenow.Iremembermygrandfatherverymu
2、ch.Hewastall,withbroadshoulderandabeardthatturnedfromblacktowardgrayovertheyears.Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothersinoursmalltown,hewasstrongandpowerful.Inafact,heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayduringtheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.However,hewasthegentlestmanIhaveneverknown.高考真题高考真题(2013
3、新课标新课标)holdpassedwell/clearlyshouldersto/into himandwheneverNearlyfiveyearsbefore,andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden.Sincethenforalltheseyearwehadbeenallowingtomatoestoselfseedwheretheyplease.Asresult,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.Thefruitsaresmallinsi
4、ze,butjuicyandtaste.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblems.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!高考真题高考真题(2014(2014新课标新课标)agoagoofofyearsyearshavehavea aeverywhereeverywhereta
5、stytastymanymanywonderfulwonderful2015课标卷课标卷I When I was a child, I hoped to live in thecity. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. andthe thought Unfortunately, on the development of industria
6、lization, the environment has beenpolluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. serious with The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail
7、 to do so, well live to regret it.our /the find Manyair After checking the answers with your group members, discuss what is the most difficult point for you.没找到的错误没找到的错误&找到错误却不会改正找到错误却不会改正范范围全国全国课标卷卷I近三年考点近三年考点201520142013动词1) think thought2) must found find3) Studies have been shown that Since then
8、, we had (been doing ) have1)used to holdinghold; 2) passes passed名名词airs airthese year yearsshoulders代代词your our /the There are so much (that )manyhimself him形容形容词/副副词1)a seriously problem serious2)much rare animals many1)grow wonderfully tomatoes2)(The fruits are) juicy and taste tasty3)five years
9、 beforeagoremember sb very much well/clearly冠冠词in the countryside (加加the)As a result (加加a)In a fact介介词on with (the development of )With the help by offrom toward to连词or andAlthough but yet1) 两句两句间加加and;2) during when(引引导状状语从句从句)逻辑关关系系(The plants are growing) somewhereeverywherenever everWhats the ma
10、in trouble when correcting a passage?1.看不出句子有错，感觉越读越对。看不出句子有错，感觉越读越对。2.看出句子错误看出句子错误,但无法改正。但无法改正。3.不能从篇章角度考虑问题。不能从篇章角度考虑问题。学生的困惑学生的困惑 看了答案什么都明白，做题时想不到，看了答案什么都明白，做题时想不到，因为：这些错误也是我常犯的因为：这些错误也是我常犯的找到思路最重要！思路在哪里？命题规律找到思路最重要！思路在哪里？命题规律1）短文长度短文长度 依据高考近两年全国卷全国卷I和和II进行分析，特别是2015年，词数都是106，故此题的短文长度应在105-110个词之
11、间。 行数：72）短文难度）短文难度 答案1. thinkthought 2. incountry +the 3. or and 4.on with 5. 删掉been 6. seriously serious 7. airs air 8. Much many 9. found find 10. your our / the .3）难题是如何命置的？）难题是如何命置的？ 难题设置陷阱（难题设置陷阱（1）：利用错误联想）：利用错误联想 如 When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I wouldbe happy there.
12、 Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.都是后文惹的祸，影响了思路都是后文惹的祸，影响了思路甚至有同学改为甚至有同学改为will了了 难题设置陷阱（难题设置陷阱（2）：拦截正确思维）：拦截正确思维 Much rare animals are dying out. e.g. _hisfather work hard? _yourfather work hard? 难题设置陷阱（难题设置陷阱（2）：拦截正确思维）：拦截正确思维 Much rare animals are dying out. e.g. _his f
13、ather work hard? _your father work hard?Do or Does? 难题设置陷阱（难题设置陷阱（3）：核心考点过关查）：核心考点过关查 We must found ways to protect your environment.八大动词，只要是大考就有他们！八大动词，只要是大考就有他们！ 切记：八大动词切记：八大动词1.lielielay2.findfound3.windwound4.hanghang5.dress6.seat7.leave8.keep1.Icangotohomenow.2.Ilikeplayingpiano.3.IamfondatEngl
14、ish.theWrong wordMissing wordofUnnecessary word高考短文改错的考察方式（格式要规范）高考短文改错的考察方式（格式要规范）设疑方式错词（8）、漏词（1）、多词（1） “ 四不改原则四不改原则” 单词拼写不改 大小写不改 如： Much rare animals are dying out. 词序错误不改应从错词或少词方面考虑 标点符号不改 Many “五不动原则五不动原则” （1）忠实原文原则（不改原文的原意） （2）一对一原则（一错一词） （3）错误以改动最少原则 （4）虚词以添加或者删除为原则 （5）实词以改变形式为原则 短文改错错误设置规律及改
15、正方法短文改错错误设置规律及改正方法1、冠词错误类型：不定冠词a和an的误用； 元音发音开头的单词前用元音发音开头的单词前用a a修饰，辅音发音开头的单词前用修饰，辅音发音开头的单词前用anan修饰修饰 定冠词the和不定冠词的误用。 表示表示“一一”的含义时不用的含义时不用a/ana/an修饰名词，然而不可数名词修饰名词，然而不可数名词前却用前却用a/ana/an修饰；表示特指时不用修饰；表示特指时不用thethe修饰名词，不表示特指时却修饰名词，不表示特指时却用用thethe修饰名词；在某些习惯表达中随便使用修饰名词；在某些习惯表达中随便使用thethe。改正方法：分析语境逻辑看有关名词表
16、示特指还是泛指，表示特指时用the修饰，表示泛指且有“一”之意时，元音发音开头的单词前用an 修饰，辅音发音开头的单词前用a修饰。同时还应注意习惯表达中冠词的使用情况。例例1Besides, a friend is always good listener when you need one. 例例2Just before I turned corner of Park Street, I happened to see an accident.例例3 Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.athean冠词当堂练冠词当
17、堂练 2、名词错误类型：名词单复数错误；名词所有格错误。 改正方法： 分析修饰语的单复数意义、主谓一致的特点和语境意义可以发现并改正名词单复数错误。 分析前后两个名词之间有无所属关系可以发现并改正名词所有格错误。常考的不可数名词有常考的不可数名词有fun, progress, advice, information, equipment, furniture, news等。等。例例1give me some advices on how to write like a real writer.例例2Christie was one of my best friend at high schoo
18、l.例例3When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.例例4I was playing at my cousin house.名词当堂练名词当堂练advicefriendsfriendscousins 3、形容词和副词错误类型： 形容词和副词的误用； 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的误用。改正方法：表语和补语为形容词，名词前的定语为形容词; 副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、过去分词、介词短语或整个句子； 比较级用于两个人、物之间做比较； 最高级用于三个或以上的人、物之间做比较。例例1 I had to try har
19、dly not to laugh at her shocked face!例例2 The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.例例3 When she dropped me off, I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back.例例4 I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.例例5 because I was so farther away, and that my mother wou
20、ld not sleep if she knew.形容词和副词当堂练形容词和副词当堂练hardtastyslowlylessfar 4、代词 错误类型： 人称代词主格和宾格的误用； 代词前后指代的误用； 不定代词的误用； 反身代词的误用。改正方法： 分析上下文弄清人称代词的正确指代； 主格人称代词作主语，宾格人称代词作宾语，形容词性物主代词作定语，名词性物主代词作主语、宾语和表语，反身代词作宾语或同位语。 分析句子成分可以发现并改正缺少的人称代词。例例1 I was happy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong, I got an
21、gry and broke it.例例2 After we left, I said, “That was very nice of you , Mother. But I didnt think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did me,” said Mother cheerfully.例例3 There was one in particular Id always wanted. I put into my pocket when he wasnt looking.例例4 For a while parents bought me new toy
22、s.代词当堂练代词当堂练themIitmy 5、介词 错误类型：多用、少用与误用介词。 改正方法：分析语境逻辑及检查介词与动词、 名词、 形容词、副词等的搭配。常考查含有介词的固定短语，因此要加强对短语的积累。例例1 From then on, weve kept touch with each other through e-mails. 例例2 Im sorry that I wasnt able to return to your bike on time yesterday.例例3 Two years ago, I traveled to Brazil and I rented for
23、 a car.例例4 It was so kind for you to let us bring Annes friend, Gina.介词当堂练介词当堂练inof 6、动词 错误类型： 动词的时态和语态误用；主谓一致误用。 改正方法：命题人经常在动词的形态上设置错误，特别是一般现在时和一般过去时，现在完成时、过去完成时和一般过去时之间的替换是命题人命题的热点，因此看到动词时，一定要根据上下文和时间状语检查动词的时态和语态的运用及谓语的单复数是否正确。 动词当堂练动词当堂练例例1 My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the othe
24、r day.例例2 There exist now a park that has a small river running through.例例3 The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to a supermarket. 例例4 Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and the actor couldnt be seen anywhere.wereexistshad
25、7、非谓语动词错误类型： 不定式符号to的多余与遗漏； to后跟动词原形或动名词的误用； 介词后动词形态的误用； 现在分词与过去分词的误用。 动词与非谓语动词混用错误改正方法： 不作谓语的动词必须用非谓语动词，具体形式由非谓语成分决定。 要牢记make、have、let后跟动词作宾补时不加to，作主补时要加to； 介词后作宾语的动词形态用动名词形式； 现在分词和过去分词的区别为：前者表示“动作主动和进行”，后者表示“动作被动和完成”。 考生要加强对含to短语的积累和总结，注意to何时能够省略，何时为介词，何时为不定式。非谓语动词当堂练非谓语动词当堂练例例1 I look forward to
26、see her again in the near future.例例2 After hear your sad stories, he will say some words that is nice and warm. 例例3I find that the neighborhood which I used to living in has changed a lot.例例4So I helped them going to the nearest hospital. 例例5 I was at the Shanhai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hang
27、zhou.例例6 I noticed Mother looking at a nearby table occupy by an elderly woman and a young couple.seeinghearinglivegobuyingoccupied 8、逻辑关系 错误类型：否定词特别是not、never等的漏用； 连词的多用、少用和误用； 定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的误用，特别是which与that的误用； 名词性从句中连接词的误用，特别是what和that的误用。改正方法：在整句理解的基础上，理清前后句的逻辑关系，特别注意and、 or、 but、 after、before、
28、 however、 therefore、 besides、 unless 、if等词的使用是否正确。另外，考生在理解句意的基础上正确判断句子结构和层次，判断定语从句和名词性从句引导词的使用是否正确。逻辑关系当堂练逻辑关系当堂练例例1 All I had to do was to write a story or present it.例例2 It was turned out to be her own cup, that shed left on the shelf by mistake. 例例3 In the end, we drove to a service station and w
29、aited there unless the road was clear.例例4 The air keeping the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up. andwhichuntil/tilldown利用歌诀，理清思路利用歌诀，理清思路 “短文改错要做好，短文改错要做好，常见类型应记牢，常见类型应记牢，名词爱考名词爱考“数数”与与“格格”，冠词在前，冠词在前“错错”“多多”“少少”，动词时态和语态，动词时态和语态，非谓语搭配莫错了，非谓语搭配莫错了，连代形副错一样，连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆，多是
30、故意来混淆，介词多半错搭配，介词多半错搭配，多漏误用想周到，多漏误用想周到，句法涉及到句法涉及到“一致一致”，从句关系词常考，从句关系词常考，词法句法均未错，词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找，逻辑推理去寻找，“127”惯常比惯常比，回读复查敲定稿。回读复查敲定稿。” 注：注：“一致一致”：包括主谓一致，代词及相应的包括主谓一致，代词及相应的限定词在数、性、称方面的一致，主语与限定词在数、性、称方面的一致，主语与主语补语，宾语和宾语补语的一致等。主语补语，宾语和宾语补语的一致等。“127”：指的是通常指的是通常10个题一处（或两处）个题一处（或两处）属多余，两处（或一处）需补加成分，属多余，两处（
31、或一处）需补加成分，6处处需更改。当然，此非需更改。当然，此非“定势定势”，仅作参考。，仅作参考。 Beingresponsibleisactuallynotthatdifficult.Iusedtothinkitishardtogrowupintoaresponsiblememberofthesociety.AnincidenthappeninginarainySundayafternoonchangedmyattitude.Iwasonmywaytothebookstoreandwaswaitingforthegreenlightwhileagirlwasknockeddownbypass
32、ingcar,whichdroveoffquickly.AmanimmediatelygaveherfirstaidandIhadjoinedinwithouthesitation.Soonmanyhelpwasgiventothegirl.Becausewesenthertothenearesthospitalsintime,shewasabletoreceiveproperlytreatment.Notbadlyinjured,Iexpressedgratitudetothosegivinghelp.Comparedwiththeescapingdriver,IwasproudofwhatIdid.wasonwhenamuchhospitalproperescapedshe2016届高三广州六校第一次联考届高三广州六校第一次联考限时训练：限时训练：5分钟分钟拿世界上最好的“短文改错”题来练练学生自己的自学生自己的自然生成的作品然生成的作品全国、各地试题全国、各地试题高考卷、模拟卷高考卷、模拟卷
