英语高考语法复习课件(全).ppt

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1、20102010年高考语法复习年高考语法复习名词1 1、名词的单、复数、名词的单、复数; ;2 2、可数与不可数名词的转换;、可数与不可数名词的转换;3 3、名词作定语;、名词作定语;4 4、名词的搭配、名词的搭配; ;5 5、词语辨析;、词语辨析;高考考点分析问题问题问题问题1 1:-Howmanydoesacowhave?-Four.AstomachesBstomachCstomachsDstomachies以以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的名词变复数时加等结尾的名词变复数时加es;但如果以但如果以ch结尾的名词发音为结尾的名词发音为k时,只加时,只加s。另外,以辅音字母另外,以辅音字母+y结

2、尾的名词变复数时,需将结尾的名词变复数时,需将y变成变成i,再加,再加-es;以元音字母;以元音字母+y结尾的则直接结尾的则直接加加-s。以辅音字母加。以辅音字母加y结尾的专有名词变复数时,结尾的专有名词变复数时,也直接加也直接加-s。 问题问题问题问题2 2:The_ofthebuildingarecoveredwithlotsof_.Aroofs;leavesBrooves;leafsCroof;leafDroofs;leafs以以f或或fe结尾的名词变复数时:结尾的名词变复数时:a.加加s,如:,如:serf-serfsbelief-beliefsroof-roofschief-chie

3、fssafe-safesgulf-gulfs;b.去去f,fe加加ves,如:,如:half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolveswife-wiveslife-livesthief-thieves;c.均可均可,如:如:handkerchief-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves 问题问题问题问题3 3:Whenthefarmerreturnedhomehefoundthree_missing.AsheepsBsheepesCsheepDsheepies当当sheep;deer;fish表示数量时,单复数同形;表示数量时,单复数

4、同形;如果表示不同种类,则需加如果表示不同种类,则需加s或或es。单复数同形的名词有:单复数同形的名词有:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,Swissworks,means,head 问题问题问题问题4 4:Some_visitedourschoollastWednesday.AGermanBGermenCGermansDGermens国家人的名词需要记住三种情况:国家人的名词需要记住三种情况:1、单复数同形:、单复数同形:Chinese;Japanese;Swiss2、需要变形:、需要变形:English-Englishman3、加、加s或或-es:Germa

5、nGermans详见下表。详见下表。 1.6不同国家的人的单复数不同国家的人的单复数名称总称(谓语用复数)一个人两个人中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapane

6、seaJapanesetwoJapanese美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes问题问题问题问题5 5:_willmakeatriparoundtheworldduringthecomingChristmas.(1993上海上海)A

7、.TheEvensB.TheEvensC.TheEvensesD.TheEvenses专有名词的复数与定冠词连用,常用来表示专有名词的复数与定冠词连用,常用来表示“一一家人家人”或一家之中的两个或几个重要的人。如:或一家之中的两个或几个重要的人。如:-Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?-_.(98上海上海)APalmersBThePalmersCThePalmersDThePalmers 问题问题问题问题6 6:MrSmithhastwo_,bothofwhomareteachersinaschool.Abrothers-in-lawBbrother-in-lawsC

8、brothers-in-laws Dbrothers-inlaw以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数,如:复数,如:managers-in-chief;fathers-in-law。如。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加s。如:。如:grown-ups。 问题问题问题问题1 1:Hegainedhis_byprinting_offamouswriters.(NMET95)A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works抽象名词和物质名词被称为不

9、可数名词。本题中抽象名词和物质名词被称为不可数名词。本题中wealth为不可数名词,为不可数名词,works作作“作品作品”解,属解,属单复数同形的可数名词。单复数同形的可数名词。 问题问题问题问题2 2:Canyougiveussome_aboutthewriter?AinformationsBinformationCpieceofinformationsDpiecesinformation大多数不可数名词都不可能转化为可数名词,常大多数不可数名词都不可能转化为可数名词,常见的有:见的有:information;news;advice;progress;fun如:如:Thisisnotama

10、tch.Wereplayingchessfor_.AhabitBhobby CfunDgame(2001上海春季上海春季) 问题问题问题问题3 3:Manypeopleagreethat_ofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday.(NMET96)A.aknowledgeB.knowledgesC.knowledgeD.theknowledge有些抽象名词和物质名词也可转化为可数名词,有些抽象名词和物质名词也可转化为可数名词,用来表示某种特定的意义。用来表示某种特定的意义。aknowledgeof表示表示“对对有所了解有所了解“。又如:。又如:Thism

11、eetingisagreatsuccess.请看下面的可数与不可数名词的转化:请看下面的可数与不可数名词的转化: a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时。当物质名词转化为个体名词时。Cakeisakindoffood.蛋糕是一种食物。蛋糕是一种食物。(U)Thesecakesaresweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。这些蛋糕很好吃。(C)b.当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,名词可数。当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,名词可数。Thisfactoryproducessteel.(U)Weneedvarioussteels.(C)c.当物质名词表示份数时,可数。当物质名词表示份数时,可数。Ourcountryisfam

12、ousfortea.Twoteas,please.请来两杯茶。请来两杯茶。d.抽象名词有时也可数。抽象名词有时也可数。fourfreedoms四大自由四大自由thefourmodernizations四个现代化四个现代化manyinterests许多兴趣许多兴趣问题问题问题问题1 1The_isjustaroundthecornerandyouwontmissit.(01北京春季北京春季)A.bicyclesshopB.bicycleshopC.bicyclesshopD.bicyclesshop名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。1)用复数作定语。用复

13、数作定语。如:如:sportsmeeting运动会运动会studentsreading-room学生阅览室学生阅览室talkstable谈判桌谈判桌theforeignlanguagesdepartment外语系外语系2)有些原有有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。保留。如:如:goodstrain(货车货车)armsproduce武器生产武器生产customspapers海关文件海关文件clothesbrush衣刷衣刷 问题问题问题问题2 2Ittookusquitealongtimetogethere.Itwas_journey.(05北京春季)北京春季)A.th

14、ree-hourB.athreehourC.athree-hourD.threehours“数词数词+名词名词”构成的合成词作定语时,这个名词一般保留构成的合成词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。单数形式。 如:如:aten-milewalk;afive-yearplan但是如果不用连字符,就需用复数的所有格。但是如果不用连字符,就需用复数的所有格。Thevillageisfarawayfromhereindeed.Its_walk.(04上海春季)上海春季)A.afourhourB.afourhoursC.afour-hours D.afourhours 问题问题问题问题3 3:There

15、areonlytwelve_inthehospital.Awomandoctors BwomendoctorsCwomendoctorDwomandoctorman,woman,gentleman等作定语时,其单复等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:如:amanworkermenworkersawomanteacherwomenteachersagentlemanofficialgentlemenofficials 问题问题问题问题1 1Wevemissedthelastbus.Imafraidwehaveno_buttotakeataxi.(N1

16、9993)A.wayB.choiceC.possibilityD.selection可以将可以将“havenochoicebuttodo”视为一视为一个结构,现在考查这类搭配的题有很多,如:个结构,现在考查这类搭配的题有很多,如:IamsureDavidwillbeabletofindthelibraryhehasaprettygood_ofdirection.(05浙江卷)浙江卷)AideaBfeelingCexperienceDsense类似的题还有:类似的题还有: 1.Heresmycard.Letskeepin_.(N1994)(A)A.touchB.relationC.connect

17、ionD.friendship2.Youcantakeasmanyasyoulikebecausetheyarefreeof_.(1998上海上海)(B)A.fareB.chargeC.moneyD.pay3.Themanagerhasgotagoodbusiness_sothecompanyisdoingwell.(03北京春季)(北京春季)(B)AideaBsenseCthoughtDThinking4.Ikeepmedicinesonthetopshelf,outofthechildrens_.(04天津)天津)(A)AreachBhandCholdDplace 问题问题问题问题2 2A

18、roughestimate,Nigeriais_GreatBritain.(05上海卷)上海卷)A.threetimesthesizeasB.thesizethreetimesofC.threetimesasthesizeofD.threetimesthesizeof注意名词用来表示比较的特殊用法。它的结构为注意名词用来表示比较的特殊用法。它的结构为“倍数倍数+the+名词名词+of+对象对象”。常用在该结构。常用在该结构中的名词为:中的名词为:thesizeof;theweightof;thelengthof. 问题问题问题问题1 1Billwasdoingalotofphysicalexe

19、rcisetobuilduphis_.(05天津卷)天津卷)(C)A.abilityB.forceC.strengthD.mind高考试卷中考查名词词义辨析的题目越来越高考试卷中考查名词词义辨析的题目越来越多了,这就要求我们在平时的学习过程中注意同多了,这就要求我们在平时的学习过程中注意同类词的比较和辨析,同时尽可能从阅读过程中汲类词的比较和辨析,同时尽可能从阅读过程中汲取更多的知识。本题的意思是取更多的知识。本题的意思是参加体育锻炼的目参加体育锻炼的目的是增强体质和力气。的是增强体质和力气。 20102010年高考语法复习年高考语法复习主谓一致1 1、用、用and连接两个并列成分;连接两个并

20、列成分;2 2、介词、介词with伴随伴随主语;主语;3 3、就近原则;、就近原则;4 4、各种代词的主谓一致、各种代词的主谓一致; ;5 5、短语和从句作主语;、短语和从句作主语;6 6、定语从句中的主谓一致。、定语从句中的主谓一致。高考考点分析问题问题问题问题1 1:Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_yet.(1991NMET)A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided这个句子看上去是这个句子看上去是and连接的两个并列短语充当主连接的两个并列短语充当主语,本应用复数形式的谓语,但

21、这两个短语表达语,本应用复数形式的谓语,但这两个短语表达的是同一事件的两个方面,可以看成是一个整体,的是同一事件的两个方面,可以看成是一个整体,因此使用单数的谓语动词;而从句意可判断此句因此使用单数的谓语动词;而从句意可判断此句谓语动词需使用被动语态,谓语动词需使用被动语态, 归纳一:归纳一:1两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用and连连接,谓语用复数接,谓语用复数TomandDickaregoodfriends.但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。Asingeranddancerwaspresentattheparty.Theworker

22、andwriteristalkingtothestudents。Breadandbuttertastesgood.类似的表达式有:类似的表达式有:(aneedleandthread,ahorseandcart,awatchandchain,acoatandtie,truthandhonesty,medicalhelpandcure)2用用and连接的两个名词若被连接的两个名词若被no,each,every,manya修饰,则谓语动词用单数。修饰,则谓语动词用单数。Nobirdandnobeastisseeninthebareisland.Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasmades

23、uchafunnyexperiment.AtChristmaseachboyandeachgirlisgivenapresent.3.如果如果and后面加后面加no或或not,谓语也用单数形式,谓语也用单数形式,Myfriend,andnothers,ischosentojointhearmy.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.问题问题问题问题2 2:Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagift.(1990NMET)A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffere

24、d主语后有主语后有aswellas,like,with,togetherwith,but,except,besides,等,谓语应于前面主语保持一致等,谓语应于前面主语保持一致Aprofessor,togetherwithsomestudents,wassenttohelpinthework.Noonebuttheteachersisallowedtousetheroom. 问题问题问题问题3 3:NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.(1989)A.is B.areC.amD.be以连词以连词or

25、,eitheror,neithernor,therebe,notonlybutalso连接的复合主语,其谓语与其相连接的复合主语,其谓语与其相邻的那个名词的数保持一致。邻的那个名词的数保持一致。Eg.YouorIamtobeinvited. 问题问题问题问题4 4:NobodybutJane_thesecret.(1986)A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknowneither,neither,each,every或或no+单数名词和单数名词和由由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词都作构成的复合不定代词都作单数看待。单数看待。Eachofushasan

26、ewpen.Everythingaroundusismatter. 问题问题问题问题5 5:Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.(1996NMET)A.were,wasB.was,wasC.was,wereD.were;were.anumberof表示表示“很多很多”的意思,修饰可的意思,修饰可数名词的复数。数名词的复数。Thenumberof表示表示“数量,号码数量,号码”作主语,其谓语动词用单数形式。作主语,其谓语动词用单数形式。 问题问题问题问题6 6:_ofthesouthe

27、rnhemisphere(南半球南半球)_withwater.A.Four-five;iscoveredB.Four-fifths;iscoveredC.Four-fifth,arecoveredD.Four-fifths,arecovered.由由“alotof,(lotsof,plentyof,therestof)+名词名词”构成的短语以及由构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数名词分数或百分数名词”构构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要根据短语成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。中后面名词的数而定。Three-fourthsofthesurfaceissea. 问题问题

28、问题问题7 7:Allbutone_herejustnow.(1997NMET)A.isB.wasC.havebeenD.werewhat,who,which,any,more,most,all等代词等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要依意思而定。可以是单数,也可是复数,主要依意思而定。A)Whichisyourpen?哪是你的笔?哪是你的笔?Whichareyourpens?哪些是你们的笔?哪些是你们的笔?B)Allcanbedonehasbeendone.Allhavegonetothepark. 问题问题问题问题8 8:Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_awin

29、nerofscholarshipforthreeyears.(02上海春上海春)A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeenwho,which,that作定语从句的主语时,其谓语取决作定语从句的主语时,其谓语取决于先行词。于先行词。Thosewhowanttogoshouldsignyournameshere.Heisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam. 问题问题问题问题9 9:Mathematics_thelanguageofscience.(197

30、8)A.isB.aregoingtobeC.are以以-ics结尾的学科名词,如结尾的学科名词,如“mathematics,politics,physics以及以及news,等,形式上为复数,实际为单数,等,形式上为复数,实际为单数,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。另外:复数名词用作书,电影、戏剧、报刊、国家等另外:复数名词用作书,电影、戏剧、报刊、国家等名称时,谓语动词用单数。名称时,谓语动词用单数。His“selectedPoems”_firstpublishedin1965.(78)A.wereB.wasC.hasbeen 问题问题问题问题10

31、10Hisfamily_allfootballfans.A.isB.hasbeenC.arebeingD.are一些集体名词做主语,如果看作一个整体,谓语一些集体名词做主语,如果看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数;如果指其中的成员,谓语用复数动词用单数;如果指其中的成员,谓语用复数但但people,police,cattle等只能用复数等只能用复数Myfamilyisabigfamily.Myfamilyarelisteningtotheradio.Thepolicearetryingtocatchthethief. 问题问题问题问题1111Therich_notalwayshappy.A.isB.

32、hasC.haveD.are形容词加定冠词形容词加定冠词the表示一类人时,谓语动表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数。词用复数。Whatalifethepoorwereliving!Theyoungarehappytogivetheirseatstotheold. 问题问题问题问题12121.Growingvegetables_constantwatering.A.needB.areneededC.isneededD.needs2.WhatIsayandthink_nobusinessofyours.A.isB.areC.wereD.bothAandB 当动名词短语、不定式短语和从句作主语时,当动名

33、词短语、不定式短语和从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如果用谓语动词用单数。如果用and连接两个从句或短连接两个从句或短语作主语,则需看是表示一个整体还是不同的两语作主语,则需看是表示一个整体还是不同的两件事。题(件事。题(2)中的)中的“WhatIsayandthink”既既可理解为同一件事也可理解为不同的两个动作。可理解为同一件事也可理解为不同的两个动作。(注意:从句作主语时有时需根据表语来定。)(注意:从句作主语时有时需根据表语来定。)20102010年高考语法复习年高考语法复习代词1、人称代词的替代和转换、人称代词的替代和转换;2、物主代词的性;、物主代词的性;3、else的用法;的用法;

34、4、不定代词的用法比较、不定代词的用法比较;5、it的用法;的用法;高考考点分析1.人称代词的指代问题人称代词的指代问题问题问题问题问题1 1:Itwas_whodidit,butitwas_thatwearetalkingabout.A.heshe B.himherC.himsheD.heher解析:解析:解析:解析:人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或表语,例如:Johnwaitedawhilebuteventuallyhewenthome.约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作表语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语,例如:Isawherwitht

35、hem,atleast,Ithoughtitwasher.问题中前后两个分句都是强调句,前面的代词作didit的主语,而后面的代词作talkingabout的宾语。D2)在使用人称代词时,要注意其人称、数和格的一致。如:JimandIsawthemanpassingby.Betweenyouandme,hestolealotofmoneyfromsomewhere.(私下跟你说吧,不知他从哪里偷了一大笔钱呢。)Heaskedthreeofus,John,Joanandme,tohavedinnerwithhim.Meatandfisharemoreexpensivethantheyusedto

36、be.不定代词anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone,someone,everyone,noone,及whoever和person在正式场合使用时,可用he,his,him代替。Nobodycame,didhe?谁也没来,是吗?2.人称代词之主、宾格的替换人称代词之主、宾格的替换问题问题问题问题2 2:Susan,goandjoinyoursistercleaningtheyard.Why?Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.(03全国卷)全国卷)AhimBheCI Dme解析:解析:解析:解析:在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not后,多

37、用宾格。-IlikeEnglish.-我喜欢英语。-Metoo.-我也喜欢。-Havemorewine?-再来点酒喝吗?-Notme.-我可不要了。D问题问题问题问题3 3:-MayIspeaktoJohn?-Thisis_speaking.A.heB.hisC.himD.himself解析:解析:解析:解析:a.在介词在介词but,except后,有时可用主格代替宾格。后,有时可用主格代替宾格。Allbut_totheconcerttomorrow.A.heandIamgoingB.heandIaregoingC.heandmearegoingD.hisandmeamgoingb.在电话用语

38、中常用主格。在电话用语中常用主格。-IwishtospeaktoMary.-我想和玛丽通话。-Thisisshe.-我就是玛丽。AB3.物主代词的性物主代词的性问题问题4:-IsthiscameralikeBillsandAnns?-No,butitsalmostthesameas_.(1994)A.herB.yoursC.themD.theirB解析:解析:形容词性的物主代词修饰名词,不能独用;名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的-s所有格结构,例如:Thatismybook.Thatbookismine.Theirsisaverylargeuniversity.另外,在动名词前常

39、加上形容词性的物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如:Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?4.反身代词反身代词问题问题5:Youwillfindasyoureadfiatsbookthatyoujustcantkeepsomeofthesestonesto_.Youwillwanttosharethemwithafriend.(05湖湖南)南)A.itselfB.yourselfC.himselfD.themselvesB反身代词通常作宾语、表语和同位语。反身代词通常作宾语、表语和同位语。a.作宾语:有些动词需有反身代词absent,bathe,amuse,blame,dr

40、y,cut,enjoy,hurt,introduce,behave,help,dress,keep,Weenjoyedourselvesverymuchlastnight.Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish.b.作表语;beoneself:Iamnotmyselftoday.我今天不舒服。c.作同位语Thethingitselfisnotimportant.事情本身并不重要。A、some/any问题问题1Theres_cookingoilleftinthehouse.Wouldyougotothecornerstoreandget_?(04北京)北京)A.little;s

41、omeB.little;anyC.alittle;someD.alittle;any问题问题2Iaskedhimforsomeoil,buthehadnt_.(1986)A.anyB.someC.noD.anythingAA说明:说明:some“一些”,一般用于肯定句中。1)可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。2)当做“某一”解时,也可与单数名词连用。(=acertain)Youwillbesorryforthissomeday.Acertain(some)personhasseenyoubreaktherule.注意注意:some用于其他句式中用于其他句式中:a.肯定疑问句中:说话人认为对方的答案

42、会是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答时。Wouldyoulike句式中,表委婉请求或建议,如:Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?b.在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时,如:Ifyouneedsomehelp,letmeknow.c.some位于主语部分,Somestudentshaventbeentherebefore.d.当否定的是整体中的部分时,some可用于否定句。如:Ihaventheardfromsomeofmyoldfriendstheseyears.这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信any“一些”,多用于否定句和疑问句和条件句中。当表示“任何一个”的意思时,any可用于肯定句。H

43、erearethreenovels.Youmayreadany.这有三本小说,你可任读一本。问题问题3:Wehaventenoughbooksfor;someofyouwillhavetoshare.(05全国卷1)AsomebodyBanybodyCeverybodyDnobody问题问题4:-Oneweekstimehasbeenwasted.-Icantbelievewedidallthatworkfor.(04重庆)A.somethingB.nothingC.everythingD.anythingCB注意注意注意注意:some,any,every所构成的合成不定代词不能与of连用,只

44、有分开才可接of短语。如:someoneofus;everyoneofthem但要注意:noneofthem(noone后不接of短语)B、one,that和和it问题问题问题问题1 1:Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,_Iwillalwaystreasure.(02N)thatoneitwhat问题问题问题问题2 2:TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.(2001N)A.theyB.itC.oneD.which问题

45、问题问题问题3 3:IpreferaflatinInvernessto_inPerth,becauseIwanttolivenearmyMoms.(05天津卷)A.oneB.thatC.itD.this问题问题问题问题4 4:Carsdocauseussomehealthproblemsinfactfarmoreserious_thanmobilephonesdo.(05江西卷)AoneBonesCitDthoseBBAB说明:说明:one表示泛指,that和it表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而it与所指名词为同一个。Icantfindmyhat.IthinkImustbu

46、yone.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。ThehatyouboughtisbiggerthanthatIbought.(同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。Icantfindmyhat.IdontknowwhereIputit.(同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了C、another/other/theother/others/theothers问题问题问题问题1 1:Youngpeoplemaygrowquicklyinsomewaysandmoreslowlyin_.(1993上海)A.theother B.someotherC.othersD.theseo

47、thers问题问题问题问题2 2:Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow,and_.(2000北京春季)A.theotheriswhiteB.anotherwhiteC.theotherwhiteD.anotheriswhite问题问题问题问题3 3:Noprogresswasmadeinthetradetalkasneithersidewouldaccepttheconditionsof_.(05上海卷)A.others B.theotherC.eitherD.anotherCCB说明:说明:onetheother只有两个oneanother

48、,anothersomeothers,othersothers=otherpeople/thingstheothers=therest剩余的全部1)泛指另一个用another。2)一定范围内两人(物),一个用one,另一个用theother。3)一定范围内三者,一个用one,另一个用one(another),第三个可用theother,athird。4)一定范围内,除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用theothers。5)除去已有的,表示“还有多少”,一般有三个结构:another+数量+名词;数量+other+名词;数量+more+名词。D、anyone/anyone;noone/none;no

49、thing问题问题问题问题1 1:Playingtricksonothersis_weshouldneverdo.(04湖南)A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing问题问题问题问题2 2:Wehaventenoughbooksfor;someofyouwillhavetoshare.(05全国卷1)AsomebodyBanybodyCeverybodyDnobody问题问题问题问题3 3:Shedoesntknowanyonehere.Shehasgot_totalkto.(04广东)A.anyoneB.someoneC.everyoneD.noo

50、neBCD1.anyone和和anyoneanyone仅指人,不与of连用;anyone既可指人,也可指物。2.noone和和nonea)none后跟of短语,既可指人又可指物,而noone只单独使用,只指人。b)none作主语,谓语动词用单,复数均可,而noone作主语,谓语动词只能是单数。Noneofyoucouldliftit.你们中没有人可举起它。-Didanyonecallmeupjustnow?-Noone.3.none和和nothingnone只指量,指所指的一类人或物中一个都没有;nothing泛指,什么东西都不存在。后面不接of短语。如:-Arethereanyeggsint

51、hefridge?-None.Infact,thereisnothinginthefridge.E、every和和each问题:问题:问题:问题:_hegoesoutforsomefood.A.EveryafewdaysB.EveryfewdaysC.EachfewdaysD.EveryseveraldaysB说明:说明:1)every强调全体的概念,each强调个体概念。Everystudentinourschoolworkshard.Eachstudentmayhaveonebook.2)every指三个以上的人或物(含三个),each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)3)every只作形容词,

52、不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。Everystudenthastotakeone.Eachboyhastotakeone.Eachoftheboyshastotakeone.4)every不可以作状语,each可作状语。Weeachhaveaglasstodrinkwaterwith.5)every有反复重复的意思,如everytwoweeks等;each没有。6)every与与not连用,表示部分否定;连用,表示部分否定;each和和not连用表连用表示全部否定示全部否定。Everymanisnothonest.并非每个人都诚实。Eachmanisnothonest.这儿每个人都不诚

53、实F、both,either,neither,all,any,none问题问题问题问题1 1:IinvitedJoeandLindatodinner,but_ofthemcame.(04北京)A.neitherB.eitherC.noneD.both问题问题问题问题2 2:-Doyouwantteaorcoffee?-_.Ireallydontmind.(2000北京春季)A.BothB.NoneC.EitherD.Neither问题问题问题问题3 3:-WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage?-_wayasyouplease.(04福建)AEach

54、BEveryCAnyDEither问题问题问题问题4 4:26.Ihadtobuy_thesebooksbecauseIdidntknowwhichonewasthebest.(04上海)A.bothB.noneC.neitherD.allACCD1)both(两者都),either(两者中任何一个),neither(两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。Neitherofthetwoboysisclever.两个男孩都不聪明。注意注意both,either的用法区别:的用法区别:both与复数连用,either与单数连用。Boththeboysareclever.Eitherofthetw

55、oboysisclever.Thereareflowersonbothsidesofthestreet.Thereareflowersoneithersideofthestreet.2)all(所有的,全部的人或物),any(任何一个),none(都不)。以上词使用范围为三者以上。Alltheflowersaregone.所有的花都谢了。Idontlikeanyoftheflowers.这些花我都不喜欢。Ilikenoneoftheflowers.这些花我都不喜欢。注意注意:all与与none用法一样。跟单数名词,用单数动词;用法一样。跟单数名词,用单数动词;跟复数名词,用复数动词跟复数名词,

56、用复数动词。Allofthestudentsarethere.All(of)themilkisthere.G、few,little,afew,alittle,abit问题问题问题问题: :Althoughheswealthy,hespends_onclothes.A.littleB.fewC.alittleD.afewAspend所指的是钱,不可数,只能用little或alittle.本句为although引导的让步状语从句,由句意知后句为否定含义,因此应用little表示几乎不。(a)few+可数名词,(a)little+不可数名词afew/alittle为肯定含义,还有一点few/litt

57、le为否定含义,没有多少了。abitof+不可数名词notalittle=much;notabit=notatallHehasafewfriends.他有几个朋友。Hehasfewfriends.他几乎没有朋友。Westillhavealittletime.我们还有点时间。Thereislittletimeleft.几乎没剩下什么时间了。Thereisonlyabitofinkinthebottle.Wearenotalittletiredbecausewehavebeenworkingforalmosttwentyhours.Althoughhehadwalkedalongway,hedid

58、ntfeeltiredabit.考题点击:考题点击:1)-Didyougoonmanyofthehuntingtrips?-No,_.A.notmuchB.littleatallC.fewerD.veryfew2)-Areyoufeelingtiredafterthegame?-_.Infact,Ifeelquiterelaxed.A.NotalittleB.NotabitC.NotlittleD.Notbit3)Tomnevergoesouttoeatbecausehehas_money.A.fewB.littleC.alittleD.afew4)_friendsBettyhadmadeth

59、erewereallinvitedtoherbirthdayparty.(1997上海)A.FewofB.FewC.ThefewD.AfewDBBC问题问题问题问题1 1-Victorcertainlycarestoomuchabouthimself.-Yes.Hesneverinterestedinwhat_isdoing.(05重庆卷)重庆卷)(B)A.nooneelseB.anyoneelseC.someoneelseD.nobodyelseelse常与不定代词连用,用来表示常与不定代词连用,用来表示“别的别的人或人或物物”,近几年已成为高考中的热点。,近几年已成为高考中的热点。noon

60、eelse=nobodyelse,表示,表示“没别的人没别的人”,someoneelse表示表示“别的某个人别的某个人”,anyoneelse表示表示“别的任何人别的任何人”。 问题问题问题问题2 2Ifthisdictionaryisnotyours,_canitbe?(NMET2001)AwhatelseBwhoelseCwhichelses Dwhoelses除了不定代词外,另一种可以与除了不定代词外,另一种可以与else连用的词就是疑问词。连用的词就是疑问词。else结构的所有格是在结构的所有格是在else后加后加-s。 1.it作人称代词,代替前面提到的事物.2.it指代时间,季节,

61、距离.3.it作形式宾语,常用在6123结构中.(think,find,make,believe,)4.it作形式主语.当动名词,不定式,从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语.5.Itisthat.的强调句型.内容提要内容提要1代替上文中提到过的人或事物。指代人时,一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。例如:Whoisthebaby?ItsmyteacherssonWhoisthatgentleman?Itsmyfriend,TomHe(不可用It)wantstoseeyou【典型例题典型例题】 (NMET2001) )TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_willneedalot

62、ofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.whichB B2用于表达天气、环境、时间、距离、季节等。ItshalfanhourswalkfromheretoourschoolItsniceandwarmhereButitstwooclocknow,anditstimeforustogotoschool 注意下列几种表示时间的句型注意下列几种表示时间的句型.Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that.Itshightimethatweleft.Itisthefirst(second.)timethat.Itsthefirsttim

63、ethatIhavebeenpraised.Itis.since.Itsthreeyearssincetheygotmarried.Itis/was.when.Itwas1949whenthePRCwasfounded.Itis/was.before.Itwillbetwoyearsbeforewemeetagain.3.Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“6123结构结构”。6指主句中常用的动词:think,believe,make,find,consider,feel;1指的是形式宾语i

64、t;2指的是宾补的两种形式:形容词或名形容词或名 词;词;3指的是真正宾语的三种形式:不定式短不定式短 语语, , 动名词短语或动名词短语或 that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句。4.Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth.此句型中的真正主语是不定式短语,主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度,难易,安全等情况的形容词,常见的形容词有:important,necessary,naturaleasy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant在在中的形容词作表

65、语可以用从句改写,中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写,如:Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometothepartyIt作形式主语时的几个常见句型作形式主语时的几个常见句型:.Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.该句型中的不定式如果须要逻辑主语,则须要前置介词of,而句型中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词,常见的有:bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good(好心的),honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,n

66、aughty,nice(有教养的),polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong这个句型可以改写为:sb.iskindtodosth.Ittakessb.todosth.“做要花某人”Ittookmeagestorepairmycomputer.Itisnogood(use)doingsth.该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语,主句中的表语可以是nogood,nouse,novalue,noimportanceItsnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.Itdoesntmatterwhether(if).不论(是否)没关系Itdoesntmatterwh

67、etherheisformyplanornot.Ithappens(seems,appears)that.IthappenedthatIhadseenthisprobleminsomebook.Itissaid(reported,learned.)that.“据说”(据报道,据悉)ItissaidthathehasgonetoNewYorktoattendamedicalmeeting.Itisapity(ashame.)that.Itisapitythatwehavelostthematchwithaclosescore.Itisimportant(necessary,right,stran

68、ge,natural.)that.记住that后的从句应用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省去.Itissuggested(ordered.)that.that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省常译为据建议;有命令).Itisuptosb.todosth.该句型为“该由某人做”。该句型中up后的to是介词。Itisuptohimtocleanourclassroomtoday.今天应由他做教室清洁。Itisuptoparentstoteachtheirchildrenmanners.该由父母教孩子礼貌。5.Itis+被强调部分+that.将被

69、强调的部分放在前面,其它部分置于that之后被强调部分可以是主语,宾语,表语或状语强调的主语如果是人,that可以由who换用如果把这种句型结构划掉后,应该是一个完整无缺的句子这也是与其它从句区别判断的方法注意注意:Itisnotuntil+被强调部分被强调部分+that.强凋“直到才”,需将not置于until之前1.Itwasabout600yearsago_thefirstclockwithfaceandanhourhandwasmade(NMET97,单项填空)AthatBuntilCbeforeDwhen2._computersplaysuchanimportantpartinour

70、dailylife?AWhyitisthatBWhyisitthatCWhywasitthatDWhyisitB BA A3.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently_IbegantoappreciatetheirbeautyAuntilBthatCthenDso4.Itwashowtheyoungmanhadlearnedfiveforeignlanguages_attractedtheaudiencesinterest.A.sothatB.thatC.whatD.inwhichB BB B20102010年高考语法复习年高考语法复习定语从句1.定语从句考点定

71、语从句考点1、关系代词、关系代词thatwhich;whose;whichas的用的用法比较;法比较;2、关系代词和关系副词的用法比较;、关系代词和关系副词的用法比较;3、介词加关系代词引导的定语从句;、介词加关系代词引导的定语从句;4、定语从句与并列句的区别。、定语从句与并列句的区别。1、关系代词的用法比较、关系代词的用法比较问题问题1:1、Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.(05浙江卷)AwhichBthatCthisDit2、Luckily,wedbroughtaroadmapwithout_wewouldhav

72、elostourway.(04北京春季)A.itB.thatC.thisD.whichA A当先行词为物时,关系代词可以用that也可用which,但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which,不能用that。D D但在下列情况中,只能用但在下列情况中,只能用 that,不用,不用 which:当先行词是当先行词是all,alot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等词等词时时。如:Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.InthisfactoryIsawlittle/muchth

73、atwasdifferentfromours.当先行词被当先行词被all,any,no,much,little,few,every等限定词所修饰时。等限定词所修饰时。如:Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如:Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestomindistheWestLake.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所当先行词是形容词最高级或

74、被形容词最高级所修饰,以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰修饰,以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时时,如:Isthatthebestthatyoucando?Thatsthemostexpensivehotelthatweveeverstayedin.ThisnovelisthesecondbestonethatIhaveeverread.当先行词被当先行词被thevery,theonly,thenext,thelast等所修饰时。等所修饰时。如:ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名

75、词词组时。时。如:TheguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildrensPalace.Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.当主句是以当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。开头的特殊疑问句时。如:Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?问题问题2:1)Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from_effectsthep

76、eoplearestillsuffering.(05天津卷)A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what2)GeorgeOrwell,_wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.(04北京)A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealnameB BD D“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语(如题2),又能作宾语(如题1)。whose的先行词常用来指人(如题2),但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念(如题1),这时可以与ofwhich结构互换,词序是:

77、“名词+ofwhich”。题1可变为:fromtheeffectsofwhich问题问题3:1、_isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.(04江苏)A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As2、Johnsaidhedbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_wastrue.(01北京春季)AheBthisCwhichDwhoD D非限制性定语从句一般采用which或as来引导。使用这两个词时要注意三点:(1)as引导的从句可以放在主句之前,而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。(2)从意义上讲,which指

78、前面主句的内容;而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西,因此常译成“就象就象那样、正如所那样、正如所的的”。(3)如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极消极作用,则用which,而不用as,C C问题问题4:Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuthesaidit.(04湖北)AthewayBinthewaythatCinthewayDthewaywhichA A该句的意思是“使我感到惊奇的不是他说了些什么,而是他表达的方法。”句中“whathesaid”和“thewayhesaidit”是并列结构作表语。假如theway在从句中作状语,其中的关系词有三种不同的

79、表达方式。1)theway+that;2)theway后省略关系词;3)theway+inwhich。根据句意可以排除B、C;答案Dwhich前缺少介词in,所以答案为A。2、关系代词和关系副词的比较、关系代词和关系副词的比较问题问题1:1、Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_wevisitedthreemonthsago?(05北京春季)A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what2、Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers_shehadwipedherhands.(04全国II)A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that

80、C CA A当先行词是表时间时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果缺少主语或宾语主语或宾语,关系词应该用which或或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或或where。题1中的farm作visited的宾语,故选C;题2中的trousers作wiped的地点状语,故选A。使用关系副词应注意下列几点:使用关系副词应注意下列几点:1、关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词介词+which结构:when=on(in,at,during)+which;where=in(at,on)+which;why=forwhich

81、.如:IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.2、当先行词是表时间时间和表地点地点的词词时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或或where,试比较:Illneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.Illneverfo

82、rgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.Hisfatherworksinafactorywhereradiopartsaremade.Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/thatmakesradioparts.3、when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why只能引导限制性定语从句。3、介词加关系代词引导定语从句、介词加关系代词引导定语从句问题问题1:1、Theplace_thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_thecross-rivertraf

83、ficistheheaviest.(05江苏卷)A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich2、Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,_hewentontoCambridge.(05山东卷)A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthisC CC C题1中theplace在定语从句中作tobebuilt的地点状语,此处的atwhich相当于where;后面是表语从句,表示建在某地。题2表示读完当地的语法学校后去剑桥深造,故选C。 介词加关系代词引导定语

84、从句是近几年高考中介词加关系代词引导定语从句是近几年高考中的热点,复习中需注意以下几个问题:的热点,复习中需注意以下几个问题:1.关系代词作介词宾语,不论是在限制性定语从句中,关系代词作介词宾语,不论是在限制性定语从句中,还是在非限制性定语从句中,当介词前置时,只能还是在非限制性定语从句中,当介词前置时,只能用用whom指人,指人,which指物;但如果介词后置,则指物;但如果介词后置,则不受这种限制,关系代词还可以省去,特别是在口不受这种限制,关系代词还可以省去,特别是在口语中。如:语中。如:Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking?Doyouknowtheboy

85、(that)shewastalkingto?Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.2.要确认关系代词前用什么介词,需根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系来确定。所以解题时需分析从句与主句之间的关系。巩固练习:巩固练习:1.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_theycantalkfrequently.(04上海)上海)A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom2.TheEnglishplay_mystudentsactedattheNewYears

86、partywasagreatsuccess.(04全国全国I)AforwhichBatwhichCinwhichDonwhich3.Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf,_fivearemine.(04全国全国IV)Aonwhich BinwhichCofwhichDfromwhich4.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_thesailingtimewas226days.(04广西)广西)A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhichA AD

87、DC CC C4.非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别问题问题1:Therearetwobuildings,standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.(04湖北)AthelargerBthelargerofthemCthelargeronethatDthelargerofwhich 要区别是并列句还是非限制性定语从句,关键是看两个句子之间是否有连词,若有表示并列关系的连词或分号破折号,那就是并列句;如果两句之间没有这些连接符号,那就是非限制性定语从句,此时就需考虑使用适当的关系代词或关系副词了。D D巩固练习:巩固练习:1.Thefactoryprodu

88、ceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%aresoldabroad.(04辽宁)AofwhichBwhichofCofthemDofthat2.Ihavemanyfriends,somearebusinessmen.(05全国卷1)AofthemBfromwhichCwhoofDofwhomA AD D题2也可以改为:someofwhomarebusinessmen.如果在之前加上连词and,就只能用someofthem,而且不能倒装。5、注意、注意thesameas/suchas的使用问题的使用问题当先行词被thesame所修饰时,关系词既可以用as,

89、也可以用that。在表示具体事物时,有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来,表示同一种类多用as,表示同一事物多用that。如:ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterday.这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。ThisisthesameinstrumentasIusedyesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。在抽象概念抽象概念上,同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的,所以两个词可换用:Ihavethesameopinionas/thatyouhave. 这里要注意的是:这里要注意的是:(1)使用as时,它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略,但使用that时,定语从句中

90、的动词不可省略。如:Womenreceivedthesamepayasmen.Womenreceivedthesamepaythatmenreceived.(2)在“thesamethat”结构中,that只是用来加强语气,强调“相同”。that可以省去而不改变句子原意,甚至连名词前的same也可以省去。如:ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterday.=ThisisthesameinstrumentIusedyesterday.=ThisistheinstrumentIusedyesterday.但在“thesameas”结构中,same和as都不能省略

91、。(3)当“thesamethat”结构中的that作为关系副词用时,不可以直接与as互换。如:HelivesinthesamebuildingthatIlive.=Helivesinthesamebuildingas/thatIlivein.Shallwemeetatthesameplacethatwelastmet?=Shallwemeetatthesameplacethat/aswelastmetat?(4)当先行词前有such,so,as时,关系词应当用as。如:Awisemanseldomtalksaboutsuchthingsashedoesntunderstand.Hespoke

92、insucheasyEnglishaseverybodycouldunderstand.Atthistimeoftheday,allbusesandtrolleyshavetocarryasmanypassengersastheycan.Itissoeasyabookaseveryschoolboycanread.Letsdiscusssuchthingsaswecantalkoffreely.另需注意:另需注意:ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishasbeginnerscanunderstand.(定语从句)Thisbookiswritteninsucheas

93、yEnglishthatbeginnerscanunderstandit.(结果状语从句)20102010年高考语法复习年高考语法复习虚拟语气1.虚拟语气的考点虚拟语气的考点1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法;、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法;2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装;、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装;3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法;、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法;4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法;、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法;5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。1、陈述语气与虚拟语气、陈述语气与虚拟语气典型例题典型例题1)Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifi

94、t_.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined2)-Wouldyouhavecalledherup_possible?-Yes,butI_busydoingmyhomework.A.haditbeenwasB.ifitwaswereC.ifithadbeenhadbeenD.ifitwerewouldbeB该句为陈述语气,因为主句用的是willbeputoff。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时代将来时。问句中用的是虚拟语气,主句用wouldhavecalled,从句中与过去相反的动词形式为haddone;答句中表示的是真实的情况,所以该用陈述语气。A2、条

95、件句中的虚拟语气、条件句中的虚拟语气时时 间间 If If 条件句条件句主主 句句过过 去去haddonewouldhavedone现现 在在did/werewoulddo将将 来来shoulddoweretododid/werewoulddo高考题点击高考题点击1)Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_inturn,you_sotired.(96N)A.drovedidntgetB.haddrivenwouldnthavegotC.drovewouldntgetD.weredrivingwouldntget2)ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedo

96、ingtodayifI_inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.(02上海)A.wouldnthavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall前句用的是陈述语气,表示过去发生的事;后句是虚拟语气,表示与过去相反。BB该句主句中用的是与现在相反的虚拟语气,而从句中使用的是与过去相反的虚拟语气。全句意思为“如果我不在七岁时迷上了我们家乡的MelindaCoxLibrary,我真不能想象我今天会做什么。”3、条件句中虚拟语气的特殊情况、条件句中虚拟语气的特殊情况1)虚拟倒装

97、句虚拟倒装句Whatwouldhavehappened,_asfarastheriverbank?(01上海)A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther2)错综条件句错综条件句Ifyou_himyesterday,you_whattodonow.A.askedwouldknowB.hadaskedwouldhaveknownC.askedhimknowD.hadaskedwouldknowCD3)介词短语表条件介词短语表条件Butforyourhelp,wecoul

98、dnthavesucceeded.Theywouldnthavereachedtheagreementsoeasilywithoutthatcommonground.4)情境中提供虚拟语气情境中提供虚拟语气Supposetherewerenogravitationalforce,objectswouldnotfalltothegroundwhendropped.Shewasntfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldnthaveleftthemeetingsoearly.高考题点击:高考题点击:Jack_yet,otherwisehewouldhavephonedme

99、.(N97)A.mustnthavearrivedB.shouldnthavearrivedC.canthavearrivedD.neednthavearrivedC5)比较比较ifonly与与onlyifonlyif表示“只有”;ifonly则表示“如果就好了”。Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.当时闹钟响了,就好了。Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早点回来。4.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气、宾语从句中的

100、虚拟语气在动词suggest,order,demand,request,desire,insist,require,decide,determine,advise,recommend,deserve(值得提及)后需用should型的虚拟语气。考题点击:考题点击:1.Theteacherdemandedthatthework_before4oclock.A.finishedB.befinishedC.shouldfinishD.finish2.-Whatdidthedoctorsayaboutyourmothersillness?-Hesuggestedthatshe_anoperationat

101、once.A.musthaveB.hadC.haveD.hadhadBCB、主语从句中的虚拟语气、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型:基本句型:a.Itissuggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted;+(should)dob.Itisimportant,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,imperativec.Itisapity,ashame,nowonder考题点击:考题点击:1.Isitnecessarythathe_theexamination?A.ta

102、kesB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastoldDBC、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(shou

103、ld)holdameetingnextweek.考题点击:考题点击:1.Hissuggestionthatyou_oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantryA5.虚拟语气在其它情况下的使用虚拟语气在其它情况下的使用1)wish后的虚拟语气:后的虚拟语气:高考题点击:高考题点击:HowIwisheveryfamily_alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!(02上海)A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad2)asif从句:从句:高考题点击:高考题点击:Whenapencilispartl

104、yinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.(95N)A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenBC3)Itstime从句:从句:Itis(high)timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.类似的结构为wouldrather从句:Iwouldratheryouattendedthemeetingthisafternoon.考

105、题点击:考题点击:1.-DoyoumindifIleavethewindowopen?-Well,Idratheryou_.A.dontB.didntC.wontD.mustnt2.Itshalfpasteleven.Itshightime_home.A.wellB.wedC.weregoingD.wewentBD2010年高考语法复习形容词和副词形容词和副词考 点 分 析1、形容词和副词的基本用法;2、形容词和副词的位置;3、形容词和副词的级别;4、常见形容词和副词的用法比较。形容词的基本用法1、形容词的词义、形容词的词义问题问题问题问题1 1:-Imvery_withmyowncookin

106、g.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.-Mm,itdoeshavea_smell.(2002北京)A.pleasant,pleasedB.pleased,pleasedC.pleasant,pleasantD.pleased,pleasantD D高考中关于形容词的词义的题考得不少,复习时需密高考中关于形容词的词义的题考得不少,复习时需密高考中关于形容词的词义的题考得不少,复习时需密高考中关于形容词的词义的题考得不少,复习时需密切关注。该句中切关注。该句中切关注。该句中切关注。该句中 pleasedpleased表示表示表示表示“ “感到满意(高兴)的感到满意(高兴)

107、的感到满意(高兴)的感到满意(高兴)的” ”;pleasantpleasant表示表示表示表示“ “令人满意(高兴)的令人满意(高兴)的令人满意(高兴)的令人满意(高兴)的” ”。根据句意不。根据句意不。根据句意不。根据句意不难发现答案为难发现答案为难发现答案为难发现答案为D D。问题问题问题问题2 2:Theircheerfulvoiceshowedthattheywerehavinga_discussion.(1997上海)A.noisyB.seriousC.completeD.friendly问题问题问题问题3 3:Ifitisquite_toyou,IwillvisityounextT

108、uesday.(05天津卷)A.convenientB.fairC.easyD.comfortableD D该句中该句中该句中该句中 cheerfulcheerful是重要的提示词,意为是重要的提示词,意为是重要的提示词,意为是重要的提示词,意为“ “欢快的欢快的欢快的欢快的” ”。noisy;seriousnoisy;serious以及以及以及以及 completecomplete显然都与题义无关。是形显然都与题义无关。是形显然都与题义无关。是形显然都与题义无关。是形容词,意为容词,意为容词,意为容词,意为“ “友好的友好的友好的友好的” ”,只有它符合题义。,只有它符合题义。,只有它符合题

109、义。,只有它符合题义。Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.该句型意为:该句型意为:该句型意为:该句型意为:“ “某人某人某人某人方便(适合)做某事方便(适合)做某事方便(适合)做某事方便(适合)做某事” ”;一般不说;一般不说;一般不说;一般不说“ “sb.isconvenientsb.isconvenienttodosth.”todosth.”其它三个词显然不符合句义。其它三个词显然不符合句义。其它三个词显然不符合句义。其它三个词显然不符合句义。A A2、后置定语问题、后置定语问题问题问题问题问题4 4:Allthe

110、people_atthepartywerehissupporters.(02北京)A.presentB.thankfulC.interestedD.important解析:解析:解析:解析:形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是下列情况要后置:是下列情况要后置:是下列情况要后置:是下列情况要后置:proper(proper(本身本身本身本身),present(),present(在场的,出席的在场的,出席的在场的,出席的在场的,出席的),involved)

111、,involved(有关的有关的有关的有关的),concerned(),concerned(相关的相关的相关的相关的),left(),left(剩下的剩下的剩下的剩下的),objecting),objecting(反对的反对的反对的反对的),mentioned(),mentioned(提及的提及的提及的提及的),selected(),selected(当选的当选的当选的当选的) )等。等。等。等。如如如如thestudentspresent(thestudentspresent(出席的学生出席的学生出席的学生出席的学生) )thecostinvolved(thecostinvolved(所需费

112、用所需费用所需费用所需费用) )A Af.下列情况也要后置:a.some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词的修饰语要后置如:somethingnew;nothingserious;anythinginterestingb.else修饰不定代词和疑问代词时,要后置。如:Nobodyelseissosillyasyouare.c.不定式短语,动名词短语,分词短语,介词短语做定语要后置。如:Doyoustillremembertheafternooninthefirstyearatcollegewhentheprofessorgaveusachemistrylesson?d.以a-开头的形

113、容词做定语要后置如:alike,alive,alone,asleep,afraid,awake如:Heistheonlymanawakeatthattime.巩固练习:巩固练习:1.IcantgetagoodpictureonmyTVset.Theremustbesomething_withit.A.badB.matterC.thematterD.thewrong2._totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.A.Braveenoughstudents B.EnoughbravestudentsC.Student

114、sbraveenough D.Studentsenoughbrave3.Thereis_toholdthewater.A.nothingbigenoughB.nothingenoughbigC.bigenoughnothingD.enoughbignothingC CC CA A3、以、以-ly结尾的形容词结尾的形容词问题问题5:Whathesaidsounds_.(1993上海)A.nicelyB.pleasantly C.friendlyD.wonderfully解析:解析:解析:解析:1 1) 大部分形容词加大部分形容词加大部分形容词加大部分形容词加-ly-ly可构成副词。但可构成副词。

115、但可构成副词。但可构成副词。但 friendlyfriendly,deadlydeadly,lovelylovely,lonelylonely,likelylikely,livelylively,uglyugly,brotherlybrotherly,manly,timely,worldly(manly,timely,worldly(老于世故的老于世故的老于世故的老于世故的) )仍为形容词。仍为形容词。仍为形容词。仍为形容词。改错:改错:改错:改错:( (错)错)错)错) Shesanglovely.Shesanglovely.(对)(对)(对)(对) Hersingingwaslovely.

116、Hersingingwaslovely. (错)(错)(错)(错) Hespoketomeveryfriendly.Hespoketomeveryfriendly. (对)(对)(对)(对) Hespoketomeinaveryfriendlyway.Hespoketomeinaveryfriendlyway.22)有些以)有些以)有些以)有些以-ly-ly结尾既为形容词,也为副词。结尾既为形容词,也为副词。结尾既为形容词,也为副词。结尾既为形容词,也为副词。 dailydaily,weeklyweekly,monthlymonthly,yearlyyearly,earlyearly TheT

117、imesisadailypaper.Itispublisheddaily.TheTimesisadailypaper.Itispublisheddaily.C C多个形容词修饰名词的顺序问题问题问题问题1 1JohnSmith,asuccessfulbusinessman,hasacar.(04辽宁)AlargeGermanwhite BlargewhiteGermanCwhitelargeGerman DGermanlargewhite多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为: 限定词限定词限定词限定词-

118、-数词数词数词数词- -描绘词描绘词描绘词描绘词-(-(大小,长短,形状,新旧,大小,长短,形状,新旧,大小,长短,形状,新旧,大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色颜色颜色颜色)-)-出处出处出处出处- -材料性质,类别材料性质,类别材料性质,类别材料性质,类别- -名词名词名词名词根据这个公式,就不难排列出:大小根据这个公式,就不难排列出:大小根据这个公式,就不难排列出:大小根据这个公式,就不难排列出:大小 +颜色颜色颜色颜色 +出处,出处,出处,出处,故选择故选择故选择故选择B B。B B问题问题问题问题2:2:This_girlisLindscousin.(05北京卷)A.prettylittl

119、eSpanishB.SpanishlittleprettyC.SpanishprettylittleD.littleprettySpanish问题问题问题问题3 3:Onedaytheycrossedthe_bridgebehindthepalace.A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChinese D.Chinesestoneold由“限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) -性质-名词”的公式可知,描绘词 + 大小 + 出处的顺序,最符合答案。根据排列顺序:大小、形状大小、形状 + +年龄年龄+ +颜色颜色+ +来源来源

120、+ +质地质地+ +用途用途+ +名词名词可选择AA AA A常见形容词的比较1).worth-worthy-worthwhile2)alike-like-likely3)dead-deadly-deathly4)historic-historical5)live-lively-alive-living6)possible-probable-likely7)valueless-priceless8)respectable(可敬的、高尚的)-respectful(表示敬意的)Arespectablemanisrespectfultoothers.9)healthy(健康的)-healthful(

121、有益于健康的)Theairatseasideishealthfultous.Soallofusarehealthy.巩固练习:巩固练习:1.TheWorldCupinFrancewasthebiggest_footballmatchintheworld.A.aliveB.liveC.livelyD.living2.Anyonewhohasspenttimewithchildrenknowsthedifferenceinthewayboysandgirlsrespond(反应)tothe_situation.A.likelyB.sameC.alikeD.similar3.Its_torainbu

122、tnot_beforeevening.A.possibleprobableB.probablepossibleC.possiblyprobablyD.probablypossiblyB BD DA A副词的基本用法问题问题问题问题1 1:_,somefamousscientistshavethequalitiesofbeingbothcarefulandcareless.(04上海春季)A.StrangelyenoughB.EnoughstrangelyC.StrangeenoughD.Enoughstrange问题问题问题问题2 2:Canyoubelievethatin_arichcoun

123、trythereshouldbe_manypoorpeople?(1995N)A.such,suchB.such,so C.so,soD.so,suchA AB B副词enough要放在形容词和副词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。A:基本句型:such+(a)+adj.+n.;so+adj.+a+n.B:such后可加各种名词,而so后面只能加单数名词;C:so可加many,much,few,little等,而such不能。问题问题问题问题3 3:Wedontcareifahuntingdogsmells_,butwereallydontwanthimtosmell_.(1995上

124、海)A.well,well B.bad,badC.well,badly D.badly,bad问题问题问题问题4 4:Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_tocarryallthewayhome.(03全国卷)AmuchtooheavyBtoomuchheavyCheavytoomuchDtooheavymuchC CA Asmell有双重词性,作“闻起来”解是系动词,后接形容词作表语;作“嗅”解是形为动词,后接副词。该题的干扰项是B,“smellsbad”表示闻起来很臭,不可能同时放入两个空格。muchtoo是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词;toomuch是名

125、词或形容词,可单独使用或修饰名词。问题问题问题问题5 5:Johnisverylazy.Hefalls_behindinhisstudies.(05(广东卷)A.veryB.farC.moreD.still问题问题问题问题6 6:MustIturnoffthegasaftercooking?Ofcourse.Youcanneverbecarefulwiththat.(05江西卷)AenoughBtooCsoDveryB BB B副词的修饰关系是现今高考的热点之一,复习中应予以足够的重视。“farbehind”表示“远远地掉在后面”。“canneverbetoo”是一种固定的表达方式,意为“越就

126、越好”常用副词的比较问题问题问题问题1 1:Itwasrainingheavily.LittleMaryfeltcold,soshestood_tohermother.(2002北京)A.closeB.closelyC.closedD.closing问题问题问题问题2 2: Wedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining_.(1996N)A.badlyB.hardlyC.stronglyD.heavilyA AD Dcloseto离近,此处close是副词;closely表示“密切地”,与题意无关。表示“雨下得大”可用rainhard;ra

127、inheavily等,不用badly或strongly。表示“刮大风”可用strongwind。hardly是否定词,与句意无关。注意下面兼有两种形式的副词注意下面兼有两种形式的副词1)close与与closelyclose意思是“近”;closely意思是“仔细地”Heissittingclosetome.Watchhimclosely.2)late与与latelylate意思是“晚”;lately意思是“最近”Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?3)deep与与deeplydeep意思是“深”,表示时间和空间深度;deeply时常表示

128、感情上的深度,深深地Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.Heoftenworksdeepintothenight.Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.4)high与与highlyhigh表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于muchTheplanewasflyinghigh.Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.5)wide与与widelywide表示空间宽度;widely意思是“广泛地”,“在许多地方”Heopenedthedoorwide.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.6)free与与

129、freelyfree的意思是免费;freely的意思是无限制地Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.另外注意下列各组副词的用法区别另外注意下列各组副词的用法区别1)just-justnow2)rather-fairly3)yet-still-already4)hard-hardly-rarely-scarcely5)sucha+adj.+n.-so+adj.+a+n.6)most-mostly-almost7)especially-specially8)everyday-every

130、day9)sometime-sometimes-sometime巩固练习:巩固练习:1.Itsalwaysdifficultbeinginaforeigncountry,_ifyoudontspeakthelanguage.A.ExtremelyB.naturallyC.basicallyD.especially2.Wouldyoube_domeafavor?A.kindenoughB.sokindastoC.sokindtoD.kindasto3.Theguidetoldusthathewouldorganizesomebusinessmenfromabroadtohaveatour_the

131、nextmonth.A.sometimeB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimes4.Itis_thathisEnglishis_perfect.A.sureveryB.rightratherC.exactfairlyD.certainquiteD DB BB BD D形容词和副词的级别1、asas结构结构问题问题问题问题1 1:Johnisthetallestboyintheclass,_accordingtohimself.(05安徽卷)(B)A.fivefooteightastallasB.astallasfivefooteightC.asfivefooteight

132、tallasD.astallfivefooteightas问题问题问题问题2 2:Whatatable!Iveneverseensuchathingbefore.Itis_itislong.(05湖北卷)AhalfnotaswideasBwidenotashalfasCnothalfaswideasDaswideasnothalfB BC Castallas“高达”,fivefooteight=fivefeeteightinchesaswideas是比较,所以倍数词应放在前面。说明:说明:1)在否定句或疑问句中可用soas。Hecannotrunso/asfastasyou.2)当asas中间

133、有名词时采用以下格式。as+形容词+a+单数名词as+many/much+名词Thisisasgoodanexampleastheotheris.Icancarryasmuchpaperasyoucan.3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。Thisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.Yourroomisthesamesizeasmine.4)倍数+the+n+of倍数+as+adj.+asThisbridgeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.Thisbridgeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.Yourr

134、oomistwiceaslargeasmine.Yourroomistwicethesizeofmine.5)数量词+senior/junior+toHeissevenyearsseniortohiswife.Iamthreeyearsjuniortomyeldersister.、morethan结构结构问题问题问题问题1 1:Isyourheadachegetting_?No,itsworse.(05全国卷3)AbetterBbadClessDwell问题问题问题问题2 2:Mr.Smithowns_collectionofcoinsthananyoneelseIhaveevermet.(0

135、5山东卷)A.largerB.alargerC.thelargerD.alarge问题问题问题问题3 3:Thenumberofpeoplepresentattheconcertwas_thanexpected.Thereweremanyticketsleft.(04福建)AmuchsmallerBmuchmoreCmuchlargerDmanymoreA AB BA A问题问题问题问题4 4:Thedictionarygavemeabetterofferthan_.(1999上海)A.thatofDicksB.DicksC.hegaveDickD.thoseofDick问题问题问题问题5 5

136、:Yourestandingtoonearthecamera.Canyoumove_?(2000上海)A.abitfarB.alittlefartherC.abitoffartherD.alittlefar问题问题问题问题6 6:Inthatcase,thereisnothingyoucando_thanwait.(2001北京春季)A.moreB.otherC.betterD.anyC CB BB B1)要避免重复使用比较级。(错)Heismoreclevererthanhisbrother.(对)Heisclevererthanhisbrother.2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。(错)C

137、hinaislargerthatanycountryinAsia.(对)ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.3)要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanthatofBeijing.Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.4)程度词abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,agreatdeal,any,still,even等词可修饰比较级。除外,还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。以上词(除b

138、yfar)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。而byfar一般置于比较级之后和最高级之前。、ofthetwo结构结构问题问题问题问题1 1:Ofthetwoshirts,Idliketochoose_one.(94上海)A.thelessexpensiveB.themostexpensiveC.lessexpensiveD.mostexpensive问题问题问题问题2 2:Ifthemanagerhadtochoosebetweenthetwo,hewouldsayJohnwas_choice.(95上海)A.goodB.thebestC.betterD.thebetter说明:说明:在of

139、thetwo结构中,比较级前要加the,但如果不在ofthetwo结构中,要注意冠词的使用。后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有冠词。比较:Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralia?Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia?Sheistallerthanhertwosisters.Sheisthetallerofthetwosisters.A AD D4、the+最高级最高级+比较范围比较范围问题问题问题问题1 1:Davidhaswonthefirstprizeinsinging;heisstillveryexcitednowandf

140、eels_desiretogotobed.(05江苏卷江苏卷)A.themostB.moreC.worseD.theleast问题问题问题问题2 2:Greenland,_islandintheworld,coversovertwomillionsquarekilometers.(2000上海上海)A.itisthelargestB.thatisthelargestC.isthelargestD.thelargestD DD D1)形容词最高级前必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用。Theshortestboyrunsfastestinthe100-meterrace.形容词most前面没有

141、the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示“非常”。Itisamostimportantproblem.=Itisaveryimportantproblem.注意:注意:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。(错)Tomisthetallestofhisthreebrothers.(对)Tomisthetallestofthethreebrothers.2)下列词可修饰最高级,byfar,far,much,mostly,almostThishatisnearly/almostthebiggest.注意:注意:a.very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同。Thisistheverybest.This

142、ismuchthebest.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent.3)句型转换:Mikeisthemostintelligentinhisclass.Mikeismoreintelligentthananyotherstudentinhisclass.4)“否定词语+比较级”,“否定词语+soas”结构表示最高级含义。Nothingissoeasyasthis.=Nothingiseasierthanthis.=Thisistheeasiestthing.5、和、和more有关的词组有关的词组1)themorethemore越就越The

143、harderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyoullmake.2)moreBthanA与其说A不如说BlessAthanBHeismorelazythanslowathiswork.=Heislessslowthanlazyathiswork.3)nomorethan与一样(不),不比多TheofficialscouldseenomorethantheEmperor.nolessthan与一样Heisnolessdiligentthanyou.4)morethan不只是,非常Sheismorethankindtousall.20102010年高考语法复习年高考语法复习情态

144、动词1.情态动词的考点情态动词的考点1、can;may;mustshould;need等表示判断及推测;2、shall;should的特殊用法;3、情态动词的应答策略;4、对过去的判断或推测;5、dare;need的用法特点。2.情态动词的用法特点情态动词的用法特点1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2)情态动词情态动词除除ought和和have外,后面只能接不带外,后面只能接不带to的不定式。的不定式。3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第

145、三人称单数不加三人称单数不加-s。4)情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。词,等形式。f.3.情态动词表示推测的用法情态动词表示推测的用法A.对现在状态和动作的推测对现在状态和动作的推测高考题点击:高考题点击:1.Helen_goonthetripwithus,butsheisntquitesureyet.(05安徽卷)安徽卷)A.shallB.mustC.mayD.canC说明:说明:must加动词原形表示加动词原形表示“必须做必须做”;may加动词原加动词原形表示形表示“可能会做可能会做”;can加动词原形表示加动词原形表示“能够做能

146、够做”;can表示表示“可能性可能性”时一般用在问句和否定句中。该句的时一般用在问句和否定句中。该句的关键在于关键在于“butsheisntquitesureyet”。说明:说明:neednt表示表示“不必不必”;mustnt表示表示“不不准准”;shant用在二、三人称中表示用在二、三人称中表示“坚决不准坚决不准”,含有强烈的警告和命令的语气。,含有强烈的警告和命令的语气。shouldnt表表示示“非常不可能非常不可能”或或“应该不会应该不会”。2.There_beanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotint

147、hedrivingschool.(05上海卷)上海卷)A.mustntB.shantC.shouldntD.needntC3.Itsnearly7:00.Jack_behereatanymoment.(N1995)A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can4.Johnny,you_playwiththeknife,you_hurtyourself.(N1996)A.wont,cantB.mustnt,mayC.shouldnt,mustD.cant,shouldCBmust+be表示表示“肯定会肯定会”;need+be表示表示“需要在需要在”;should+动词原形表示动词原形表示“非

148、常有可能非常有可能”;can表示可能表示可能性只用在否定和疑问句中。性只用在否定和疑问句中。前句表示前句表示“你不能玩刀你不能玩刀”,此处的,此处的“不能不能”并非表示并非表示“能能力力”,而是表示,而是表示“允许允许”,所以只能用,所以只能用“mustnt”;后;后句表示句表示“可能会伤着你自己可能会伤着你自己”,故用,故用may。5.-AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?-Imnotsure.I_gototheconcertinstead.(N2000)A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might6.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How

149、_itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?(2001上海春季上海春季)A.canB.shouldC.mayD.mustDA此句的关键在于此句的关键在于“Imnotsure”,既然不能肯定,只能,既然不能肯定,只能是一种是一种“可能性可能性”。此句的意思为:此句的意思为:“Bush先生总是很守时,他怎么可能在先生总是很守时,他怎么可能在出席开幕仪式时迟到呢?出席开幕仪式时迟到呢?“can在否定句或疑问句中表示在否定句或疑问句中表示“可能性可能性”。7.-IsJohncomingbytrain?-Heshould,buthe_not.Helikesdrivin

150、ghiscar.(N2002)A.mustB.canC.needD.may8.-Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.-It_truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.(N2002北京北京)A.maynotbeB.wontbeC.couldntbeD.mustntbeDC此句的关键是此句的关键是“Helikesdrivinghiscar.”can和和may都可都可用于否定句中,用于否定句中,cant表示表示“根本不可能根本不可能”,语气很强;,语气很强;maynot表示表示“也许不可能也许不可能”,语气较弱。,语气

151、较弱。couldnt的语气比的语气比cant弱。弱。B.对过去动作或状态的推测对过去动作或状态的推测1.Tomoughtnotto_meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.(N1993)A.havetold B.tellC.betellingD.havingtold2.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI_forher.(N1994)A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitoutACoughtto相当于相当于should;此句

152、的关键是;此句的关键是“Hemeantnoharm”,显然指的是过去的事。,显然指的是过去的事。shouldhavewritten意指意指“本该写但实际上并没有写本该写但实际上并没有写”。3.-Therewerealready5peopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.-It_acomfortablejourney.(N1995)A.cantbeB.shouldntbeC.mustnthavebeenD.couldnthavebeen4.Susan_writtenareportlikethis.(1995上海上海)A.canhaveB.mustnth

153、aveC.canthaveD.oughttonothaveDC此句谈论的是过去的经历,故此句谈论的是过去的经历,故A、B不合题意;不合题意;must表示表示判断和推测只能用在肯定句中。判断和推测只能用在肯定句中。该句的意思为该句的意思为Susan不可能写出这样的报告来。不可能写出这样的报告来。oughttohavedone的否定式为的否定式为oughtnottohavedone。5.Jack_yet,otherwisehewouldhavephonedme.(N97)A.mustnthavearrivedB.shouldnthavearrivedC.canthavearrivedD.needn

154、thavearrived6.-IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.-Oh,didyou?You_withBarbara.(N1998)A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayedCA此句的关键是后半句,此句的关键是后半句,“otherwisehewouldhavephonedme”,此处为省略了条件句的虚拟语气,表示,此处为省略了条件句的虚拟语气,表示“如果到了如果到了他会打电话给我的他会打电话给我的”,由此可见,他肯定没到。,由此可见,他肯定没到。此句并不表示判断,而是一个虚拟语气。此句并不表示判断,而

155、是一个虚拟语气。4.shall;should的特殊用法的特殊用法1.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates_remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.(2002上海上海)A.canB.willC.mayD.shall2.Itsnearly7:00.Jack_behereatanymoment.(N95)A.mustB.needC.shouldD.canDC该句的意思为:该句的意思为:“通知说所有的考生必须坐在位置上直到通知说所有的考生必须坐在位置上直到考卷收完了才能离开。考卷收完了才能离开。”考生坐在位置

156、上不能用考生坐在位置上不能用“能够、能够、将要、可以将要、可以”来表示。而来表示。而shall在第二、三人称里面表示在第二、三人称里面表示一种一种“命令、警告、承诺命令、警告、承诺”等。等。3.-WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.-They_bereadyby12:00.(N1998)A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need4.Youcantimaginethatawell-behavedgentleman_besorudetoalady.(2001上海上海)A.mightB.needC.shouldD.woul

157、dBC此句应是店主对顾客的承诺。此句应是店主对顾客的承诺。should与与how;why等表示疑问或否定的词连用时,用来等表示疑问或否定的词连用时,用来表示一种惊奇的心情,意思为表示一种惊奇的心情,意思为“居然、竟然居然、竟然”5.情态动词的应答情态动词的应答1.-ShallItellJohnaboutit?-No,you_.Ivetoldhimalready.(N1994)A.needntB.wouldntC.mustntD.shouldnt2.-CouldIcallyoubythefirstname?-Yes,you_.(1998上海上海)A.willB.couldC.mayD.might

158、AC此句的关键是此句的关键是“Ivetoldhimalready”,由此可见,你,由此可见,你就不必再对他说了。就不必再对他说了。在回答在回答“CouldI”这类婉客气的请求时,只能回答这类婉客气的请求时,只能回答“Yes,youcan或或may”。不能用。不能用could或或might。3.-Willyoustayforlunch?-Sorry,_.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.(N1999)A.ImustntB.IcantC.IneedntD.Iwont4.-Writetomewhenyougethome.-_.(2001北京春季北京春季)A.ImustB.Ishoul

159、dC.IwillD.IcanBC此句的关键是此句的关键是“Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.”所以我所以我不能在这儿吃饭。不能在这儿吃饭。在回答对方的请求或命令时,应该用在回答对方的请求或命令时,应该用“Yes,Iwill.”而不而不能使用能使用would或或should。6.情态动词的其它一些用法情态动词的其它一些用法1.Iwonderhowhe_thattotheteacher.(1996上海上海)A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay2.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybut

160、everyone_getout.(N1997)A.hadtoB.wouldC.wasabletoD.could3.Whenhewasthere,he_gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.(1996上海上海)A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetter D.mightDCA注意比较注意比较dare和和need的两种词性的不同用法。的两种词性的不同用法。注意比较注意比较could与与wasableto的用法区别。的用法区别。would在此处表示过去惯常的动作。在此处表示过去惯常的动作。20102010年高考语法复习年高考语法复习状语

161、从句状语从句考点状语从句考点1、各种从属连词的含义及用法比较;、各种从属连词的含义及用法比较;2、nomatterwh-与与wh-ever引导的从句的区别;引导的从句的区别;3、状语从句的时态问题;、状语从句的时态问题;4、状语从句的倒装问题;、状语从句的倒装问题;5、状语从句与其它从句的区别。、状语从句与其它从句的区别。1、时间状语从句、时间状语从句问题问题1:Dontbeafraidofaskingforhelpitisneeded.(03全国卷)Aunless BsinceCalthoughDwhen根据句意,此处只能为时间状语从句,故答案为D。unless引导条件状语从句,意为“除非”

162、;although引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”;since虽引导时间状语从句,但意思为“从以来”,这些都与题意无关。引导时间状语的引导词很多,复习复习when时要注意比较它与时要注意比较它与while与与as的区别的区别。D Dwhen,while,as三者的具体用法关键在于动作发生的时间三者的具体用法关键在于动作发生的时间及从句的动词。及从句的动词。while表时间,从句需用延续性动词,不用表时间,从句需用延续性动词,不用瞬间动词;瞬间动词;when表时间,从句既可用延续性动词,又可以表时间,从句既可用延续性动词,又可以用瞬间动词;用瞬间动词;as表时间,与表时间,与when相似,但侧重强

163、调主、从相似,但侧重强调主、从句动作同点或同段进行,可用延续行动词的一般过去式表式句动作同点或同段进行,可用延续行动词的一般过去式表式过去进行时。过去进行时。when,while后还可以接分词短语。后还可以接分词短语。when作作并列连词,表示一个动作在发生时,另一个动作接着发生,并列连词,表示一个动作在发生时,另一个动作接着发生,这时就不能用这时就不能用while、as。Iwaswalkingonthestreetwhensuddenlysomeonepattedmeontheshoulder.while作并列作并列连词,表示两种情况对比。连词,表示两种情况对比。Hewasplayingth

164、eguitarwhilehissisterwaswatchingTV.问题问题2:1)Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhimhebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade.(03北京春季)AafterBunlessCuntilDWhen2)Simonthoughthiscomputerwasbroken_hislittlebrotherpointedoutthathehadforgottentoturniton.(05北京春季)A.untilB.unlessC.a

165、fterD.becauseC CA Auntil/till“直到止”(肯定句,主句是延续性动词);notuntil“直到才”(否定句,主句是终止性动词);until可用于倒装句和强调句,till不用于句首。NotuntilIreturneddidshefinishherhomework.ItwasnotuntilIreturnedhomethatshefinishedherhomework.问题问题3:1、TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryears_theNorthwonintheend.(05广东卷)A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.then2、Hema

166、deamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation_itgotworse.(03北京)A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.asB Bbefore从句是高考中的一大热点,从时间概念上不难作出判断。注意它的翻译:在肯定句中一般翻译成“(主句的动作)才才(从句的动作)”,如题1;或“还没有(从句的动作)就就(主句的动作)”,如题2。C C问题问题4:DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?Yes,Igaveittoher_Isawher.(01北京春季)AwhileBthemomentCsuddenlyDonce

167、B Bthetime(当的时刻),themoment/minute/second/instant(一就),nexttime(下次),thefirsttime(第一次的时候),thelasttime(上次的时候),immediately(一就),instantly(一就),directly(一就)等词或词组可引导表示时间的状语从句;还有一些表示习惯性动作的词如:everytime(每次),eachtime(每次),whenever(每当)等也可引导表示时间的状语从句。2、条件状语从句、条件状语从句问题问题1:1、TheWTOcannotliveuptoitsname_itdoesnotinclu

168、deacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind.(2000全国)AaslongasBwhileCifDeventhough2、Itisknowntoallthat_youexerciseregularly,youwontkeepgoodhealth.(05重庆卷)A.unlessB.wheneverC.althoughD.ifC CA Aunless相当于ifnot,意思是“除非”“如果不就”。这也是高考的热点之一。复习时也应给予高度重视。问题问题2:1、_Icansee,thereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedan

169、ger.(04北京春季)北京春季)A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.JustasD.Evenif2、IalwaystakesomethingtoreadwhenIgotothedoctors_Ihavetowait.(05全国卷全国卷3)Aincase BsothatCinorderDasifB BA Aaslongas与asfaras都可引导条件状语从句,aslongas表示“只要”,asfaras表示“就而论(而言)”。题1根据题意应该选用B。incase表示“以防”,根据题2的句意,不难作出选择。3、让步状语从句、让步状语从句问题问题1:1、_Iacceptthatheisnot

170、perfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.(04江苏)A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless2、Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions,_theyaredifferentfromyourown.(05湖南卷)(B)A.untilB.evenifC.unlessD.asthoughA AB Bwhile是高考中的高频词,它既可引导时间状语从句,又可引导并列句,还可引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”。evenif等于eventhough,表示“即使、尽管”。asthough等于asif,引导方式状语从句,表示“好

171、像、似乎”。问题问题2:1、Hetriedhisbesttosolvetheproblem,_difficultitwas.(05天津卷)A.howeverB.nomatterC.whateverDalthough2、Theoldtowermustbesaved,_thecost.(05浙江)AhoweverBwhateverCwhicheverDwhereverA AB Bnomatterwh-与与wh-ever的联系及区别:的联系及区别:nomatterwh-只引导让步状语从句,此时与wh-ever通用。如:Nomatterwhen/Wheneverhecomesback,heshould

172、beinvitedtotheparty.wh-ever又可引导名词性从句,Nomatterwh-不能。如:WhateverIcandoforyouwillbenothingbutpayingadebt.Whoevercanhelpuswillbewelcome4.状语从句的时态问题状语从句的时态问题问题问题1:1、Thehousecouldfalldownsoonifnoone_somequickrepairwork.(04全国IV)Ahasdone BisdoingCdoes Dhaddone2、Itisalmostfiveyears_wesaweachotherlasttime.(05北京

173、春季)A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.when在条件,时间和让步从句中,用一般现在时表示一般将来时,用现在完成时表将来完成时,用一般过去时表过去将来时。在since引导的时间状语从句中,动词一般都用一般过去时,而主句常用现在完成时。C CB B5、状语从句的倒装问题、状语从句的倒装问题问题问题1:1、Sodifficult_ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglish.(01上海)A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeel2、Notuntilallthe

174、fishdiedintheriver,_howseriousthepollutionwas.(95NMET)A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didntthevillagersrealize状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况:否定词开头;so加adj.开头;as/though引导的让步状语从句。D DA A特别注意:特别注意:HardlywhenNosoonerthanChildasheis,Hardlyhadhegottothestation,thetrainleft.Nosooner

175、hadhegottothestation,thetrainleft.Childasheis,hecanspeaksevenforeignlanguages.6、状语从句与并列句的区别、状语从句与并列句的区别问题问题1:1、Thoughheisinhissixties,_heworksashardasayoungmanA.yetB.butC.andD.andyet2、Excusemeforbreakingin,_Ihavesomenewsforyou.(NMET02)A.soB.andC.butD.yet题1是主从复合句,所以中间不能使用并列连词and;or;but;so等。yet是副词,只有y

176、et可以与though连用。题2为并列句,而“Excuse,but”为一固定搭配。在复习中需要细心的分析句子结构和成分。A AC C主谓一致主谓一致(一)谓语动词常用复数的情况(一)谓语动词常用复数的情况(一)谓语动词常用复数的情况(一)谓语动词常用复数的情况 1)主语为复数名词或代词主语为复数名词或代词Theteachersarerespectedintheworld.2)当当people,police,cattle等集体名词作主语,形式上等集体名词作主语,形式上 为单数而意义却是复数,谓语用复数为单数而意义却是复数,谓语用复数Thepolicearelookingforthemissing

177、child.Thecattlearekeptinhisfarm.3)山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s结尾的复数名词作主语结尾的复数名词作主语。TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.TheRockymountainsstandinthewestofthenorthAmerica4)the+adj.表示一类人表示一类人或物做主语时或物做主语时如如the+blind,deaf,living,dead,wounded,poor,richold,young等Thedeadaresoonforgotten.Thericharenotalwa

178、yshappy.Generallyspeakingtheyoungareeagerforsuccess.5)the+姓的复数形式表一家人姓的复数形式表一家人TheWhitesaregoingtomakeatriptoLondon.TheGreenswerewatchingTVwhenafirebrokeout.(二)谓语动词常用单数的情况(二)谓语动词常用单数的情况(二)谓语动词常用单数的情况(二)谓语动词常用单数的情况 1)可数名词的单数及不可数名词作主语时。可数名词的单数及不可数名词作主语时。2)表示时间、距离、金钱、长度、重量等复数名词作表示时间、距离、金钱、长度、重量等复数名词作主语,

179、表达一个整体概念时。主语,表达一个整体概念时。Twentyyearsisonlyashorttimeinhumanhistory.3)主语从句、动词不定式、动名词主语从句、动词不定式、动名词形式作主语时,形式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。Lookingafterthechildrenismyfulltimejob.Todieforthepeopleisaworthydeath.Whenandwheretoholdthemeetingisunknown.Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.4)以以-S结尾的单数名词,形式为复数而意义为单数结尾的单数名词,形式为复

180、数而意义为单数如表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语如表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语,(news,physics,maths,politics)谓语用单数。谓语用单数。TheUnitedstatesismadeupof50states.TheTimesisanewspaperfortheBritishgovernmentGreatExpectationswaswrittenbyCharlesDickensin1860.5)clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage等无生命的集合名词作主语。等

181、无生命的集合名词作主语。Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.6)eachneithereither+of+the+复数名词或代词Eachofushasadictionary.Eitherofthebooksonthetablebelongstome.Neitherofthemisfitforthejob.7)manya/each/everyeither/neithermorethanone+单数名词Manyastudenthasseenthefilm.Neitherstoryistrue. 当each放在主语后作同位语时,不决定谓语单复数Theyeac

182、hhaveadictionary.=Eachofthemhasadictionary.More than one More than one studentstudent hashas seen the film. seen the film.More More studentsstudents than one than one havehave seen the film. seen the film.8)everyeachnomanya+名词单数and+everyeachnomanya+名词单数作主语时谓语用单数Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.Man

183、yaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.9)由由some, any, no, every + one/thing/body some, any, no, every + one/thing/body 所构成的复合代词做主语时,谓语用单数所构成的复合代词做主语时,谓语用单数Nobodywantstogothere.Somethinghasbeendonetoendthestrike.10)man(人类人类)和和theworld(世人世人)作主语时作主语时Manhascreatedmanyusefulthings.Theworldknowsthattheearthisr

184、ound.(三)其它情况(三)其它情况(三)其它情况(三)其它情况1)用用andand或或bothbothandand连接的两个名词作主语时,谓语动词连接的两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用用复数复数形式。但是如果形式。但是如果andand连接的两个名词作主语,连接的两个名词作主语,指同一个指同一个人或事或人或事或整体概念整体概念,谓语动词用,谓语动词用单数单数(如果是可数名(如果是可数名词的单数这时词的单数这时andand后面的名词一般没有冠词)。后面的名词一般没有冠词)。用用is/are填空填空EnglishandChinesequitedifferentlanguages.Waterandai

185、rbothimportant.Ayoungmanandagirl togothere.Thesingerandthewriterfamoustomanyyoungpeople.areareareareThemanagerandsecretaryasbusyasabeealldayThesingerandwriter famoustoeveryone.Warandpeace(战争与和平)(战争与和平)aconstantthemeinhistory.Aknifeandfork(刀叉)刀叉)neededforawesternmeal.Breadandbutter(黄油面包黄油面包)servedfor

186、breakfast.Earlytobedandearlytorise(早睡早起)(早睡早起)agoodhabit.isisisisisisironandsteel钢铁钢铁lawandorder治安治安awatchandchain一块带链的表一块带链的表Aneedleandthread(针线针线)acoatandtie配有领带的上衣配有领带的上衣2)单、复数同形的名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则。单、复数同形的名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时,谓语动词用单数,反之谓语动词用复数。作单数意义时,谓语动词用单数,反之谓语动词用复数。这类名词有:这类名词有:sheep, fish, deer

187、, means(sheep, fish, deer, means(方法方法), ), species(species(种类种类),works(),works(工厂工厂), Chinese, Japanese), Chinese, Japanese等。等。选择填空选择填空 has/haveEverymeansbeentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.Allmeansbeentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.hashavewas/wereThisshoeworkssetupin1980.Thoseshoeworksallsetupin1980.waswere3)

188、 3) 表示成双成套的名词,如:表示成双成套的名词,如:chopsticks (chopsticks (筷子筷子), ), compasses, clothes, glasses, jeans, scissors, compasses, clothes, glasses, jeans, scissors, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves, shortsshoes, socks, trousers, gloves, shorts等,作主语时,等,作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;但如与谓语动词通常用复数形式;但如与a kind of, a pair of,a kin

189、d of, a pair of, the pair of, a series of the pair of, a series of 连用,作主语时,连用,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:谓语动词用单数形式。如: This kind of books is useful. = Books of this kind are useful. 4)某些集体名词(如某些集体名词(如 family, team family, team 等)作主语时,等)作主语时, 如果作如果作为一个整体看待,谓语用为一个整体看待,谓语用单数形式单数形式;如果就其中一个个成员而;如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用言,

190、谓语动词用复数复数。类似动词还有:。类似动词还有: class, club, company, crowd, enemy, government, class, club, company, crowd, enemy, government, group, party, public, team group, party, public, team等。等。1)Hisfamily_(be)abigfamily2)Hisfamily_(be)listeningtomusicwhenhecameback3)ThepopulationinChina_(be)verylarge,andeightyoft

191、hepopulationinChina_(be)farmers.iswereisare5)就近原则就近原则下列连词连接两个主语时,及下列连词连接两个主语时,及therebe句型有多个并列主语,句型有多个并列主语,谓语应与最靠近的主语保持一致。谓语应与最靠近的主语保持一致。AorBeitherAorBneitherAnorBnotonlyAbutalsoBtherebeA,BandCnotAbutB动词与靠近的主语一致1)Eitherthegirlortheboy_inCanada.(is/are)is2)NeitherhenorI_theanswer.(knows/know)know3)Not

192、onlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.are5)Youorhe_toblame你或他有一人要受责备。你或他有一人要受责备。_youorhetoblame?受责备的是你还是他?受责备的是你还是他?Ais,IsBare,AreCis,AreDare,Is6)_eitherheoryouright?(be)(注意就近原则在疑问中的使用注意就近原则在疑问中的使用)Is4)You,heorIright.am7)Eitheryouortheheadmaster_theprizetothosegiftedstudent

193、satthemeeting.(NMET1994)A.ishandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandoutD6)就前原则就前原则, ,当主语后面跟有当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as,no less than, along with,as well as, as much as,no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, with, like, rather than, together with, but, excep

194、t, besides,including, in addition to except, besides,including, in addition to等词组时,其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。等词组时,其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。2)NobodybutJohnandHelenabsent.I,ratherthanyou,responsiblefortheaccident.wasam1)Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.(NMET2004北京卷北京卷

195、)A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbeA7)Noneof+n(复数)作主语,谓语用单数或复数均可(复数)作主语,谓语用单数或复数均可Noneof+n(单数)作主语,谓语用单数(单数)作主语,谓语用单数Noneofthecarswas/weredamaged.这些车都没有受损。Noneofthefoodhasgonebad.食物没有变质。8)anumberof+n(复数)作主语,谓语用复数(复数)作主语,谓语用复数thenumberof+n(复数)作主语,谓语用单数(复数)作主语,谓语用单数Thenumberofthepeopleinvited_fifty,butanumb

196、erofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.(NMET1996)A.were,wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;werealargequantityof+c/u+谓语单数谓语单数largequantitiesof+c/u + +谓语复数谓语复数A large quantity of people is needed here. Large quantities of food have rotten away.C9 9)关系代词作主语,定语从句谓语动词的形式取决于其)关系代词作主语,定语从句谓语动词的形式取决于其先行词的单复数。先行词的单复数。

197、 He is one of He is one of the few personsthe few persons who who a a good knowledge of Italian. good knowledge of Italian. 他是精通意大利语的少数人之一。他是精通意大利语的少数人之一。havewas He is He is the only one of the boysthe only one of the boys who who given a prize.given a prize. 他是这些孩子中唯一受到奖励的。他是这些孩子中唯一受到奖励的。 当当oneone之

198、前有之前有the onlythe only修饰时,修饰时,oneone是是whowho 的先行词,从句谓语动词用单数。的先行词,从句谓语动词用单数。agreatdealof/alargeamountof+u+谓语单数但largeamountsof+u+谓语复数10)10)倒装句中,必须认准哪是主语。如倒装句中,必须认准哪是主语。如:1)Between the two buildings 1)Between the two buildings (stand)(stand) a monument.a monument.2)On the ship 2)On the ship (be)(be) ove

199、r 2,200 people.over 2,200 people. 3)More than 1,500 people lost their lives. 3)More than 1,500 people lost their lives. Among those Among those (be)(be) the young woman.the young woman.standswere/arewas11).such,thesame起指示代词作用,应根据其所指的内容起指示代词作用,应根据其所指的内容来确定单、复数。如:来确定单、复数。如:Suchisourplan.Sucharemyhopes

200、.12).12).all all 做主语表示人时,谓动用复数;若表物,谓动则用单数。做主语表示人时,谓动用复数;若表物,谓动则用单数。 All All isis well that ends well. well that ends well. All All areare eager to reach an agreement. eager to reach an agreement.13)partof/halfof/percentof/onethirdof+名词,名词,谓语动词要与谓语动词要与of后面的名词保持一致。后面的名词保持一致。RevisionoftheAdverbialClaus

201、es状语从句复习状语从句复习九九种种常常用用的的状状语语从从句句及及其其常常用用的的连连接接词词时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句九九种种常常用用的的状状语语从从句句及及其其常常用用的的连连接接词词时间状语从句when,while,as,before,after,assoonas,till,until,notuntil,thefirst/second/lasttime,themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardlywhen,scar

202、celywhen,nosoonerthanwhere,whereverbecause,since,as,nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthatif,unless,now(that),as(so)longas,incase,onconditionthat,suppose/supposing,provided/providingalthough,though,eventhough/if,as,while,nomatterwhich/what/when/where/who/how,whichever,wherever,whatever,whoever,whenever,

203、however,whetheror;地点状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句九九种种常常用用的的状状语语从从句句及及其其常常用用的的连连接接词词结果状语从句sothat,sothat,suchthatsothat,incase,forfearthat,lesthow,as,asif/asthoughthan,asas,notso/asas,the+比较级,the+比较级目的状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句九九种种常常用用的的状状语语从从句句时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句状语从句有九种,状语从句有九种, 时地原

204、因条状补,时地原因条状补,目比结果方让步,目比结果方让步,连词引导各不同;连词引导各不同;主句通常前面走,主句通常前面走, 连词引导紧随后,连词引导紧随后,从句若在主前头,从句若在主前头, 主从之间有个逗。主从之间有个逗。1.WhileIwaswonderingatthis,ourschoolmastertookhisplace.()2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.()3.Nowthat/Sinceeverybodyishere,letsbeginourmeeting.()4.Illspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.()5.

205、Socleverwasheastudentthathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.()6.Aslongasyoudontloseheart,youllsucceed.()7.Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.()8.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.()时间时间地点地点原因原因目的目的结果结果条件条件让步让步方式方式状语从句的分类状语从句的分类1、各种从属连词的含义及用法、各种从属连词的含义及用法比较;比较;2、nomatterwh-与与wh-ever引引导的从句

206、的区别;导的从句的区别;3、状语从句的时态问题;、状语从句的时态问题;4、状语从句倒装及紧缩问题;、状语从句倒装及紧缩问题;5、状语从句与其它从句的区别。、状语从句与其它从句的区别。考考点点难难点点1.时间状语从句时间状语从句问题问题1:1.(04北京春)Wewereswimminginthelake_suddenlythestormstarted.A.whenB.whileC.until D.before2.(02上海)Hewasabouttotellmethesecret_someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.asB.untilC.whileD.when3.(05

207、上海)Hetransplantedthelittletreetothegarden_itwasthebesttimeforit.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.until4.(05福建)DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?Yes.Itwasnotyeteightoclock_hearrivedhome.A.BeforeB.whenC.that D.until5.(06辽宁)Hewasabouthalfwaythroughhismeal_afamiliarvoicecametohisears.A.whyB.whereC.whenD.whileA AD DB BB

208、 BC C连接词连接词when的用法小结的用法小结1. when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是可延续引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是可延续 的,也可以是表短暂性动作的动词,可用于主句和从句的,也可以是表短暂性动作的动词,可用于主句和从句 动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如:动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如: When the film ended, the people went back. When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.2. 可用作并列连词,其意义为可用作并列连词,其意义为“那时,这时那

209、时,这时”,相当于,相当于 and at this/that time。常用于下列句式:。常用于下列句式: Somebody was doing something/was about to do sth./was on the point of doing sth. when (刚要刚要这时突然这时突然)3. 还可以表示原因还可以表示原因“既然既然”,相当于,相当于since; considering that。如:。如: It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes

210、 .问题问题2:6.(06天津)ThecostoflivinginGlasgowisamongthelowestinBritain,_thequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest.A.sinceB.whenC.asD.while7.(04年江苏)_Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless连接词while的用法小结1.while引导的动作必须是持续性的,侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如:Pleasedonttalksoloudwhileo

211、thersareworking.2.while作为并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。3.while可表示尽管,相当于although。D DA A连接词连接词when, while, as的用法区别:的用法区别:1while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的,引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的, 而而when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的,也引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的,也 可以是表短暂性动作的动词。如:可以是表短暂性动作的动词。如:When/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell r

212、ing. When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. (不可用不可用 while)2从句动作发生在主句动作之前时,只能用从句动作发生在主句动作之前时,只能用when引导这个引导这个 从句,不可用从句,不可用as或或while。如:。如: When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3表示表示“随着随着”,连词用,连词用as,不用,不用when或或while。如:。如: As the election approached, the violence got worse.4如果主句表示的是

213、短暂动作,而从句用延续性动作的进行如果主句表示的是短暂动作,而从句用延续性动作的进行 时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时,时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时,when, while 与与as 可互换使用。如:可互换使用。如: When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.问题问题3:1. (01北京春北京春)Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw h

214、er. A. whileB. the moment C. suddenlyD. once2. (1998上海上海) I thought her nice and honest _ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first timeD. by the first time3. _ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had heD

215、. Hardly he had B BC CC C小结:小结:1一些词,如一些词,如the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan等也可引导一个时等也可引导一个时 间状语从句,相当于间状语从句,相当于as soon as的意思。的意思。 I didnt wait a moment, but came immediately you called.2一些含有一些含有time的名词短语,如的名词短语,如every time,

216、each time, next time, by the time等,以及等,以及the day, the year, the morning等,也可引导一个时间状语从句。等,也可引导一个时间状语从句。 The day he returned home, his father was already dead. Next time you come, please bring your composition.3. 如果如果hardly或或no sooner或或scarcely置于句首,句子必置于句首,句子必 须用部分倒装结构。须用部分倒装结构。 Hardly had I got home w

217、hen it began to rain.问题问题4:1. (03北京春北京春) Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when2. (03上海上海) A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity _ he reaches

218、the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until3. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; thenC CD DB B小结:小结:till, until和和notuntil:1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时,主句的动词引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时,主句的动词 是延续性动词,表示

219、动作或状态一直持续到是延续性动词,表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所所 表示的时间,意为表示的时间,意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停某动作一直延续到某时间点才停 止止”。如:。如: We waited until he came. 2用于否定句时,主句谓语动词是非延续性动词,从句用于否定句时,主句谓语动词是非延续性动词,从句 为肯定,意为为肯定,意为“某动作直到某时间才开始某动作直到某时间才开始”。如:。如: He wont go to bed till/until she returns.3till不可以置于句首,而不可以置于句首,而until可以。如:可以。如: Until

220、you told me I had no idea of it.4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法:句型中的强调和倒装说法: It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.问题问题5:1. (03年北京年北京) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. A. until B. when C. beforeD. as2. (04福建

221、福建) Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when3. (06四川四川)Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room_I could say a word. A. before B. untilC. whenD. after4. (05北京春北京春) It is almost f

222、ive years _ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. because C CC CA AB B连接词before的小结:一、含义1Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbefore wesawland.2Wehadntrunamilebeforehefelttired.3Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.4BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.“才”“不到就”“趁”“还没来得及”二Before从句中谓语不

223、用否定式。如:Beforetheyreachedthestation,thetrainhadgone.三1)句型Itwillbe/was段时间before“还要过多久才”如:Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.2)句型Itwillbe/wasnot一段时间before“不多久就”如:Itwasnttwoyearsbeforeheleftthecountry.3)句型Itis段时间since时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如:Itisthreeyearssinceshewasinthearmy.Itisthreeyearss

224、inceshejoinedthearmy.2、条件状语从句、条件状语从句问题问题1:1、TheWTOcannotliveuptoitsname_itdoesnotincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind.(2000全国)AaslongasBwhileCifDeventhough2、Itisknowntoallthat_youexerciseregularly,youwontkeepgoodhealth.(05重庆卷)A.unlessB.wheneverC.althoughD.ifC CA Aunless相当于ifnot,意思是“除非”“如果不就”

225、。这也是高考的热点之一。复习时也应给予高度重视。问题问题2:1、_Icansee,thereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger.(04北京春季)北京春季)A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.JustasD.Evenif2、IalwaystakesomethingtoreadwhenIgotothedoctors_Ihavetowait.(05全国卷全国卷3)Aincase BsothatCinorderDasifB BA Aaslongas与asfaras都可引导条件状语从句,aslongas表示“只要”,asfaras表示“就而论(而

226、言)”。题1根据题意应该选用B。incase表示“以防”,根据题2的句意,不难作出选择。3、让步状语从句、让步状语从句问题问题1:1、_Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.(04江苏)A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless2、Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions,_theyaredifferentfromyourown.(05湖南卷)A.untilB.evenifC.unlessD.asthoughA AB Bwhile是高考中的高频词,它既可引导时间状语从句,

227、又可引导并列句,还可引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”。evenif等于eventhough,表示“即使、尽管”。asthough等于asif,引导方式状语从句,表示“好像、似乎”。问题问题2:1、Hetriedhisbesttosolvetheproblem,_difficultitwas.(05天津卷)A.howeverB.nomatterC.whateverDalthough2、Theoldtowermustbesaved,_thecost.(05浙江)AhoweverBwhateverCwhicheverDwhereverA AB Bnomatterwh-与与wh-ever的联系及区别:的

228、联系及区别:nomatterwh-只引导让步状语从句,此时与wh-ever通用。如:Nomatterwhen/Wheneverhecomesback,heshouldbeinvitedtotheparty.wh-ever又可引导名词性从句,Nomatterwh-不能。如:WhateverIcandoforyouwillbenothingbutpayingadebt.Whoevercanhelpuswillbewelcome.4.状语从句的时态问题状语从句的时态问题问题问题1:1、Thehousecouldfalldownsoonifnoone_somequickrepairwork.(04全国

229、IV)Ahasdone BisdoingCdoesDhaddone2、Itisalmostfiveyears_wesaweachotherlasttime.(05北京春季)A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.when在条件,时间和让步从句中,用一般现在时表示一般将来时,用现在完成时表将来完成时,用一般过去时表过去将来时。在since引导的时间状语从句中,动词一般都用一般过去时,而主句常用现在完成时。C CB B5、状语从句的倒装问题、状语从句的倒装问题问题问题1:1、Sodifficult_ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterm

230、inedtolearnEnglish.(01上海)A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeel2、Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_howseriousthepollutionwas.(95NMET)A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didntthevillagersrealize状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况:否定词开头;so加adj.开头;as/though引导的让步状语从句。D DA A特别注意:特别注意:

231、HardlywhenNosoonerthanChildasheis,Hardlyhadhegottothestationwhenthetrainleft.Nosoonerhadhegottothestationthanthetrainleft.Childasheis,hecanspeaksevenforeignlanguages.6、状语从句与并列句的区别、状语从句与并列句的区别问题问题1:1、Thoughheisinhissixties,_heworksashardasayoungmanA.yetB.butC.andD.andyet2、Excusemeforbreakingin,_Ihave

232、somenewsforyou.(NMET02)A.soB.andC.butD.yet题1是主从复合句,所以中间不能使用并列连词and;or;but;so等。yet是副词,只有yet可以与though连用。题2为并列句,而“Excuse,but”为一固定搭配。在复习中需要细心的分析句子结构和成分。A AC C1. _ he heard this, he got very angry. 2. I met Lucy_ I was walking along the river.3. _ a child, he lived in the countryside. A. when B. while C.

233、 as对比训练对比训练 1A AB BC C1.Wewereabouttoleave_itbegantorain.2.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherson,_,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmyson.3.HardlyhadIfinishedmycomposition_thebellrang.A.whenB.whileC.asD.during对比训练对比训练 2 A AB BA A1.Child_sheis,sheknowalot.2.Hedidtheexperient_hewastold.3.Thepianosintheothershopwillb

234、echeaper,butnot_good.A.duringB.asC.soD.thoughE.bothBandC 对比训练对比训练 3 E EB BB B1.Hewouldhavealookatthebookstores_hewenttotown.2.Wedecidetofinishtheworkontime,_happens.3.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,weovercomeanydifficulty,_greatitis.4.Illgivethebookto_likesEnglish.A.wheneverB.whoeverC.whateverD.however对比训练

235、对比训练 4 A AC CD DB B对比训练对比训练 5 1.Itwillbeyears_wemeetagain.2.Itistenyears_Icametothistown.3.Itistenyearsago_Icametothistown.A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.sinceC CD DB B对比训练对比训练 6 D DB BA A1._itrains,thegamewillbeplayedontime.2._Iwastwenty,Ihadneverbeenawayfrommyhometown.3._hewerethere,hecouldnthelpus.A.Eveni

236、fB.UntillC.TillD.Unless对比训练对比训练 7 1.Goandgetyourcoat.Itis_youleftit.2.Youarefreetogo_youlike.A.thereB.whereC.whereverD.whenB BC C对比训练对比训练 8 1.ThearticleiswritteninsucheasyEnglish_allofuscanreadit.2.ThearticleiswritteninsucheasyEnglish_allofuscanread.A.thatB.whichC.asD.sothatAC CA A对比训练对比训练 9 1.Ifwew

237、orkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomatter_greatitis.2.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_greatitis.3.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_difficultyitis.4.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomatter_difficultyitis.A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whateverB BC CD DA A Grammar Grammar 非谓语动非谓语动词词

238、 非谓语动词功能比较非谓语动词功能比较 to doto do的复合结构的复合结构 -ing form-ing form的复合结构的复合结构 非谓语动词的否定式非谓语动词的否定式 -ing form -ing form 与与 pp pp 的区别的区别 by liu xiaoyuby liu xiaoyu动词不定式的基本形式主动语态 to do 被动语态一般式进行式完成式to be doneto be doingto have doneto have been done1.He is too young to have seen the old society.2.The book is said

239、 to have been translated into Russian.3.Come, I am supposed to be calling you to lunch.4.You are too young to be meeting young man.不定式与谓语同时发生 进行式不定式比谓语先发生 完成式ing-form 的基本形式的基本形式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式4.Allan repented having shot the bird.5.Having noted down

240、 her name,the man went away.1.Going down town I met a friend.2.Martin insisted on going to work in spite of his illness.3.I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.ing-form与与/比谓语的动作同时、先发生、后发生比谓语的动作同时、先发生、后发生 一般式一般式ing-form比谓语的动作先发生比谓语的动作先发生 完成式(强调先后关系)完成式(强调先后关系)同时同时后后先先先先先先主主语语表

241、表语语宾宾语语定定语语补补语语状状语语 to do -ing form pp非谓语动词功能比较非谓语动词功能比较eg.I like skating,but I dont like to skate today. Playing with fire is dangerous. Look out!To play with fire is dangerous.eg.There is no joking about such matters.主语、主语、表语、宾语表语、宾语1. to do 表示具体的动作,-ing form表示泛指的动作。2.“there is no +主语”句型中,多用-ing f

242、orm.eg.Heattendsthemeetingbeingheldintheroomnow.Heattendedthemeetingheldyesterday.Hewillattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.2.表示被修饰词的内容时, 用to do.eg.Shehasastrongwishtogotocollege.1.从时态上看,-ing form表示正在进行的动作 pp表示已经完成的动作,to do表示将来的动作。定语定语eg. I found him cooking supper. I found supper cooked when I got hom

243、e. It is true I saw Henry cook supper.-ing form与宾语为主动关系,强调动作正在进行;pp与宾语为被动关系,强调动作已经完成;to do只单纯表示一个事实,强调动作的全过程。补语补语作状语时的区别:作状语时的区别:-ing form,pp表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随情况等等表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随情况等等,eg.they worked hard to pay for the necklace. I went to see him only to find him out. I am glad to see you.to do表示表示1.目

244、的目的; 2.结果结果表示出人预料的情况或结果。常用表示出人预料的情况或结果。常用only强调。强调。 3.原因原因表示造成情感变化的原因。表示造成情感变化的原因。目的目的结果结果原因原因非谓语动词的否定形式非谓语动词的否定形式Not + to do / -ing formNot + to do / -ing formHe decided not to do it.He decided not to do it.She wished never to see him again.She wished never to see him again.I fancy it has done you

245、a lot of good not going.I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going.Not seeing John,I asked where he was.Not seeing John,I asked where he was.Not having done it right, I tried again.Not having done it right, I tried again.-ing form -ing form 与与 pp pp 的区别的区别-ing form-ing form表示主动,正在进行表示主动,正在进行,pp

246、,pp表示被动,已经完成表示被动,已经完成作表语时或定语时,作表语时或定语时,-ingform表示表示“令人令人”,pp表表示示“感到感到”,常见的有下列感官动词:,常见的有下列感官动词:move,surprise,astonish,delight,comfort,disappoint,puzzle,frighten作宾补时,比较对象为宾语作宾补时,比较对象为宾语作定语时,比较对象为被修饰词作定语时,比较对象为被修饰词作状语时,比较对象为句中主语作状语时,比较对象为句中主语1.The story was _,we were all _. A.moving,moving B.moved,move

247、d C.moving,moved D.moved,moving2.There is a _ expression on his face.Maybe the problem is too difficult for him. A.puzzled B.puzzling C.puzzle D.to puzzle3.With his son too_, the father was sad. A.disappointed B.disappointing4.She let out a _ voice and we ran to her hurriedly. A.frightened B.frighte

248、ning1.I could feel the wind _ on my face from an open window. A.to blow B.blowing C.blown D.to be blowing2.Well meet Mr.Black,_ as a famous scientist. A.knowing B.to be known C.known D.being known3._ more time, we could do it better. A.Giving B.To give C.Given D.To be given4.A young man _ novels cam

249、e to us yesterday. A.to write B.writing C.written D.wrote5.All the things_,his proposal is of greater value than yours. A.considered B.considering C.consider D.to consider6._Sunday, the students are at home. A.Being B.To be C.It is D.It beingto doto do的复合结构的复合结构1.for sb. to do sth.常见的形容词有:good=nice/

250、bad, kind/cruel=rude, clever=wise/stupid=silly, right /wrong,sensible2.of sb. to do sth.sb.is/are adj.to do sth.ing forming form的复合结构的复合结构1.形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+ing form2.代词宾格/名词+ing form主语表语宾语宾语1.Todothejobisimpossible.2.Itisnecessarytostudyaforeignlanguage.3.Todosuchathingisstupid.=Itisstupidtodosuchath

251、ing.4.Itiswrongtotellalie.For a child to do the job is =Itisimpossibletodothejob.It is necessary for students to study aIt is stupid of you to do such a thing.It is wrong of him to tell a lie.You are stupid to do such a thing.He is wrong to tell a lie.说出To do动作的执行者时,须用复合结构1.Do you mind opening the d

252、oor?2.Going there saved us a good deal of trouble.3.Being late again made the teacher angry.Do you mind me/my opening Toms going there saved us a good His being late again made说出说出-ing form-ing form动作的执行者时,须用复合结构动作的执行者时,须用复合结构1.Crossing the street,he was knocked down by a bus.2.Being sick I stayed a

253、t home. 3.Seen in the light, it is not as serious as people suppose.4.Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.5.He sat in the armchair,reading the newspaper.6.The train spent too much time stopped, waiting for the other trains.时间时间原因原因条件条件让步让步伴随伴随伴随伴随usedasanadjectiveoradverbGrammar and us

254、age一、一、The-ingformusedasAttribute(-ing形式作定语)形式作定语)These female pigs are cloned. So we call them _pigsThese female pigs are cloned. So we call them pigs_that/which are clonedclonedThe kidnappers were using a _car.(steal)The name _in the letter was unknown to me.(mention)The firemen were rescuing the

255、people _in the fire. (trap)stolenmentionedtrappedScientific experiments which are carried out by students can be dangerous. Scientific experiments _by students can be dangerous. carried outAfewverb-edsbeforenounscanexpresspastmeaningsinsteadofpassivemeanings.boilingwater比较比较boiledwaterfallentrees/le

256、avesescapedanimalsaretiredpresidentalostenvelopefallingleavesanescapingcriminalaretiringpresident比较比较We can also put an adverb or something else before a verb-ed to form a compound verb-ed form.广泛运用的技术广泛运用的技术训练有素的工人训练有素的工人手写的信件手写的信件欠发达地区欠发达地区受过良好教育的市民受过良好教育的市民倍受尊敬的教授倍受尊敬的教授awidely-usedtechniquewellt

257、rainedworkershand-writtenlettersunderdevelopedregionswell-educatedcitizensawell-respectedprofessorRewritethefollowingsentenceswithverb-edform.Ithinkcloningthatisdonebyscientistsisdangerous.Theproblemsthatarecreatedbycloningwillbeclear.Ithinkcloningdonebyscientistsisdangerous.Theproblemscreatedbyclon

258、ingwillbeclear.Wedontwantbeaststhatarecreatedbyscientiststoreplaceusoneday.Theonlythingthatisneededisacellfromyouroldpet.Wedontwantbeastscreatedbyscientiststoreplaceusoneday.Theonlythingneededisacellfromyouroldpet.二二Theverb-edformcanalsobeusedaspredicativeofasentence.eg.Mygrandfatherwasdelightedtohe

259、arIhadpassedexamsTheproblemstayed_after3daysdiscussion.(unsettle)unsettled注意:注意:getverb+ed.de结构结构eg.getpaid/injured/hurt.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_frommyfriends.(01全国)(全国)(A)A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missedSarah,hurryup.Imafraidyouwonthavetimeto_beforetheparty.(04全国全国I)Agetchanged BgetchangeCgetcha

260、ngingDgettochange工人们都是按月计酬的工人们都是按月计酬的Mary终于从那次受伤中恢复过来了终于从那次受伤中恢复过来了Workersgetpaidbythemonth.Maryfinallygotrecoveredfromtheinjury.Weneedtofurtherdiscusstheproblem_unsolved.A.remainedB.toremainC.remainingD.toberemained三三Theverb-edformcanbeusedasobjectcomplementofasentence.eg.1).AsheknowsverylittleEngl

261、ish,hefindsitdifficulttomakehimself_.(understand)2).I_yesterday.(寄信)寄信)3).Youmustmakeyourselfwhenyoutalkinfrontoftheclass.(hear)4).Aftertherobbery,theyfoundthewindows_.(break)5).Youmustntmakethesecretbetweenus_tothepublic.(know)understoodhadmyletterdeliveredheardbrokenknownThemanagersdiscussedthepla

262、nthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.AcarryoutBcarryingoutCcarriedoutDtocarryoutHelenhadtoshout_abovethesoundofthemusic.(2004高考广西卷高考广西卷)A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard四四Theverb-edformcanbeusedasadverbialofasentencetoexpress1).TimeWhentakentothehospital,t

263、heboybegantocrySeenfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.Whenhewastakentothehospital,theboybegantocryWhenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen_atthemeetingbymyboss.(04全国全国IV)AquestioningBhavequestionedCquestionedDtobequestionedintroduceWhenfirst_tothemarket,theseproductsenj

264、oyedgreatsuccess.Whenfirst_myselftomyparents-in-law,Ifeltabitnervous.introducedintroducingWheneverIamintrouble,Iwilllockmyselfaloneathome,always_myselfmanywhys.(question)questioning2).ReasonShockedbythearticle,thewomanwrotealettertothenewspaper.Becausehewasshockedbythearticle,thewoman.Digitally_(rec

265、ord)inthestudio,thedisccancarrymuchmoreinformationthannormalones.recordedBecauseitwasdigitallyrecordedinthestudio,thedisc.1).bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.(04辽宁)辽宁)2)._alargenumberofpeople,theshowwasindeedagreatsuccess.AAttractingBAttractedCTobeattractedD

266、HavingattractedBA3).ConditionTreatedwithelectricity,thecelltissuewillsplitintoseveralparts.Ifitistreatedwithelectricity,thecelltissuewillsplitintoseveralparts.Ifitistakenthreetimesaday,themedicinewillworkbetter.Takenthreetimesaday,themedicinewillworkbetter._time,hellmakeafist-classtennisplayer.A.Hav

267、inggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.GivenThisisso_alessonthatsomanystudentsare_ofit.(bore)相似动词总结:相似动词总结:tire/disappoint/move/exciting/frustrate/touchsatisfy/amaze/convince/encourage/exhaust.boringboredaninterestingcrosstalk有趣的相声有趣的相声Because of interesting performances given by Fenggong and Niuqun, I have beco

268、me interested in crosstalk.Weuseverb-ingformstodescribesomeone/somethingthatcausescertainfeelings,andtheyareusuallyactiveinmeaning;whileweuseverb-edformstosayhowwefeelaboutsomeoneorsomething,andtheyareusuallypassiveinmeaningastheydescribehowsomeone/somethingisaffectedbyanaction.小结:小结:Thisisan_winove

269、rthebestteaminthisregion.(encourage)Hewasso_inthisexamthathisinstructorwas_.(disappoint)Theywereall_(move)bythe_story.(touch)Withsomany_evidences,thepolicearenow_thathehascommittedthecrime.(convince)encouragingdisappointingdisappointedmovedtouchingconvincingconvincedMr.Smith,_ofthe_speech,startedtor

270、eadanovel.(03北京春季)北京春季)Atired;boringBtiring;boredCtired;boredDtiring;boring六六Averb-edcanfollowaverb,suchasstand,sitandliewhenthetwoactionsarehappeningatthesametimeoritcanbeusedonitsownorfollowedbyanadjective/adverbial.(伴随状语)伴随状语)Shelaytrappedunderthebuildingforthreedays.Shelaythereandwastrapped.改写:改

271、写:Thepop-starstoodthereandwassurroundedbyhisfansforhalfanhour.Thepop-starstoodsurroundedbyhisfansforhalfanhour.Afterhisjourneyfrontabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,_A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.beingexhaustedD.havingexhaustedShelefttherestaurant,disappointed.Shelefttherestaurantandwasdisappointed.他度假回家,累

272、的要死他度假回家,累的要死Hearrivedbackhomefromvacation,deadtired.几个特殊的过去分词的运用:几个特殊的过去分词的运用:lost/given/dressed/seatedlost:Icannotfindmylostwallet.Whenhecameintomyroom,Iwaslostinthought.Heisnotunderstoodbyhisfriends,soheoftensitsalone,feelingextremelylostgiven:鉴于,考虑到鉴于,考虑到;指定的指定的,规定的规定的Givenhishealth,wewillhaveto

273、sendforadoctor.Givenmoretime,Iwilldothejobbetter.Wearetofinishthetaskatthegiventime相当于相当于considering_thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.(2000北京春季)北京春季)A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven_inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.(05湖南卷)湖南卷)A.DressedB.Todres

274、sC.DressingD.HavingdressedThepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain_astheplanewasmakingalanding.(04上海春季)上海春季)A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating_inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice(05江苏卷江苏卷)A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing倒倒装装结结构构inversion 英语句子的自然语序是英语句子的自然

275、语序是“主语主语 + + 谓语谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前,这如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前,这种语序被称为种语序被称为“倒装倒装”。谓语全部放在主语之。谓语全部放在主语之前,为前,为全部倒装全部倒装;只把助动词,连系动词或情;只把助动词,连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前,为态动词放在主语之前,为部分倒装部分倒装。倒装的原因倒装的原因,一是语法结构的需要,一是语法结构的需要(如某些疑问句);二是为了强调;(如某些疑问句);二是为了强调;三是保持句子的平衡或是上下文紧密相接。三是保持句子的平衡或是上下文紧密相接。一、一、 全全 部部 倒倒 装装 (谓语全部放在主语之前)(谓语

276、全部放在主语之前)此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时1.therebe句型句型,其中其中be动词有时可动词有时可exist,live,stand,lie,seem,appear,remain,happen等词代替等词代替(全部倒装)全部倒装)1)Thereisanexperiencedteacherandmanylovelystudentsintheclassroom.2.方位词方位词in,out,there,here,inside,outside,up,down,away,off,downstairs,upstairs等以及等以及now,then放在

277、放在句首时,句首时,谓语动词常用谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, runbe, come, go, lie, run等,等,并且句子的主语是名词。并且句子的主语是名词。(全部倒装)(全部倒装)注意:注意:主语是人称代词时,仍用自然语序。主语是人称代词时,仍用自然语序。Awaytheywent.(=Theywentaway.)2)Therelayawindingbrookinfrontofanoldhouse.2)Nowcomesyourturntosweepthefloor.1)AwayflewthebirdwhichIboughtyesterday.3.3.直接引语的一部分或

278、全部放在句首时,有时用倒装。直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时,有时用倒装。(全部倒装)(全部倒装) “Whatsup,Tom?”askedMother.“Thecarismine,”saidTom.注意:注意:主语是代词时,不倒装。主语是代词时,不倒装。“Thecarismine,”hesaid.4.4.为了平衡句子结构的需要为了平衡句子结构的需要, ,或为了强调状语或为了强调状语( (常为介词常为介词短语短语) ),或为了使上下文紧密衔接时,将状语提前,或为了使上下文紧密衔接时,将状语提前 (全部倒装)(全部倒装)1)Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhic

279、hsatasmallboy.2)Nearbywerethecanoesinwhichtheyhadcometotheisland.5.5.主语太长,表语太短,为了平衡句子结构的主语太长,表语太短,为了平衡句子结构的需要需要, ,将表语提前。将表语提前。 (全部倒装)(全部倒装)1.Insidethepyramidaretheburialroomsforthekingsandqueens.2.Gonearethedayswhenweareenslaved.3.Presentatthemeetingaretenfamouswriters.suchsuch和和和和bebe连用作表语时,也常用倒装语序

280、,如:连用作表语时,也常用倒装语序,如:连用作表语时,也常用倒装语序,如:连用作表语时,也常用倒装语序,如:1.Suchwasnothisintention.4.Amongthechildrenwasanoldman.2.Sucharethefacts.二、二、 部部 分分 倒倒 装装 把助动词,连系动词或情态动词把助动词,连系动词或情态动词 放在主语之前放在主语之前1.1.用于疑问句。用于疑问句。(部分倒装)(部分倒装)Shalleverythingbereadybeforeyouarrive?WhatcanIdoforyou?注意:疑问词做主语或修饰主语时,主谓不颠倒注意:疑问词做主语或修

281、饰主语时,主谓不颠倒.Whocanworkitout?Howmanystudentshavereadthisbook?2.2.用于省略用于省略ifif的虚拟条件从句中,的虚拟条件从句中,should/were/had 被放在句首。被放在句首。(部分倒装)(部分倒装)1)HadInotadoptedmyclassteachersadvice,Iwouldhavemadesuchaseriousmistake.2)Weresheyou,shewouldtellherparentsthetruth.3) Should I earn money, I should live better. 3 3、s

282、o,as,neither,nor,nomoreso,as,neither,nor,nomore位于句首,表示前面的位于句首,表示前面的位于句首,表示前面的位于句首,表示前面的 情况也适合于另一人或物时。情况也适合于另一人或物时。情况也适合于另一人或物时。情况也适合于另一人或物时。(部分倒装)(部分倒装)(部分倒装)(部分倒装)TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.Ifyouwontgo,neitherwillI.-DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?-Idontknow,_.A.nordontIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon

283、tcareneitherD.Idontcarealso注意:若只是表示对前面所述内容的肯定,确认,注意:若只是表示对前面所述内容的肯定,确认,主谓不倒装主谓不倒装TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.“Itsraininghard.”“Soitis.”4.含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首,如含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首,如hardly,rarely,seldom,scarcely,barely,never,not,few,little,neither,nor, notonly,hardlywhen,innocase,bynomeans,nosooner

284、than,manyatime,often等。等。(部分倒装)(部分倒装)1)Notuntilthe19thcenturywasthewrittenexaminationprobablyknown.2)Notonlywaseverythinghehadtakenawayfrom,butalsohisGermancitizenship.3)Notasinglemistakedidhemade.4)HardlyhadIreachedthebusstopwhenthebusstarted.1.Hardlyanyonebelievethattoday.2.Notonlyyoubutalsoshehasb

285、eentoBeijing.3.NeitherthegirlsnorJohnistoblame.1.Notonlyissheagoodsinger,butalsosheisagooddancer.2.NeitherdidhewatchTVnordidhegotothecinema.3.Notuntilitisdarkwillwecomehome.注意注意1:修饰或连接主语时,主谓不倒装:修饰或连接主语时,主谓不倒装 I have never seen such a performance.I have never seen such a performance.注意注意注意注意2 2 2 2:

286、如否定词不在句首不倒装,例如如否定词不在句首不倒装,例如:5.only+状语(副词、介词短语、状语从句)放在状语(副词、介词短语、状语从句)放在句首时。句首时。(部分倒装)(部分倒装)1)OnlythendidIrealizethevalueofreadingaloudeverymorning.2)Onlybymeansoftalkingcanweavoidmisunderstandingeachother.3)Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.6.“so/such+表语表语/ /状语状语+that从句从句”结

287、构中的结构中的so或或such引导的表语引导的表语/状语放在句首时。状语放在句首时。(部分倒装)(部分倒装)1)Sofrightenedwassheinthedarknessthatshedidntdaretomoveatall.2)Suchalovelychildishethatallofuslovehim.3)Sohurriedlydidsheleavethatsheforgottoswitchoffthelights.7.7.用于形容词(名词用于形容词(名词/ /动词)动词)+ + as/though 的让步状语从句中。的让步状语从句中。 (特殊倒装)(特殊倒装)1)Proudasthe

288、yare,theyareafraidtoseeus.2)Childasheis,heknowsalot.(Asmallchildasheis,heknowsalot.)3)Tryhardastheywould,theycouldnotliftthebox.4)Youngestasheisinourclass,hispronunciationisthebest.8.用于表示祝愿和祝福之类的句子中。用于表示祝愿和祝福之类的句子中。(部分倒装或全部倒装)(部分倒装或全部倒装)1)Mayyousucceed/behappy!2)LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!Exe

289、rcises:1.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizeC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didntthevillagersrealize2.Itwasnotuntil1920_regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since3.IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinallmylife_sohappy.A.di

290、dIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt4.WhycantIsmokehere?Atnotime_inthemeeting-room.A.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit5.Nosooner_thanitbegantorainheavily.A.thegamebegan B.hasthegamebegunC.didthegamebeginD.hadthegamebegun6.DoyouknowTomboughtanewcar?Idontknow

291、,_.A.nordontIcareB.nordoIcareC.IdontcareneitherD.Idontcarealso7._canyouexpecttogetapayrise.A.WithhardworkB.AlthoughworkhardC.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard8.Now_Sallysturntokeepguard.A.thereisB.isgoingC.hascomeD.comes9.Notonly_pollutedbut_crowded.A.wasthecity;werethestreetsB.thecitywas;werethe

292、streetsC.wasthecity;thestreetswereD.thecitywas;thestreetswere10.So_thatnofishcanliveinit.A.thelakeisshallowB.shallowthelakeisC.shallowisthelakeD.isthelakeshallow11.Little_abouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.A.doeshecareB.didhecareC.hecaresD.hecared12.Wasitin1969_theAmericanastronautsuc

293、ceeded_landingonthemoon.A.when;onB.that;onC.when;inD.that;in13._forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot14.-Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.-_,and_.A.Sohehas;soyouhaveB.Sohehas;sohaveyouC.Sohashe;sohaveyouD.Sohashe;soyouhave15.Here_th

294、egoodnewsforeverymanandeverywomanwho_inthetown.A.is;liveB.is;livesC.are;liveD.are;livesusedasanadjectiveoradverbGrammar and usagesleepingstudentsaboringlessonasmilingface一、一、The-ingformusedasAttribute(-ing形式作定语)形式作定语)boilingwaterflyingkitesadancinggirltherisingsun(1)aswimmingman(2)aswimmingpool(2)aw

295、alkingstick(1)awalkingman=amanwhoiswalking=astickforwalkingWhatsthedifferencebetween(1)and(2)?小小结结1-ing形式作定语既可表示动作正形式作定语既可表示动作正在进行(如例在进行(如例(1),此时相当于),此时相当于一个定语从句;又可表示所修饰名一个定语从句;又可表示所修饰名词的性质或用途(如例词的性质或用途(如例(2)。)。arunningmanThemanrunninginthepictureisLiuXiang.attributeThemanwhoisrunninginthepictureisL

296、iuXiang.相当于:相当于:Rewritethefollowingsentenceswithattributiveclauses.TheteacherteachingusEnglishisMr.Qi.=Theteacherwho is teaching us EnglishisMr.Qi.Thepeoplesittingbehindusareallteachers.TheexpertcomingfromHuaianisaladycalledMsCai.=Thepeoplewho are sitting behind usareallteachers.=Theexpertwho comes

297、from Huaian isaladycalledMsCai.Translatethefollowingphrases.areadingroomawashingmachineanexcitingeveninganinterestingcrosstalk阅览室阅览室洗衣机洗衣机激动人心的夜晚激动人心的夜晚有趣的相声有趣的相声单个的单个的-ing形式作定语,放在所形式作定语,放在所修饰的名词前面;修饰的名词前面;-ing短语作定短语作定语则放在所修饰的名词之后。语则放在所修饰的名词之后。小小 结结 2 2asleepingcarasmokingroomlisteningpracticeanopen

298、ingspeechabookingofficerunningwater卧铺车卧铺车吸烟室吸烟室听力练习听力练习开幕词开幕词售票处售票处自来水自来水Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.Inoticedalongqueueoutsidethebankwaitingforittoopen.2.The-ingformusedasObjectComplement(-ing形式作宾语补足语)形式作宾语补足语)Thebabywatchedhisdadshavinghisfacewithgreatinterest.Wehavethefireburningallday.动词动词

299、-ing形式作宾语补足形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面,表语常放在宾语后面,表示一个正在进行的主动示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一个过性的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态。程或一种状态。小小结结3 能跟能跟-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动形式作宾语补足语的常见动词有:词有:“五让、三看、两听、五让、三看、两听、一注意、一发现、一一注意、一发现、一感觉感觉”。简单又好记!。简单又好记!make,let,have,keep,leave,lookat,see,watch,hear,listento,notice,find,feel等。等。怎么记怎么记?1.Ourtripwasdisappointing

300、.Wedidnotfindanyunusualplants.2.Theprogrammefortheweekendlooksexciting.Iamlookingforwardtoit.3.The-ingformusedaspredicative(-ing形式作表语形式作表语)4.Thenewswasshocking.Allthethreeboatshadsunkinthestorm.5.ThereportfromCookwasencouraging.Thecaptaindecidedtoattackthefollowingnight.6.Itwasastonishingtoseetheani

301、malsandplantsthatarefoundnowhereelseintheworld.1.Sixtymillionpeople_(live)inruralareasaremovingtothecitieseveryyear.2.Thebottle_(contain)thepoisonwassenttothelaboratory.PracticelivingcontainingFillintheblankswiththeverbgiveninitsproperform.3.Theman_(sit)ontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.4

302、.Whoisthatgirl_(walk)alongtheriver?5.Thechildren_(practise)playingtheviolinovertherewillgiveaperformancenextweek.sittingwalkingpractising6.Themanwithsun-glasses_(stand)nearacarisadetective.7.Theoldlady_(talk)tothechildrenisafamousmusician.8.Theperson_(translate)thesongscanspeaksevenlanguages.standin

303、gtalkingtranslating9.Isawthem_(force)thedooropenwithahammer.10.Weheardthem_(quarrel)aboutmoneyaftertheconcert;theylookedveryangry.11.Iheardhim_(drop)lotsofcoinsintothecollectingtin.forcingquarrelingdropping12.Youcanseethem_(perform)everynightthisweekattheNewTheatre.13.Icouldhearthem_(whisper)toeacho

304、therduringthefirstpartoftheplay.14.Wewatchedthearmy_(march)downthestreettowardsthepark.performingwhisperingmarching15.Isawthepeople_(enter)thetheatre,andtherewere286ofthem.16.Wewatchedthreeoldmen_(share)theirfoodwitheachother.17.Wewatchedthechildren_(dive)intothewaterfromthetopdivingboard.18.Inotice

305、dyou_theperformerswiththeticketsales.Thatwaskindofyou.enteringsharingdivinghelpingHavingworkedsidebysidewithmanyenvironmentalists,Iknowthatahealthyenvironmentandstableeconomyshouldbepossibleatthesametime.Averb-inghasperfectform,e.g.,having worked1.Shegaveheropinionaboutthenewbuilding.Thensheleftthem

306、eeting.Havinggivenheropinionaboutthenewbuilding,sheleftthemeeting.2.Shemadeonelastefforttoseeherhusband.Thenshereturnedhome.Havingmadeonelastefforttoseeherhusband,shereturnedhome.Rewritethefollowingsentences.3.Iadmiredherwritingformanyyears.ThenIfinallymether.Havingadmiredherwritingformanyyears,Ifin

307、allymether.4.IwasinterestedintheKooriesformanyyears.ThenIdecidedtolearntheirlanguage.HavingbeeninterestedintheKooriesformanyyears,Idecidedtolearntheirlanguage.A.Thisisalettertotheeditorofanewspaper.Puttheverbsinbracketsinthecorrectformsusingthegrammarrulesyouhavelearnt.DearSir/Madam,Iamdelightedbyyo

308、urnewspapersdecisiontostartacampaignforprotectingtheenvironment.Iamgladthatyouhaveaskedreaderstowriteinwiththeirsuggestions.Thestateofourparksisvery(1)_(shock),withrubbisheverywhere.Iusedtofindatriptotheparkvery(2)_(relax).NowIjustfindit(3)_(tire)becauseIhavetopickuptherubbishwhereIshockingrelaxingt

309、iringamgoingtosit.Thegrassiscoveredinplasticbagsandfood,andIamsadthattheyoungpeopleoftodaydonotcleanupafterthemselveswhentheyhavebeentothepark.Itis(4)_(disappoint)thatnoneoftheschoolsasktheirstudentstodoparkclean-upsaspartoftheirScienceclass.Perhapstheydisappointingcouldstartdoingthis.Therearesomany

310、(5)_(interest)animalsandinsects(6)_(live)inourparks.Itwouldbeashameiftheyweredestroyedbecauseofpeoplesactivitiesinthepark.Yours,WangQianginterestinglivingB.Readthisnewreportandfillintheblankswithwordsfromtheboxbelow.followingsleepingpleasingexcitingwalkingmovingfallingkeeping(1)_NewsforAnimalLovers!

311、TwopeoplewerearrestedyesterdayataParisairportforbringinganimalsintoExcitingEuropefromSouthAmericaillegally.Oneofthecustomsofficerswaswatchingthearrivalsveryclosely.Hecouldseeawoman(2)_infrontofagroup.Thenhesawfeathers(3)_fromunderhercoat.Havingseenthis,thecustomsofficeraskedthewomantocomewalkingfall

312、ingovertohisdesk.Hewassurprisedtofindtenbirdsinsidehercoat.Therewasashortfatgentleman(4)_her.Anothercustomsofficercalledhimoverwhenitseemedhehada(5)_stomach.Ontakingoffhisjacket,a(6)_tortoisewasfoundonhisfollowingmovingsleepingstomach.Apparentlyhehadtraveledontheplanelikethis,(7)_thetortoisehiddenin

313、ablanket.Sucharrestsarevery(8)_forParisofficers.keepingpleasing二、二、-ing形式作状语形式作状语-ing短语在句子中可作状语,来修饰谓短语在句子中可作状语,来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的时语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。情况。-ing短语作状语一般表示一个次短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作,要的动作,一般都可以变为相应的状一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。语从句或并列句。1.作时间状语作时间状语-ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如:短语作时

314、间状语要置于句首。如:Hearingthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.=Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.当听到这个不幸的消息时,他们情不自当听到这个不幸的消息时,他们情不自禁地哭了起来。禁地哭了起来。Havingreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.=AfterIhadreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.收到他的信后,我决定给他回信。收到他的信后,我决定给他回信。2.作原因状语作原因状语-ing短语作原因状语置于句首。如:短语

315、作原因状语置于句首。如:Beingsoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.=Becausehewassoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.因为太生气了,他不能入睡。因为太生气了,他不能入睡。HavingbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidntgolastweek.=Because(As)hehadbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidntgolastweek.因为他已经去过长城许多次,上周他就因为他已经去过长城许多次,上周他就没去。没去。3.作条件状语作条件状语-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如:作条件状

316、语置于句首或句末。如:Workinghard,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.如果你勤奋一点,你就会成功。如果你勤奋一点,你就会成功。Beinggivenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.=Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.如果对这些树再多注意些,如果对这些树再多注意些,它们可能长得更好。它们可能长得更好。4.作让步状语作让步状语-ing短语作让步状语,可置于句首或短语作让步状语,可置于句首或句末,

317、常与句末,常与evenif,though连用。如:连用。如:Thoughworkingfrommorningtillnight,hisfatherdidntgetenoughfood.=Althoughhisfatherworkedfrommorningtillnight,hedidntgetenoughfood.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活,但是虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活,但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。他还是挣不到足够的吃的。5.作伴随状语作伴随状语置于句首或句末。如:置于句首或句末。如:Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.=Theysan

318、gandlaughed;theycameintotheclassroom.他们又唱又笑地走进教室。他们又唱又笑地走进教室。Whenworkinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.=Whenheworkedinthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.注意:注意:1.-ing短语与短语与when,while,though,until,if等连词连用时,相当于这些等连词连用时,相当于这些连词引导的一个从句。如:连词引导的一个从句。如:Thoughwillingtoattendtheparty,herefusedtheinvitation.

319、=Thoughhewaswillingtoattendtheparty,herefusedtheinvitation.WhilestayinginBeijing,hecametoseemetwice.=WhilehewasstayinginBeijing,hecametoseemetwice.Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.=Ifyouplayallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.=Thoughitwasraininghe

320、avily,itclearedupverysoon.2.动词动词-ing形式在句中作状语时,其逻形式在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如:辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如:Hetraveledontheplanelikethis,keepingthetortoisehiddeninablanket.=Whenhetraveledontheplanelikethis,hekeptthetortoisehiddeninablanket.1.a.Hearingthenews,tearsrandownherface.b.Hearingthenews,shecriedoutsadly.2.a

321、.Enteringtheclassroom,Ifoundnobodyinit.b.Enteringtheclassroom,nobodywasfoundinit.Choosethecorrectsentence.3.a.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.b.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,wesawabeautifulgarden.4.a.Readingtheeveningnewspaper,adogstartedbarking.b.Iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadog

322、startedbarking.5.a.Beingfine,wewillhavethesportsmeetingnextweek.b.Itbeingfine,wewillhavethesportsmeetingnextweek.-ing形式的否定式为在其前面加形式的否定式为在其前面加not。如:如:Hesatthere,notknowingwhattosay.1.Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thus_thedelay.A.tocauseB.causingC.causedD.cause2.OnebyonePetersoldhisbitsandpieces,_onl

323、yamiteoftheirworth.A.gettingB.gotC.togetD.getExercise3.Afterseeingthemovie,_.A.thebookwasreadbyhimB.thebookmadehimwanttoreaditC.hewantedtoreadthebook D.thereadingofthebookinterestedhim4.Thenextmorningshefoundthemaninbed,_dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying5.Therewasterriblenoise_thesuddenburstoflight.A.f

324、ollowedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed6.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing7.“Cantyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing8.Heworkeddayandnight,_histaskahead

325、oftime.A.finishedB.finishingC.finishD.tofinish9.Iwasinthebathroom,not_theknockatthedoor.A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard10._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived11.Whatworriedtheboymostwas_tovisithisfatherinthehospital.A.hisnotallowingB.hisnotb

326、eingallowedC.havingnotbeenallowedD.hisbeingnotallowed12.Theyapologizedfor_toattendthemeeting.A.theirnotbeingableB.theirbeingnotableC.themnotableD.thembeingablenotReadthisconversationandchangethehighlightedsentencesintoverb-ingclauses.JamesLong:Well,(1)afterIlistenedcarefullytoyoutwo,Iwassurprisedtha

327、tyouagreedwitheachother.Havinglistenedcarefullytoyoutwo,Iwassurprisedthatyouagreedwitheachother.QianLiwei:(2)WhenIlookback,IfindIdidntlikesomeofthequestionstheaudienceaskedthough.Itwasasifpeoplewerenotlistening.LinShuiqing:Ithinktheaudiencewasinterestedinwhatyousaid.IlikeditwhenyoutoldthatLookingbac

328、k,IfindIdidntlikesomeofthequestionstheaudienceaskedthough.joke.Iheardtheaudiencelaughing.Ithinktheyreallylikedyouafterthat.(3)WhenIheardwhatyousaidabouttheenvironmentandtheeconomyneedingtoworktogethermore,Iwasveryimpressed.Hearingwhatyousaidabouttheenvironmentandtheeconomyneedingtoworktogethermore,I

329、wasveryimpressed.Readthisconversationandchangethehighlightedsentencesintoverb-ingclauses.QianLiwei:Icertainlythinkweneedtouseallourresourcesinthebestpossibleway.Afterthat,theyarelimited.Wealsoneedtocleanupthemesswemadeinthepast.Iliketheideaoftaxingfactoriesthatpollutealthoughgettingthemtoagreewouldb

330、edifficult.LinShuiqing:Also,youarerightaboutmanybusinesspeopletryingtoprotecttheenvironmentandbuildtheeconomyatthesametime.(4)Youmadethatstatementforcefully.Asaresult,youimpressedtheaudience.Theyclappedsohard.QianLiwei:EnvironmentalistshavebeenseenasheroeswhileHavingmadethatstatementforcefully,youim

331、pressedtheaudience.economistshavebeenseenasbadboys.Thatimpressionneedstobechangedand(5)afterItalkedtoyoutoday,Ithinkweshouldworkonsomeprojectstogether.LinShuiqing:Goodidea.Havingtalkedtoyoutoday,Ithinkweshouldworkonsomeprojectstogether.20102010年高考语法复习年高考语法复习动词的时态时态和语态的主要考点时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用

332、能力。常考的时态为:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态;主从句时态呼应问题。3、持续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。4、及物动词的被动语态。5、系动词的用法特点。6、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在every,sometimes,at,onSunday现在进行now,现在完成for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastyears,al

333、ways,recently一般过去yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow过去进行thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlasteveningwhen,while过去完成before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas一般将来next,tomorrow,in过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作1、现在时态、现在时态高考题点击:高考题点击:1.Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmi

334、lesacrossthisopensea,which_thePacific,andwemetnostorms.(05辽宁卷)AwascalledBiscalledChadbeencalledDhasbeencalled2.I_ping-pongquitewell,butIhaventhadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.(2001N)A.willplay B.haveplayedC.playedD.playBD说明说明:本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时,但本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时,但“被称为太平被称为太平洋洋”是客观现状,只能用一般现在时。是客观现状,只能用一般现在时。说明

335、说明:常识告诉我们,一个人一旦获得某种技能,一般是常识告诉我们,一个人一旦获得某种技能,一般是不会在短期内失去的,所以需用一般现在时。不会在短期内失去的,所以需用一般现在时。3.SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasntstoppedringing.People_toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.(05湖南卷)A.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning4.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_sor

336、apidly.(2001N)A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange说明说明:自从我赢了大奖,人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样自从我赢了大奖,人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样使用这笔钱。此处的使用这笔钱。此处的arephoning表示表示“不停的打电话不停的打电话”。说明说明:选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在正在飞速发展,飞速发展,所以要用现在进行时;况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的所以要用现在进行时;况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的描述,表示说话者的一种描述,表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责感慨、赞

337、赏、愤怒、斥责”等。等。DA5._mysisterthreetimestodaybutherlinewasalwaysbusy.(05北京春季)A.IdphonedB.IvebeenphoningC.IvephonedD.Iwasphoning6.-YouhaventbeentoBeijing,haveyou?-_.HowIwishtogothere!(98N)A.Yes,IhaveB.Yes,IhaventC.No,IhaveD.No,Ihavent说明说明:此题的干扰源是后面的此题的干扰源是后面的wasbusy。今天打了三次电。今天打了三次电话是用来表示结果的,只能用现在完成时;而每次她都

338、占话是用来表示结果的,只能用现在完成时;而每次她都占线是表示过去的动作,所以用一般过去时。线是表示过去的动作,所以用一般过去时。说明说明:从补充的句子从补充的句子“HowIwishtogothere!”可知可知“我我”没到过北京。没到过北京。CD7.-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.-Iamtired.I_thelivingroomallday.(98N)A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted8.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy_goingbacktoschool,butshehasntdecid

339、edyet.(04北京)AhadconsideredBhasbeenconsideringCconsideredDisgoingtoconsider说明说明:这句话的意思是这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室我一整天都在刷起居室”,现在,现在完成进行时表示完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在,从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在,而且还在进行当中而且还在进行当中。强调的是强调的是“一直在做一直在做”。CB说明:说明:她她“一直在考虑返校一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时,是现在完成进行时,“还还没作决定没作决定”是现在的结果。是现在的结果。用于现在完成时的句型用于现在完成时的句型1)I

340、tisthefirst/secondtime.that结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.注意比较注意比较Itstimethat结构:结构:Itishightimethatwewenttoschool.2)Thisisthethat结构,that从句要用现在完成时.ThisisthebestfilmthatIve(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。Thisisthefirsttime(that)Iveheardhimsing.这是我

341、第一次听他唱歌。典型例题典型例题(1)-Doyouknowourtownatall?-No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming(2)-Haveyou_beentoourtownbefore?-No,itsthefirsttimeI_here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome注意注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。(错)Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.(对)Iha

342、ventreceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.BD2、过去时、过去时高考题点击:高考题点击:1.-Nancyisnotcomingtonight.-Butshe_!(98N)A.promises B.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised2.Myuncle_untilhewasforty-five.(2000上海)A.marriedB.didntmarryC.wasnotmarryingD.wouldmarry说明说明:Nancy答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去,是过去作出的承诺。说明说明:until用在肯定句中时,主句的动词必须是延续性

343、动词,表示该动作一直持续到until后的时间为止;短暂性动词只能用在否定句中,表示直到此时该动作才开始。本题中marry是短暂性动词,所以只能用在否定句中。BB3.-Youhaventsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?(N2002)-ImsorryI_anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkitsprettyonyou.A.wasntsayingB.dontsayC.wontsayD.didntsay说明说明:本题的干扰源来自上下文中的时态,上文用的是现在完成时,下文用的是一般现在时,所以有些人就误以为此处该

344、用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发现,没有说出自己的评价是在这段对话以前的事了,所以要用一般过去时。D4.Asshe_thenewspaper,Granny_asleep.(95N)A.readwasfallingB.wasreadingfellC.wasreadingwasfallingD.readfell5.Themanagerhadfallenasleepwherehe_,withoutundressing.(05安徽卷)A.waslayingB.waslyingC.hadlaidD.hadlied说明说明:一般来说在复合句中的两个动作,延续性的动作大都用进行时,短暂性的动词用一般时

345、,表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发生了。说明说明:该题的意思为“经理躺在那儿睡着了,衣服也没脱”。“躺”是一个不及物动词,其过去式和过去分词为“lay;lain”。lay是及物动词,过去式和过去分词为laid;lied是“说谎”的过去式和过去分词。BB6.Thelittlegirl_herheartoutbecauseshe_hertoybearandbelievedshewasntevergoingtofindit.(02北京)A.hadcried,lostB.cried,hadlostC.hascried,haslostD.cries,haslost7.Hurryup!Alicea

346、ndSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.Oh!Ithoughtthey_withoutme.(05江西卷)AwentBaregoingChavegoneDhadgone说明说明:哭得伤心发生在过去,而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作,之前发生的用过去完成时,之后发生的用一般过去时。说明说明:“他没叫我就走了”这个动作明显发生在“我认为”之前。所以必须用过去完成时。BD3、将来时、将来时高考题点击:高考题点击:1.Ifaman_succeed,hemustworkashardashecan.(95上海)A.willB.istoC.isgoingtoD.

347、should2.-Youveleftthelighton.-Oh,soIhave._andturnitoff.(2000N)A.IllgoB.IvegoneC.IgoD.Imgoing说明说明:此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功,就必须尽力而为”。If引导的是条件状语从句,不能用将来时。而beto结构虽然表示将来的动作,但它不属于将来时。说明说明:本句的重点是“并行结构”,关键是看后面的turn,所以B、C、D、都不符合。BA3.BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt_forLondontoattendameeting.(05天津卷)A.willleaveB.leavesC.

348、willhaveleftD.left4.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_officesoon.(93N)A.leavesB.wouldleaveC.leftD.hadleft说明说明:that引导的宾语从句中的动作“离职”应该发生在“weresurprised”之后,故需用过去将来时。CB说明说明:bythetime表示“到为止”“在之前”,如果主句的动作发生在过去,一般需要用过去完成时;如果是将来,就需用将来完成时。4、状语从句中的时态问题、状语从句中的时态问题高考题点击:高考题点击:1.-CanIjointheclub,Dad?-Youc

349、anwhenyou_abitolder.(94N)A.getB.willgetC.aregetting D.willhavegot2.Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey_.(2001上海)A.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurviveD.willsurvive说明说明:时间状语从句中没有将来时,需用一般现在时替代一般将来时。说明说明:条件状语从句中不用将来时,但beto结构不属于将来时态形式。AB3.HewillhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbytheti

350、mehe_fromtheuniversitynextyear.(2002上海)A.willgraduateB.willhavegraduatedC.graduatesD.istograduate4.It_longbeforewe_theresultoftheexperiment.(2002上海春季)A.willnotbe,willknowB.is,willknowC.willnotbe,knowD.is,know说明说明:bythetime引导的是时间状语从句,故不能使用将来时。D选项虽可考虑,但beto结构大多用来表示“义务、决定、职责、约定”等,与句意不合。说明说明:before引导的是时

351、间状语从句,无将来时,而主句应该用将来时。CC5、祈使句中的动词问题、祈使句中的动词问题高考题点击:高考题点击:1._itwithmeandIllseewhatIcando.(98N)A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave2._someofthisjuice-perhapsyoulllikeit.(2000北京春季)A.TryingB.TryC.TotryD.Havetried3._atthedoorbeforeentering,please.(01北京春季)A.knocked B.ToknockC.KnockingD.Knock4._bloodifyou

352、canandmanyliveswillbesaved.(2001上海)A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.TogiveDBDB6、几种时态的替代问题、几种时态的替代问题A:一般现在时代替将来时:一般现在时代替将来时:除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外,表示现在已安排好的未来事项,行程等活动也用一般现在时来代替将来时。如:Themuseumopensattentomorrow.博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。)B:一般现在时代替完成时:一般现在时代替完成时:句型“Itissince”代替“Ithasbeensince”Itis(=hasbeen)fivey

353、earssincewelastmetC:一般现在时代替进行时:一般现在时代替进行时:在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如:Look,herecomesMr.Li.0606年高考语法复习年高考语法复习被动语态高考题点击:高考题点击:1.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.(94N)A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted2.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_bythehour.(98N)A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay说明

354、说明:集邮册只能被完成,且在before从句中没有将来时,故只能选D。说明说明:该句的意思为“在大城市中清洁女工的工资通常是按小时支付的。”很明显该用被动语态。DC3.Booksofthiskind_well.(99上海)A.sellB.sellsC.aresoldD.issold4.Hundredsofjobs_ifthefactorycloses.(01北京春)A.loseB.willbelost C.arelostD.willlose说明说明:sell既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,当用作“销售情况如何”时,sell为不及物动词,故没有被动语态。类似的词还有:wash,translate

355、,write等。说明说明:losejob为“失业”,job只能被失去,且动作应该发生在将来。AB5.Anewcinema_here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.(2001北京春季)A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt6.Thenewsuspensionbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.(2001上海)A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned说明说明:从后句可知电影院应该正在修建。需要注意的是现在进

356、行时态的被动语态的动词形式。说明说明:bytheendof短语一般都与过去完成时或将来完成时连用。DB7.ThisisTedsphoto.Wemisshimalot.He_tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.(2002北京春季)A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilled D.waskilling8.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho_forthespoiledchild.(2002上海)A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblame说明说明:不要被前面使用的现在时所蒙蔽,在

357、地震中抢救小孩并献身的动作只能在过去。说明说明:betoblame是固定结构,不能用被动语态。该句是一个强调句型。CA9.Rainforests_andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.(2002上海春季)A.cutB.arecut C.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut说明说明:该句的意思为“雨林正在以如此快的速度被砍伐和烧毁以至于在不久的将来它们就会消失。”从语境中可以看出应该使用现在进行时。况且进行时可以表达出说话人的一种特殊的情感。说话人是想呼吁人们停止乱砍乱烧雨林,给人们提

358、出的一种警告。C20102010年高考语法复习年高考语法复习非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的考点一、非谓语动词的考点1、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别;、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别;2、非谓语动词作定语;、非谓语动词作定语;3、非谓语动词作主语和表语;、非谓语动词作主语和表语;4、非谓语动词作宾语;、非谓语动词作宾语;5、非谓语动词作宾补;、非谓语动词作宾补;6、非谓语动词作状语;、非谓语动词作状语;7、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动。、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动。二、非谓语动词的句法功能二、非谓语动词的句法功能不不定定式式主主语语宾宾语语表表语语宾宾补补定定语语状状语语动动名名词词主主语语宾宾语语表表语语

359、定定语语分分词词表表语语宾宾补补定定语语状状语语三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别高考题点击:高考题点击:1.“Cantyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.(93N)A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing2.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage_thegirlandtookheraway,_intothewoods.(04上海春季)上海春季)A.seizing.,disappearedB.seized.

360、,disappearedC.seizing,disappearingD.seized,disappearing两个动作之间用两个动作之间用and连接称为并列谓语,并列谓语需注意两个动词的连接称为并列谓语,并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性,故形式的一致性,故B、D皆错;不用皆错;不用and连接时称之为状语,只能用非连接时称之为状语,只能用非谓语动词作状语,故谓语动词作状语,故C错。错。seized和和took是并列谓语,是并列谓语,disappearing是伴随状语。此题的关是伴随状语。此题的关键是键是and的位置,如果的位置,如果and在在disappear前,则三个动词并列。前,则三个动

361、词并列。AD四、非谓语动词作主语和表语四、非谓语动词作主语和表语高考题点击:高考题点击:1.Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and_.(01上海上海)A.hedliketocollectcoinsaswellB.hefeelslikecollectingcoins,tooC.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobbyD.collectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure2.Itsnecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.(05北京

362、卷北京卷)A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having在在and连接的并列句中,两个主语最好要保持一致的形式。动名词连接的并列句中,两个主语最好要保持一致的形式。动名词fishing和和collectingcoins分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为“钓鱼是他的爱好,集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。钓鱼是他的爱好,集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。”DD非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题:第一是并行结非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题:第一是并行结构问题,如:构问题,如:Seeingisbelieving./Toseeisto

363、believe.第二需要注意一些结构:第二需要注意一些结构:A)在在Itsnouse(good;value;importance)等结构中只用动名等结构中只用动名词作主语。词作主语。如:如:Itsnousequarrellingwithsuchafellow.注意比较:注意比较:Theresnoneedtotellhimaboutit.B)在在Its+adj.结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型:结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型:Itseasy(difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better

364、;thefirst,thenext,thelast,thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenough)后加后加forsb.todoItskind(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的考虑周到的),silly,selfish(自私的自私的)后加后加ofsb.todo3.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.(99N)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notma

365、kingD.donotmakeB动词不定式短语动词不定式短语tomakelifeeasier及及nottomakeitmoredifficult都作都作purpose的表语。非谓语动词作表语时要特的表语。非谓语动词作表语时要特别注意两个问题,一是并行结构问题,二是时间问题。别注意两个问题,一是并行结构问题,二是时间问题。一般来说,不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来,一般来说,不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来,故在表示故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示时其表语应该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份

366、、职业身份、职业”等。等。另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。五、非谓语动词作定语五、非谓语动词作定语高考题点击:高考题点击:1.Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.(04上海)上海)A.tosmellB.smellingC.smelt D.tobesmelt 2.Amanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe_murderlastnight.(04江苏)江苏)A.advisedB.attendedC.at

367、temptedD.admitted该题的谓语动词是该题的谓语动词是attract,“闻起来很香闻起来很香”用来作定语修用来作定语修饰饰主语主语flowers。BC“谋杀谋杀”只能被预谋,故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。只能被预谋,故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。3.Thepicture_onthewallispaintedbymynephew.(00北京春季北京春季)A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangs D.beinghung4.Therearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.(99上海上海)A.tobechosenB.tochoosefro

368、mC.tochooseD.forchoosingBBhang作及物动词用时表示人为的作及物动词用时表示人为的“挂挂”;作不及物动词用;作不及物动词用时时表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的hang为不及物动为不及物动词,所以用现在分词作定语。词,所以用现在分词作定语。动词不定式动词不定式tochoosefrom和和tochoose都可以作定语,问题都可以作定语,问题是是tochoose作定语时该名词是作定语时该名词是choose的对象;的对象;tochoosefrom作定语时,该名词是作定语时,该名词是choose的范围。该题指的是范围的范围。该题指的是范围.非谓语

369、动词作定语时要注意以下区别:非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别:A)分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系;分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系;B)动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义;动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义;C)不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构:不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构:在在time,chance,right等名词后;等名词后;在序数词后;在序数词后;在在wish,need,demand,requirement等词后。等词后。D)表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法:表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法:done表示已经完成的动作表示已经完

370、成的动作tobedone表示尚未开始的动作表示尚未开始的动作beingdone表示正在进行之中的动作表示正在进行之中的动作六、非谓语动词作宾补六、非谓语动词作宾补高考题点击:高考题点击: 1.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.(95N)A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottoitD.donottoA为了避免重复,常用省略形式为了避免重复,常用省略形式to来代替前面的动作。如:来代替前面的动作。如:Wouldyouliketovisitourschool?Yes,Idliketo.有些动词后面需要用不定

371、式作宾补,除有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补,除tell外,常见的还外,常见的还有:有:adviseallowcauseconsiderencourageforbidforceintendorderpermitpersuaderemindrequestrequireurgewarnaskwishwant等等特别注意:特别注意:hope,agree,demand,suggest等没有宾补。等没有宾补。2.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.(95N)A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning3.Acomputerdoeso

372、nlywhatthinkingpeople_.(99上海上海)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone使役动词使役动词make/have/letsb.dosth.但改为被动语态后,但改为被动语态后,则应为:则应为:bemade/lettodo。注意其它不带。注意其它不带to的动词不定的动词不定式的用法。式的用法。此句中的此句中的it指代的是指代的是acomputer,what在从句中作在从句中作do的的宾语,表示宾语,表示“人们让计算机所做的事人们让计算机所做的事“应该用应该用peoplehaveacomputerdo这一结构。需要注意的

373、是这一结构。需要注意的是have的的几个常用结构:几个常用结构:havesb./sth.do;havesb./sth.done;havesb./sth.doing;havesb./sth.todoBA4.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.(00N)A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout5.Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.(94N)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplayt

374、hat引导的是定语从句,修饰引导的是定语从句,修饰plan,在从句中作,在从句中作see的宾的宾语。因此从句中的结构应为语。因此从句中的结构应为seetheplancarriedout。特别注。特别注意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式,则表示一个完整的动感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式,则表示一个完整的动作;若用现在分词,则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解作;若用现在分词,则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解为正在进行的动作。为正在进行的动作。CA七、非谓语动词作宾语七、非谓语动词作宾语高考题点击:高考题点击: 1.Weagreed_he

375、rebutsofarshehasntturnedupyet.(95N)A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet2.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_tomynewjob.(00N)A.expected B.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsCB注意注意1:仅带不定式作宾语的动词有:仅带不定式作宾语的动词有:agree,refuse,offer,promise,decide,determine,intend,manage,fail,hope,expect,long,wish,tend

376、,desire,plan,pretend,等;等;注意注意2:动词动词know,show等常带疑问词加等常带疑问词加todo作宾语。作宾语。3.Ireallyappreciate_torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.(01上海上海)A.tohavehadtimeB.havingtimeC.tohavetimeD.tohavingtimeB仅带动名词作宾语的动词为:仅带动名词作宾语的动词为:admitappreciateavoiddelayenjoyescapeexcusepreventfinishimaginemindpractiseresistrisksuggest

377、standforgivekeepallowadvisepermitforbid但如果在但如果在allowadvisepermitforbid后提到有关的人,后提到有关的人,就只能用不定式作宾补。就只能用不定式作宾补。在动词在动词want,need,require,demand等词后加动名词作宾等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义,相当于语时表示被动意义,相当于tobedone。4.-Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well,nowIregret_that.(95N)A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.ha

378、vingdone5.-Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.-Dontyouremember_methestoryyesterday?(99上海上海)A.toldB.tellingC.totelltohavetold6.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_foranotherhour.(02上海春季上海春季)A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaitingDBA特别注意带不定式和动名词作宾语时意义不同的动词:特别注意带不定式和动名词作宾语时意义不同的动词:remember,forget,r

379、egret,try,goon,mean,miss,stop7.Howaboutthetwoofus_awalkdownthegarden?(93N)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking8.-Imustapologizefor_aheadoftime.-Thatsallright.(94N)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.Sandycoulddonothingbut_tohisteacherthathewaswrong.(01上海春季上海春季

380、)A.admitB.admittedC.admitting D.toadmitCBA介词的宾语一般都用动名词,但有三个介词介词的宾语一般都用动名词,但有三个介词but(except)/than/beabout后要接不定式作宾语。后要接不定式作宾语。10.Ratherthan_onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_abicycle.(94N)A.riderideB.ridingrideC.ridetorideD.torideriding注意注意prefer的几个常用句型:的几个常用句型:prefertodosth.thandosth.preferdoingsth.todoi

381、ngsth.prefer+n.to+n.C11.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_someschoolsforpoorchildren.(01上海春季上海春季)A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup12.-Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?-Thekey_theproblemistomeetthedemand_bythecustomers.(02北京北京)A.tosolvingmakingB.tosolvingm

382、adeC.tosolvemakingD.tosolvemadeBB要特别注意要特别注意to的词性,分析其为介词还是不定式。的词性,分析其为介词还是不定式。admitto,beaccustomedto习惯于,习惯于,beusedto,stickto,turnto,devoteoneselfto,bedevotedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto等等八、非谓语动词作状语八、非谓语动词作状语高考题点击:高考题点击: 1.-Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?-_enoughproteinandnutrit

383、ionasyouaregrowingup.(99上海上海)A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting2._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(01北京春季北京春季)A.Tosleep B.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept3.Inordertomakeourcitygreen,_.(02上海春季上海春季)A.itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesB.manymoretreesneedtoplantC.ourcityneedsmoretreesD.wemustplantm

384、oretreesCAD4._inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(96N)A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose5._thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.(00北京春季北京春季)A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven6.HesentmeanE-mail,_togetfurtherinformation.(00上海上海)A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope

385、loseoneselfinsth.表示表示“陷入陷入”,主语,主语he为为lose的宾语。的宾语。given作状语意为作状语意为“考虑到考虑到”,意思相当于,意思相当于considering。注意注意hoping为伴随状语而非目的状语,真正的目的是后为伴随状语而非目的状语,真正的目的是后面的面的toget。CAB7.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(02N)A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginning D.begun8.Findinghercarstolen,_.(01上海上海).A.ap

386、olicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelponce在此处只是副词,后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语在此处只是副词,后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语的关系。的关系。begin为及物动词,意为为及物动词,意为“开始、启动开始、启动”,故该用,故该用过过去分词。去分词。本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。DD九、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动九、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动高考题点击:高考题点击: 1.Iwouldlo

387、ve_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.(97N)A.togoB.havinggone C.goingD.tohavegone2.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.(99N)A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingDAwouldlovetohavedone表示本想去做,但没做成。表示本想去做,但没做成。本题的关键是本题的关键是“whatcountryhestudi

388、edin”,由此可知,由此可知事情发生在过去。事情发生在过去。3.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_everything.(01上海上海)A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.(02N)A.toseeB.tobeseen C.seeingD.seen本题中母亲被告知真象显然发生在以前,所以你本题中母亲被告知真象显然发生在

389、以前,所以你现在没有必要再隐瞒了。现在没有必要再隐瞒了。remain后接后接todo,此处,此处it指代的是后面的主语从句。指代的是后面的主语从句。他们是否喜欢有待于观察,此处应为被动。他们是否喜欢有待于观察,此处应为被动。DB5._tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoonesskin.(02上海上海)A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed6._suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(01N)A.Ha

390、vingsuffered B.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered7.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_totheparty.(00上海上海)A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited该句缺主语,只能用动名词才能作主语。该句缺主语,只能用动名词才能作主语。CAD8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(02上海春季上海春季)A.settle

391、dB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledwith+n./pron.+O.C.构成一个独立主格结构,构成一个独立主格结构,在句中作状语。用在句中作状语。用settled表示已经解决了的问表示已经解决了的问题;用题;用beingsettled表示正在被解决的问题;表示正在被解决的问题;用用tobesettled表示将要被解决的问题。而此处表示将要被解决的问题。而此处的的tosettle是用来作定语修饰前面的是用来作定语修饰前面的problems。另外还要注意一下分词的独立主格结构的基本用另外还要注意一下分词的独立主格结构的基本用法。法。C20102010年高考语法复习

392、系列十四年高考语法复习系列十四反意问句及倒装句1、祈使句的反意问句;、祈使句的反意问句;2、Ithink+宾语从句的反意问句;宾语从句的反意问句;3、主从复合句的反意问句;、主从复合句的反意问句;4、表示判断的情态动词构成的反、表示判断的情态动词构成的反意疑问句。意疑问句。反意问句考点分析考题点击:考题点击:1、Idontsupposeanyonewillvolunteer,_?(01上海)A.doIB.dontIC.willtheyD.wontthey2、Briantoldyouthattherewasntanyoneintheroomatthattime,_?(02上海春季)A.wasth

393、ereB.wasntthereC.didntheD.didhe3、Thereisnolightinthedormitory.Theymusthavegonetothelecture,_?(04上海春季)A.didnttheyB.donttheyC.mustnttheyD.haventthey4、-Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,_?-ButIfedityesterday.(99NMET)A.doyouB.willyouC.didntyou D.dontyouC CC CD DB B1)陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用arentI.Imastallasyoursister,a

394、rentI?2)陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may+主语。Iwishtohaveawordwithyou,mayI?3)陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。TheSwedemadenoanswer,didhe/she?Someplantsneverblown(开花),dothey?4)含有oughtto的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldnt/oughtnt+主语。Heoughttoknowwhattodo,oughtnthe?/shouldnt

395、he?5)陈述部分有haveto+v.(hadto+v.),疑问部分常用dont+主语(didnt+主语)。Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,dontwe?6)陈述部分的谓语是usedto时,疑问部分用didnt+主语或usednt+主语。Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didnt(usednt)he?7)陈述部分有hadbetter+v.疑问句部分用hadntyou?Youdbetterreaditbyyourself,hadntyou?8)陈述部分有wouldrather+v.,疑问部分多用wouldnt+主语。Hewouldratherr

396、eadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldnthe?9)陈述部分有Youdliketo+v.疑问部分用wouldnt+主语。Youdliketogowithme,wouldntyou?10)陈述部分有must的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。Hemustbeadoctor,isnthe?YoumusthavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears,haventyou?Hemusthavefinishedityesterday,didnthe?11)感叹句中,疑问部分用be+主语。Whatcolours,arentthey?Whatasmell,isntit

397、?12)陈述部分由neithernor,eitheror连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词that,everything,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用it。Everythingisready,isntit?陈述部分为主语从句或并列句,疑问部分有三种情况:a.并列句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近分句的谓语而定。Mr.SmithhadbeentoBeijingforseveraltimes,heshouldhavebeeninChinanow,shouldnthe?b.带有定

398、语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:Heisnotthemanwhogaveusatalk,ishe?HesaidhewantedtovisitJapan,didnthe?c.上述部分如果主句主语是第一人称而谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的宾语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。Idontthinkheisbright,ishe?Webelieveshecandoitbetter,cantshe?15)陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone等,疑

399、问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。Everyoneknowstheanswer,dontthey?(doeshe?)Nobodyknowsaboutit,dothey?(doeshe?)16)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用need(dare)+主语。Weneednotdoitagain,needwe?Hedarenotsayso,dareyou?当dare,need为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do+主语。Shedoesntdaretogohomealone,doesshe?17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用willyou。Dontdothataga

400、in,willyou?Gowithme,willyou/wontyou?注意:Lets开头的祈使句,后用shallwe?Letus开头的祈使句,后用willyou?Letsgoandlistentothemusic,shallwe?Letuswaitforyouinthereading-room,willyou?18)陈述部分是“therebe”结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isntthere?Therewillnotbeanytrouble,willthere?19)否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定

401、形式。Itisimpossible,isntit?Heisnotunkindtohisclassmates,ishe?20)must在表“推测”时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。Hemustbetherenow,isnthe?Itmustbegoingtoraintomorrow,wontit?考题点击考题点击1:IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinallmylife_sohappy.(2000北京春季)A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfeltD D解析:解析:含有否定意义的词放在句首,句子要采用部分倒装的形式,据此

402、排除B、C两项。句意要求用过去完成时。考题点击考题点击2:_canyouexpecttogetapayrise.(01北京春季)A.WithhardworkB.AlthoughworkhardC.OnlywithhardworkD.NowthatheworkshardC C解析解析:canyouexpect是倒装句,此处四个选项中只有Only+状语开头的句子才需倒装。以so;such;only加状语或状语从句开头的句子要倒装。考题点击考题点击3:Thedoctoropenedthedoorand_theroom_aboywithaballinhishand.A.intocomesB.intoc

403、ameC.inentersD.inenteredB B解析:解析:表示趋向性的介词或副词短语置于句首时,句子要全部倒装,即谓语动词与主语完全倒置。此种倒装需要注意两点:(1)主语必须是名词;(2)动词没有进行时。另外在复习过程中还需要注意虚拟倒装句及让步倒装句:另外在复习过程中还需要注意虚拟倒装句及让步倒装句:1、Whatwouldhavehappened,_asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther2._,heseemsto

404、knoweverythinginthecity.A.YoungalthoughtheboyisB.AboythoughheisC.BoyasheisD.YoungasistheboyC CC C20102010年高考语法复习年高考语法复习名词性从句1.名词性从句考点名词性从句考点1、引导词、引导词that与与what;that与与whether;if与与whether;what与与how等的区别;等的区别;2、名词性从句的时态和语序问题;、名词性从句的时态和语序问题;3、名词性从句的语气问题;、名词性从句的语气问题;4、同位语从句与定语从句的比较区别。、同位语从句与定语从句的比较区别。1、名词

405、性从句的引导词问题、名词性从句的引导词问题问题问题1:Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger_itwas20yearsago,_itwassopoorlyequipped.(05安徽卷)A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;thatA A前句考查的是that与what的区别。that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,而what可充当名词性的成分。前句的表语从句中还缺少表语,故只能用what。后句是定语从句,修饰20yearsago,所以须用when。问题问题2:1)Whatthedoct

406、orsreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.(上海2001)A.whenB.ifC.whetherD.why2)Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand_itisroughorsmooth.(05天津卷)A.不填B.whetherC.howD.whatC CB B在名词性从句中表示“是否”这一概念时,连词if一般只能引导宾语从句,而题1是表语从句,故不能选B;注意doubt的用法,如果是肯定句,用whether,如果是否定句,用that。宾语从句中,以下

407、情况只用whether不用if:与or连用时;后接不定式短语时;在decide;besure等动词后。问题问题3:_leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.(MET1988)A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.WhoC Cwhoever引导名词性从句时表示“无论哪一个”,相当于anyonewho;who引导名词性从句时表示带有疑问的“谁”。根据该题的意思不难作出选择。选项A,B后都缺少了who,而引导定语从句的who是不能省略的。同时还需要注意whoever与nomatterwho;whatever与nomatterwhat等的

408、区别。wh-ever既可引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句,而nomatterwh-只能引导状语从句。问题问题4:1)Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize_sillymistakesIhadmade.(05湖南卷)A.whatB.thatC.howD.which2)Parentsaretaughttounderstand_importanteducationistotheirchildrensfuture.(04广东)A.thatB.howC.suchD.soA AB Bwhat与how引导感叹句时,what后加名词,how后加形容词和副词。其结

409、构为:What+(a)+(adj.)+n.但要注意在what后不能加表示数量的many;much;few;little等词。How+adj.+(a)+(n.),要注意的是how后的名词只能为单数名词。题1中是复数名词,只能用what;题2中的正常语序是educationisimportanttotheir,所以选B。2、名词性从句中的时态问题、名词性从句中的时态问题问题问题1:1、Scientiststhinkthatthecontinents_alwayswherethey_today.(05北京卷)A.arent;areB.arent;wereC.werent;areD.werent;we

410、re2、Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.Oh!Ithoughtthey_withoutme.(05江西卷)AwentBaregoingChavegoneDhadgoneC CD D当主句的动词为现在和将来时态时,名词性从句中的动作根据所发生的时间来定,可以有各种时态;当主句的动词为过去时态时,从句中的动作一般都要使用相应的过去时,除非表示客观真理。3、名词性从句中的语序问题、名词性从句中的语序问题问题问题1:1、Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.(全国2000)A.whoisheB.

411、whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis2、Thephotographswillshowyou_(MET1989)A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslikeD DB B名词性从句中都用陈述语序,不用倒装语序。题1中的干扰项是B,对想要知道的人提问或应答都用it而不用人称代词he,I,you等。题2只要注意是介词宾语就行了。4.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气、宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词

412、suggest,order,demand,request,desire,insist,require,decide,determine,advise,recommend,deserve(值得提及)后需用should型的虚拟语气。考题点击:考题点击:1.Theteacherdemandedthatthework_before4oclock.A.finishedB.befinishedC.shouldfinishD.finish2.-Whatdidthedoctorsayaboutyourmothersillness?-Hesuggestedthatshe_anoperationatonce.A.

413、musthaveB.hadC.haveD.hadhadB BC CB、主语从句中的虚拟语气、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型:基本句型:a.Itissuggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted;+(should)dob.Itisimportant,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,imperativec.Itisapity,ashame,nowonder考题点击:考题点击:1.Isitnecessarythathe_theexamination?A.takes

414、B.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastoldD DB BC、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(sho

415、uld)holdameetingnextweek.考题点击:考题点击:1.Hissuggestionthatyou_oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantryA A5、it作形式主语或形式宾语的问题作形式主语或形式宾语的问题问题问题1:1、_isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It2、Ilike_intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(04全

416、国I)AthisBthat CitDone3、Thechairmanthought_necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.(05全国卷1)AthatBit CthisDhimD DC CB B主语、宾语从句常用先行词it代替,而将其置于句末。但由whatever,whoever引导的主语从句一般不用it代替。6、其它需要注意的几个问题、其它需要注意的几个问题1)在think,believe,suppose,expect,guess等动词后的否定前移问题;2)在hope,believe,imagine,suppose,guess,t

417、hink,expect,tell,say,fear以及beafraid等词语后,可用so代替一个宾语从句(指代上文涉及之事)。3)记住同位语从句的“先行词”,如:“advice,belief(信念),doubt(怀疑),fact,fear,hope,idea,knowledge,news,order,problem,question,remark(意见),reply,report,suggestion,thought(想法),wish,”等。4)同位语从句与定语从句的区别20102010年高考语法复习年高考语法复习冠词冠词考点及复习要点冠词考点及复习要点冠词的考查是当前各地高考考卷中的热点,是

418、我们冠词的考查是当前各地高考考卷中的热点,是我们复习中的重点之一。冠词的考查以固定结构和习惯用语复习中的重点之一。冠词的考查以固定结构和习惯用语为主,结合考查一些基本规则。所以我们在复习中要注为主,结合考查一些基本规则。所以我们在复习中要注重教材中的语言点的整理,同时对下面的冠词规则也要重教材中的语言点的整理,同时对下面的冠词规则也要引起重视。引起重视。1、不定冠词的用法比较;、不定冠词的用法比较;2、定冠词的习惯用法;、定冠词的习惯用法;3、零冠词的用法;、零冠词的用法;4、在习惯用语中冠词的用法;、在习惯用语中冠词的用法;不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法考题点击考题点击1TheWilsonsl

419、ivein_A-shapedhousenearthecoast.Itis_17thcenturycottage.(04浙江)A.the,/B.an,theC./,theD.an,aD D该句意为“威尔逊先生一家住在海边的一幢A型房子里,那是一幢十七世纪的屋子。”两处都表示“一幢“,A-shaped是元音开头,该用an;而seventeenth是辅音开头,所以该用a。考题点击考题点击2Mrs.Taylorhas_8-year-olddaughterwhohas_giftforpaintingshehaswontwonationalprizes.(05浙江卷)Aa;a Ban;the Can;aD

420、the;aC C“Taylor夫人有一个在绘画方面极有天赋的八岁的女儿,她已经两次获得全国大奖了。”eight是元音开头,所以该用an;而后面的haveagiftfor为一短语,表示“在方面有天赋”,故答案为C。冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(theDefiniteArticle),另一种是不定冠词(theIndefiniteArticle),还有一种是零冠词(ZeroArticle)。不定冠词a(an)与数词one同源,是“一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前,而an则用于元音音素前。1)表示一个,意为one;指某人

421、或某物,意为acertain。AMr.Lingiswaitingforyou.2)代表一类人或物。Aknifeisatoolforcuttingwith.Mr.Smithisanengineer.3)词组或成语。alittle/afew/alot/atypeof/apile/agreatmany/manya/asarule/inahurry/inaminute/inaword/inashortwhile/afterawhile/haveacold/haveatry/keepaneyeon/allofasudden定冠词的用法定冠词的用法考题点击考题点击1Asarule,domesticserv

422、antsdoingoddjobsarepaid_.(04上海春季)A.bythehourB.byhourC.byanhourD.byhoursA A“按小时付费”,以及其它用来表示“按计算”都需用介词by加the加单位名词来表示,如:bytheday;bythejin;bythepound;bythedozen。但需注意:size;weight;time;length等名词并不表示单位,所以不需加the。考题点击考题点击2OnMay5,2005,at_WorldTableTennisChampionship,KongLinghuiandWangHaowonthegoldmedalinmensd

423、oubleswith_scoreof4:1.(05江苏卷)A.a;aB.不填;theC.a;不填 D.the;aD D“theWorldTableTennisChampionship”是由普通名词构成的专有名词,用来表示一个机构名称。这类名词前都要加the。“withascoreof4:1”表示“以4:1的比分”,是一个介词短语结构。考题点击考题点击3Thisbooktells_lifestoryofJohnSmith,wholeft_schoolandworkedforanewspaperattheageof16.(05辽宁卷)Athe;theBa;theCthe;不填Da;不填C C“这本

424、书讲的是JohnSmith的人生故事”,是特指的,所以必须用the。“leaveschool”表示“毕业”,不用冠词。类似的用法还有:finishschool;inclass;atchurch;gotoschool等。定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。1)特指双方都明白的人或物:Takethemedicine.把药吃了。2)上文提到过的人或事:Heboughtahouse.Ivebeentothehouse.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3)指世上独一物二的事物:thesun,thesky,them

425、oon,theearth4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:thedollar美元;thefox狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:therich富人;theliving生者。5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面:Wheredoyoulive?Iliveonthesecondfloor.你住在哪?我住在二层。ThatstheverythingIvebeenlookingfor.那正是我要找的东西。6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.指全体教师)Theyareteachersofthisschool

426、.(指部分教师)7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:Shecaughtmebythearm.她抓住了我的手臂。8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:thePeoplesRepublicofChina中华人民共和国theUnitedStates美国9)用在表示乐器的名词之前:Sheplaysthepiano.她会弹钢琴。10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:theGreens格林一家人(或格林夫妇)11)用在表示“度量衡”之类的名词前:Applesaresoldbythepound.但要注意在time,weight,length等名词前不加t

427、he。12)用在惯用语中:intheday,inthemorning(afternoon,evening);thedayaftertomorrow;thedaybeforeyesterday;thenextmorning;inthesky(water,field,country);inthedark;intherain;inthedistance;inthemiddle(of);intheend;onthewhole;bytheway;gotothetheatre零冠词的用法零冠词的用法考题点击考题点击1Ifyougoby_train,youcanhavequiteacomfortablejo

428、urney,butmakesureyouget_fastone.(05全国卷3)Athe;theB不填;aCthe;aD不填;不填B B在由介词by加表示交通方式的名词短语中,不用冠词。但如果by不表示交通方式,而表示地理位置,就需要加冠词了。如:bysea乘船;bythesea在海边考题点击考题点击2Itisoftensaidthat_teachershave_veryeasylife.(05北京卷)A.不填;不填B.不填;aC.the,不填D.the,aB Bteachers是复数名词,用来表示类属,不加冠词。只有在特定范围内的复数名词前才加冠词。“havealife”是一个习惯短语,表示

429、“过着的生活”。考题点击考题点击3Thewarmthof_sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof_woolused.(01全国)A.the;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/B Bsweater的保暖性能取决于使用哪一种类型的羊毛。the加单数名词sweater表示一种类型;而羊毛是物质名词,表示类属的物质名词不加冠词。1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary;2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;Theyareteachers.他们是教师。3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;Failureisthe

430、motherofsuccess.失败乃成功之母4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;Mancannotlivewithoutwater.人离开水就无法生存。5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;TheguardstooktheAmericantoGeneralLee.士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。7)在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词如:havebreakfast,playc

431、hess但如果三餐饭的名词前有形容词修饰,则需要加冠词。如:haveabigbreakfast8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;Icantwritewithoutpenorpencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。9)当by与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;bybus,bytrain;10)有些个体名词不用冠词;如:school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;gotohospital去医院看病gotothehospita

432、l去医院(并不一定去看病)11)不用冠词的序数词;a.序数词前有物主代词b.序数词作副词Hecamefirstintherace.c.在固定词组中at(the)first,firstofall,fromfirsttolast12)在复习过程中注意不带冠词的短语和习惯用语。13)特别注意加冠词和不加冠词的意义区别。如:gotohospital-gotothehospitalattable-atthetableinchargeof-inthechargeofoutofquestion-outofthequestion不定冠词的位置不定冠词的位置考题点击考题点击1_rolesheplayedinth

433、efilm!NowondershehaswonanOscar.(2002上海春)A.HowinterestingB.HowaninterestingC.WhatinterestingD.WhataninterestingD D不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。但位于下列形容词之后:such,what,many,half,如:Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.Manyamanisfitforthejob.考题点击考题点击2Wewerein_whenweleftthatweforgottheairlinetickets.(2003上海)A.arushsoanxiousB.asu

434、chanxiousrushC.soananxiousrushD.suchananxiousrushD D当名词前的形容词被副词as,so,too,how,however,enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后:ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.Soshortatime.Toolongadistance.还需注意下面三个问题:还需注意下面三个问题:1、quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。但当rather,quite前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。如:quitealot2、在as,though引导的让步状语从句中,当标语为形容词修饰的

435、名词时,不定冠词放形容词后:Braveamanthoughheis,hetremblesatthesightofsnakes.他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。3、当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。定冠词的位置定冠词的位置考题点击考题点击1Hedidit_ittookme.(2003北京)A.one-thirdatimeB.one-thirdtimeC.theone-thirdtime D.one-thirdthetimeD D定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,threetimes等词之后,名词之前。Allth

436、estudentsintheclasswentout.班里的所有学生都出去了。0606年高考语法复习年高考语法复习数词数词考点及复习要点数词考点及复习要点虽然数词并不是近几年的考查重点,但我们在虽然数词并不是近几年的考查重点,但我们在复习时还是需要搞清楚以下几个概念:复习时还是需要搞清楚以下几个概念:1、数词的基本用法及比较;、数词的基本用法及比较;2、数词的位置;、数词的位置;3、倍数词的表达习惯;、倍数词的表达习惯;4、在习惯用语中数词的用法;、在习惯用语中数词的用法;数词的基本用法数词的基本用法考题点击考题点击1Itisnotrarein_thatpeoplein_fiftiesareg

437、oingtouniversityforfurthereducation.(99上海)A.90s,theB.the90s,/C.90s,theirD.the90s,theirD D表示“几十岁”;用inones+数词复数,如:Hebegantoworkinhisteens.表示年代,用in+the+数词复数;数词的基本用法数词的基本用法考题点击考题点击2_ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.(2000上海)A.Twofifth,isB.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,isD.Twofifths,areC C分数和百分数

438、作主语时,关键是看其后的名词来决定其谓语动词的数。该题中的是不可数名词,所以动词需用单数。数词的基本用法数词的基本用法考题点击考题点击3Americanseat_vegetablesperpersontodayastheydidin1910.(2002上海春)A.morethantwiceB.astwiceasmanyC.twiceasmanyasD.morethantwiceasmanyD D倍数表示法:主+谓+倍数(或分数)+as+adj.(+n.)+asIhavethreetimesasmanyasyou.其他用来表示倍数的方法:其他用来表示倍数的方法:1.主+谓+倍数(分数)+thes

439、ize(weight,length)ofTheearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月球的49倍。2.主+谓+倍数(分数)+形容词(副词)比较级+thanThegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。3.主+谓+junior(senior)+toHeisfiveyearsseniortohisyoungerbrother.20102010年高考语法复习年高考语法复习动词及动词短语前前 言言 名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词以及它们名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词以及它们的短

440、语是各地高考中的热点,其中以动词和动词的短语是各地高考中的热点,其中以动词和动词短语为最。这些虽属语法范畴,但又似乎没有多短语为最。这些虽属语法范畴,但又似乎没有多少规律可循。因此我们更应该把这些知识放到课少规律可循。因此我们更应该把这些知识放到课文复习中去,在课文复习中来整理、归纳和比较,文复习中去,在课文复习中来整理、归纳和比较,以求达到巩固基础,灵活运用的目的。此处只是以求达到巩固基础,灵活运用的目的。此处只是借高考试卷来分析一下我们在复习过程中应侧重借高考试卷来分析一下我们在复习过程中应侧重些什么,应注意些什么。至于这些知识应复习到些什么,应注意些什么。至于这些知识应复习到什么度,那就

441、该应人而宜了。什么度,那就该应人而宜了。动词及动词短语考点动词及动词短语考点1、系动词的比较;、系动词的比较;2、动词的及物与不及物;短暂性与持续性;、动词的及物与不及物;短暂性与持续性;3、意思相同或相近的动词比较;、意思相同或相近的动词比较;4、同一动词构成的不同词组的用法比较;、同一动词构成的不同词组的用法比较;5、意思相同或相近的动词短语的比较。、意思相同或相近的动词短语的比较。1、系动词的用法比较、系动词的用法比较考题点击:考题点击:1)Happybirthday,Alice!Soyouhave_twenty-onealready!(04天津)AbecomeBturnedCgrown

442、Dpassed2)Onhearingthenewsoftheaccidentinthecoalmine,she_pale.(04湖北)AgotBchanged CwentDappearedB Bbecome强调变化过后的持续性;turn表示从某种状态向其对应状态转化的自然现象,其后接名词不用冠词;go往往表示情况变坏或恶化;fall表示一下子进入一种状态fallasleep/ill/silent;come表示向好的方面转化;get强调造成事件的施动者发挥的作用或变化的结果;C C2、及物动词和不及物动词、及物动词和不及物动词考题点击考题点击Whydontyouputthemeatinthefr

443、idge?Itwillfreshforseveraldays.(03全国卷)AbestayedBstayCbestaying DhavestayedB B该句中的stay是系动词,其后加fresh作表语,所以没有被动语态。stay是表示状态的系动词,一般不用进行时。英语中有许多动词都有多重词性,如:sell,用作“销售”用时是及物动词,用作“销路”用时为不及物动词;feel,用作“摸索”解时为及物动词,用作“摸上去怎么样”解时为系动词。所以复习中需要注意动词的词性变化。3、意思相同或相近的动词的比较、意思相同或相近的动词的比较考题点击考题点击1.-Juliasaidshesentyouabir

444、thdaycardyesterday.Haveyougotit?-Oh,really!Ihavent_mymailboxyet.(05天津)A.examinedB.reviewedC.testedD.checked2.Inourchildhood,wewereoften_byGrandmatopayattentiontoourtablemanners.(05江苏卷)A.demandedB.remindedC.allowedD.hoped3.-Ow!Iveburntmyself!Howdidyoudothat?-I_ahotpot.(05浙江卷)(A)AtouchedBkept CfeltDhe

445、ldD DB BB B以上三道题中比较的都是我们常见的动词,象第一题中的examine;check;test,第三题中的touch;feel;hold。有时还需考虑到固定搭配,如:Heissuchamanwhoisalways_faultwithotherpeople.(05安徽卷)A.puttingB.seekingC.findingD.lookingforC C该题中“findfaultwithsb.”为固定短语,意为“抱怨别人、挑剔”。在做动词题时,需要读懂句子的意思,分析句子结构,善于发现习惯用语和固定短语。4.动词短语的用法比较动词短语的用法比较考题点击考题点击1、TheIntern

446、ethasbrought_bigchangesinthewaywework.(05北京春季)A.aboutB.outC.backD.up2、Kathy_alotofSpanishbyplayingwiththenativeboysandgirls.(05安徽卷)A.pickedupB.tookupC.madeupD.turnedup第一题的考点是同一动词与不同的介词和副词的搭配,第二题的考点是同一个副词与不同的动词的搭配。且这些短语都是大家非常熟悉的。A AA A5、意思相同或相近的动词短语的比较、意思相同或相近的动词短语的比较考题点击:考题点击:1、Thepresidentspokeatth

447、ebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithout_hisnotes.(05浙江卷)AbringingupBreferringtoClookingforDtryingon2、Whatshallweuseforpowerwhenalltheoilintheworldhas_?(05山东卷)A.givenoutB.putoutC.heldupD.usedup第一题只需要正确理解句意就不难发现答案。第二题的干扰项是D,但useup需用被动。giveout表示“用尽了”,相当于runout。A AB BGrammarGrammar Look at the following

448、sentences. Pay attention to the differences:Thisisthebookthatyouaskedmetobuy.Thisisthejustbookthatyouaskedmetobuy. Iknowhisphonenumber.Idoknowhisphonenumber. function ?Emphasis用用词词或或短语短语帮助强调帮助强调so,very,just,theonlyYouaretheverypersonIamlookingfor.Mendontenjoyshoppingatall.Whatonearthareyoudoing?Whyi

449、ntheworldareyoualwayslate?atall,onearthintheworldYou are the only person who is honest in this world.用助动词帮助强调用助动词帮助强调Dobecareful!Hedidtellmethenews.Shedoeslovetalking.强调强调谓语谓语(predicate)有有人称人称和和数数的变化的变化Do teach him a lesson!It is I who am wrong.It is in a small factory that my brother is going to wo

450、rk. 强调句型强调句型What kind of sentences are they?强调句型强调句型(sentencepattern)1.构成构成(structure)Itis/was+强调部分强调部分+that(who/whom)+其他成分其他成分强调强调除谓语以外除谓语以外的句子成分的句子成分强调强调人人只能只能是是单数单数Theywillhavea meetingin the halltomorrow.强调主语强调主语It is they that/who will have a meeting in the hall tomorrow.强调宾语强调宾语It is a meeting

451、 that they will have in the hall tomorrow.强调地点状语强调地点状语It is in the hall that they will have a meeting tomorrow.强调时间状语强调时间状语It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting in the hall.2.强调句型的注意点强调句型的注意点Itisyourfatherwhoiswrongthistime.ItishisparentswhohavecometoChina. 主谓一致主谓一致:被强调部分作:被强调部分作主语主语时,时,其形式与其

452、形式与谓语动词谓语动词在在人称人称和和数数上保持上保持一致。一致。主语主语谓语谓语一致一致ItisMarywhooften_(help/helps)mewithmyEnglish.ItisIthat_(be)againstyou.ItistheboystudentsofClassTwowho_playingfootballontheplayground.helpsamare 人称照应人称照应:强调主语用主格,强调:强调主语用主格,强调宾语用宾格。宾语用宾格。ItisIwhoamwrong.ItwasherwhomIsawinthestreetjustnow.主语主语主格主格宾语宾语宾格宾格这次

453、得冠军的是她。这次得冠军的是她。Itwas_thatwonthechampionshipthistime.你明天要去采访的是他。你明天要去采访的是他。sheItishimwhoyouwillinterviewtomorrow.ItmustbePeterwhohasletthissecretout.ItmaybenextweekthatsheleavesforTokyo.Itmightbelastnightthatthethiefbrokeintheirhouse.bebe前面可加情态动词前面可加情态动词问句形式:问句形式:一般问句:一般问句:Is/Wasit+被强调部分被强调部分+that+-

454、Isitthedictionarythatyouarelookingfor?Wasityesterdaythathewasfired?Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?Whowasitthattoldyouthenews?Whenwasitthatyoucalledme?Howwasitthatyousucceed?特殊问句:特殊问句:疑问词疑问词+is/was+it+that+-他想申请的是这家公司吗?他想申请的是这家公司吗?_thathewantstoapplyfor?你们是在哪里买到这本小说的?你们是在哪里买到这本小说的?IsitthiscompanyWherewasi

455、tthatyouboughtthenovel?Ididntrealizewhattroublehewasinuntilatthattime.ItwasnotuntilatthattimethatIrealizedwhattroublehewasin.当强调当强调notuntil结构时,必须将结构时,必须将 notuntil连用连用, ,后面接肯定式。后面接肯定式。Theteacherdidntstophislessonuntilthebellrang.(改成强调句改成强调句)Itwasnotuntilthebellrangthattheteacherstoppedhislesson.直到他父亲

456、来了男孩才开始做作业。直到他父亲来了男孩才开始做作业。Itwasnotuntilhisfathercamethattheboybegantodohishomework. 把把“It is/was - that”去掉,如果剩余去掉,如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完整,那么这个句子就部分句子结构仍然完整,那么这个句子就是强调句;如果句子不完整,则不是强调是强调句;如果句子不完整,则不是强调句。如:句。如: It istruethatheoncewenttoAmerica.It wasat8oclockthathecameback.主语主语从句从句强调句型强调句型3. 强调句型的判断强调句型的判断1.It

457、wasatthetheatre_Lincolnwasmurdered.A.whereB.atwhichC.whichD.that2.Itwasthetheatre_Lincolnwasmurdered.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.theoneItwasmidnight_hecameback.Itwasatmidnight_hecameback.whenthatItisintheclassroom_wewillhavethetest.Itistheclassroom_wewillhavethetest.thatwhere4.强调句型高考考点强调句型高考考点1 1)强调句型与定语从

458、句合用,增加试题)强调句型与定语从句合用,增加试题 迷惑性。迷惑性。ItwasonthedaywhenhejoinedthePartythathewaskilled.他正是在他正是在入党的入党的那天被杀害的。那天被杀害的。定语从句定语从句It was in Beihai Park _ they met for the first time _ the old couple told us their love story.A. where; that B. that; thatC. where; when D. that; when该题中该题中“they met for the first t

459、ime”为为被强调部分被强调部分“Beihai Park”的定语的定语()2 2)强调句型与宾语从句合用,强调句型)强调句型与宾语从句合用,强调句型 用于宾语从句用于宾语从句, ,为一大热门考点。为一大热门考点。 例如例如: : She looks sad. Could you please tell me _ that prevents her from being as happy as before? A. what it is B. it is what C. how it is D. it is how()Exercises:1.-Wasitin1969_theAmericanast

460、ronautsucceeded_landingonthemoon -Quiteright.A.when;onB.that;onC.when;inD.that;in2.Itwas_hesaid_disappointedme.A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what3._isnopossibility_Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;whetherB.It;thatC.There;thatD.It;whether4.-Wherewasyoupickedupthewallet -Justnearthes

461、choolgate.A.itB.itthatC.theplaceD.theplacethat5.Imustfindoutwhysomanystudentsmadethesamemistake.A.isitthatB.wasitwhichC.itiswhatD.itwasthat6.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ItC.ThatD.This7.Ourclassroomisveryclean.Doyouknowwhocleanedit A.wasitthatB.itwasthatC.wasit

462、whoD.hewas8.Isitinthefactoryyouvisitedlastweekthiskindofcarismade A.;thatB.where;whenC.where;thatD.;when9.Itwas_1920regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.until;whenB.notuntil;whenC.until;thatD.notuntil;that10.Itistenyears_MissGaoreturnedtoChina.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as11.Itwillbethreeyears_wegettogetheragain

463、.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.before英语句子概论英语句子概论基本成分基本成分附属成分附属成分独立成分独立成分省略成分省略成分连接成分连接成分简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句主语主语不及物动词不及物动词(S+Vi)主语主语及物动词及物动词宾语宾语(S+Vt+O)主语主语系动词系动词表表(S+LV+predicative)主语双宾动词主语双宾动词+间宾间宾+直宾直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)主语主语宾补动词宾补动词宾语宾语宾语补语宾语补语(S+Vt.+O+O.compl)There+be/stand/lie/live.简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型主

464、语、动词(不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分,至多4个基本成分。nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主主语语谓谓语语宾语宾语宾语宾语宾补宾补表语表语宾语宾语(间)宾语宾语(直直)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/feel/seem/lookappear/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come

465、/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.主语主语不及物动词不及物动词Shecame/Myheadaches.主语主语及物动词及物动词宾语宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语主语系动词系动词主语补语主语补语Sheishappy主语主语双宾动词双宾动词间接宾语间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语ShegaveJohnabookSheboughtabookforme.主语主语宾补动词宾补动词宾语宾语宾语补语宾语补语ShemakeshermotherangryTheteacheraskedmeto

466、readthepassage.There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.简单句基本句型实例简单句基本句型实例附属成分附属成分基本成分的修饰语。可以是:基本成分的修饰语。可以是:定语:即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句定语:即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句状语:即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、状语:即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。短语或从句。定定 语语PoorJohntotteredtowardahospitalnearbyShelikesorangesimported from the USA.JohngaveMarymanybooks,which ar

467、e full of illustrationsHaveyouseenthebookon the desk?Theboyplaying over thereismybrother.Peopletherelikesports.Johnoftencameto chat with meJohnlikesorangesvery muchWhenever he gets drunk,JohnmakesMaryveryangryHearing the news,hejumpedwith joy.As he was ill,hedidntcometoclassyesterday.Sheissittingat

468、the desk,doing her homework.Myfatherworkedin this schoolten years ago.Youdbetterstayhere.状状语语Examples:Oh!Whatisthat!(惊叹词)!(惊叹词)Hehas,alas,failedagainComehere,John(呼语)(呼语)Rollon,Ocean,rollon句中可以去掉的成分,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。句中可以去掉的成分,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。独立成分独立成分(You)Comehere(I wis

469、h you)Goodluck!Somegavehimpraises,butothers(gave him)rotteneggsHerunsasfastas,if( he does )not( run )faster,thanyou.( I )Hopeyoulikeit.JohnshouldcleantheroomtodayandPeter( should clean it )tomorrow.句中被省略的成分,虽然未说出来,却在句中表示句中被省略的成分,虽然未说出来,却在句中表示一定的意思:一定的意思:省略成分省略成分连接成分实际上是一个连词,用来连接两个或几个平行的连接成分实际上是一个连词,

470、用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词并列连词。另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句子(即从句)的连词。这类连词叫另一个句子(即从句)的连词。这类连词叫从属连词从属连词。从。从属连词主要用于引导各种从句。属连词主要用于引导各种从句。一个完整的句子(主句或从句)必须包含一个完整的句子(主句或从句)必须包含2个到个到4个基本成个基本成分,此外,如果意思上有需要,还可包含一个或更多其他分,此外,如果意思上有需要,还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成分。的句子成分。连接成分连接成分简单句

471、只有一个限定动词(即只有一个主谓结简单句只有一个限定动词(即只有一个主谓结构),它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种构),它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种作用中的一种。作用中的一种。作一种陈述作一种陈述提出一个问题提出一个问题发出一种命令或请求发出一种命令或请求表示一种感叹表示一种感叹Examples:Theboyhitthedog./Thedogbittheboy.Thegirlreadthebooks./Thebookspleasedthegirl.Stephenapologizedatonce.Doestheshopcloseat7tonight?Shutthedoor.Whataslo

472、wtrainthisis!简单句的基本词序简单句的基本词序主语主语动词部分动词部分宾语宾语 状语状语(谓语)(谓语)方式方式 地点地点 时间时间Iboughtahatyesterday.Thechildrenranhome.Thetaxidrivershoutedatmeangrily.Weateourmealinsilence.Thecarstoppedsuddenly.Ayounggirlwalkedconfidentlyintheroom.Theydrovehimawayinapolicecar.简单句的扩展成份简单句的扩展成份简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语(如定语)来扩展,简单句的

473、主语、宾语可以加上一个短语(如定语)来扩展,及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语(如状语)连用及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语(如状语)连用进行扩展。进行扩展。Thedogjumpedthroughthewindow.Heissavinguptobuyamobilephone.Abrightlittleboywithrosycheeksputthreebottlesofmilkquietlyonmydoorstep beforesevenoclock.HeworkedlikeamadmaninthegardenonSaturday.Theyounggirlwithlongblackhair

474、seemstobeveryhappy.两个简单句的主语可以连词两个简单句的主语可以连词and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、notonlybutalso等连词连接组等连词连接组成一个简单句,但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。成一个简单句,但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。Thebossis flyingtoParis.Hissecretaryis flyingtoParis. The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.Both the boss and his secretary are flying to P

475、aris.Thebossis flyingtoRome.Hissecretaryis not flyingtoRome.The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome.Thebossmay be flyingtoBerlin.Hissecretarymay be flyingtoBerlin.Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin.Thebossis not flyingtoYork.Hissecretaryisnt flyingtoYork.Neither the boss n

476、or his secretary is flying to York.主主语语、谓谓语语、宾宾语语的的合合并并两个简单句的宾语可由两个简单句的宾语可由and、bothand等连词连接组成等连词连接组成一个简单句。一个简单句。ImetJane.Imetherhusband.I met Jane and her husband.I met both Jane and her husband.Itwascold.Itwaswet.Itwascold and wet.IdidntmeetJane.Ididntmeetherhusband.Ididntmeet eitherJane orherhusba

477、nd.ImetneitherJanenor herhusband.两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。Wesang allnight.Wedancedallnight.Wesang and dancedallnight.主主语语、谓谓语语、宾宾语语的的合合并并并并列列句句需把几个意思连接在一起时,可用分号需把几个意思连接在一起时,可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词连接连接起来,这种结构即构成一个并列句。起来,这种结构即构成一个并列句。用分号:用分号:Wefishedallday;wedidntcatchath

478、ing.用分号,后跟一个连接副词:用分号,后跟一个连接副词:Wefishedallday;however,wedidntcatchathing.用并列连词(如用并列连词(如and、but、so、yet等等)Wefishedallday,but(we)didntcatchathing.并并列列句句常用并列连词常用并列连词coordinating conjunctions平行并列连词平行并列连词: 转折并列连词:转折并列连词:因果并列连词因果并列连词: 选择并列连词选择并列连词:and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernor,andthenbut,however,whi

479、le,yetfor,soor,eitheror,neithernor并并列列句句并列句的词序:并列句的词序:并列句基本上保留了简单句并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序。的词序。主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语连词连词主语主语动词动词表语表语Jimmyfelloffhisbikebut(he)wasnthurt.五种简单句型可用五种简单句型可用并列连词并列连词连接起来组成并列句。连接起来组成并列句。主主谓谓状(方式)状(方式)连连主主谓谓表表Frankworkedhardand(he)becameanarchitect.主主谓谓宾宾连连主主谓谓地点地点Ivegotacold,soImgoingtobed.主

480、主谓谓宾宾宾补宾补连连主主谓谓宾宾Theymadehimchairman,but(they)didntincreasehissalary.Exercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。Hewastired,sohewenttobed.1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.2.Thechildhidbehindhismothersskirt.Hewasafraidofthedog.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.Hemadeapromise,butHedidntkeepit.T

481、hechildhidbehindhismothersskirt,forhewasafraidofthedog.由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。主句是一个完整的句子主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个它必须和一个主句连用,不能独立存在。主句连用,不能独立存在。复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起构成在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要,其中一个句

482、子由同等重要,其中一个句子由从属连词从属连词引引导(从句),用以修饰另一句子(主句)。导(从句),用以修饰另一句子(主句)。 复合句复合句 = 主句主句 + 从句从句复复合合句句复合句是在简单句的基础上,通过从属连词将两个或两个复合句是在简单句的基础上,通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句:句:1.主语从句主语从句2.宾语从句宾语从句3.表语从句表语从句4.定语从句定语从句5.状语从句状语从句6.同位语从句

483、同位语从句英文写作中最常使用的从句英文写作中最常使用的从句1.宾语从句宾语从句2.状语从句状语从句3.定语从句定语从句复合句与简单句:复合句复合句与简单句:复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句Hetoldmethenews.thatthematchhadbeencancelled.宾语宾语howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycar.thatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycarandthatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.whenhew

484、asleavingforParis.thathisfatherwasworkinginthatschool.宾语从句宾语从句复合句与简单句:复合句复合句与简单句:复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句Idontknow him.Hehasfinishedhisworkthathehasfinishedhiswork.whetherhehasfinishedhiswork.宾语从句宾语从句HeisleavingforWashington.thatheisleavingforWashington.whenheisleavingforWashington.whyheisleavingf

485、orWashington.howheisleavingforWashington.whetherheisleavingforWashington.复合句与简单句:复合句复合句与简单句:复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句thepeoplesurprisedThatWhathesaidwhathedid主语主语Thathedidntknowtheanswerintheroom.定语定语whoweresittingintheroom.whowerepresent.whosesonswereatwar.whohadsignedthecontract.复合句与简单句:复合句复合句与简单

486、句:复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句Thatisthefact.表表语语whatheneeds.whathegaveme.whyhewaslate.becausehewasill.whathashappened.复合句与简单句:复合句复合句与简单句:复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句Heworkedinthatfactorythreeyearsago.地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语wherehisfatherworkedinthatfactorywhereIlivedwhenhelivedthereHisfatherworkedthere.Ilivedt

487、here.Helivedtherethreeyearsago.复合句与简单句:复合句复合句与简单句:复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句Putthebookonthedesk.whereyoutookit.whereitwas.地点状语地点状语whereyoufoundit.Youcantcamphere.wheretherearealotoftrees.whereveryoulike.指出下列各从句的类型指出下列各从句的类型vIbelievethat everything is going on well.vShewasreadinganovelwhen I came in.

488、vSheisthegirlwho sings best in my class.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从定语从句句Practice用所给连词连接句子。用所给连词连接句子。Hehasfoundout.Shewaslate.(why)Hehasfoundoutwhyshewaslate.Istillremembertheday.IfirstwenttoYorkonthatday.(when)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttoYork.将各组句子连接为一个含有将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句状语从句的复合句。的复合句。PracticeHedidnt

489、comeyesterday.Hewasill.(原因原因)Hedidntcomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.Illgivethelettertohim.Iseehim.(时间时间)Itissuchabigbox.Nobodycanmoveit.(结果结果)Wellgotothegreatwall.Itsfinetomorrow.(条件条件)Weshouldnotgothereallthetime.Theplaceisquitepleasant.(让步)让步)Itissuchabigboxthatnobodycanmoveit.Wellgotothegreatwallifitsfinetomorrow.Althoughtheplaceisquitepleasant,weshouldnotgothereallthetime.IllgivethelettertohimwhenIseehim.IllgivethelettertohimassoonasIseehim.IllgivethelettertohimthemomentIseehim.T H E E N DT H E E N D

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