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1、高考常见的几种高考常见的几种 “结构结构”Multiple Choice 解题技巧一、独立主格结构一、独立主格结构 独立主格独立主格结构有一个独立的主格名构有一个独立的主格名词或代或代词(作作逻辑主主语)加上分加上分词(现在分在分词或或过去分去分词),形容形容词,副副词,介介词短短语或或不定式等构成不定式等构成.起状起状语作用作用,相当一个状相当一个状语从句从句.1._,they will go and visit the zoo. A. Weather permitting B. Weather permitted C. Weather being permitted D. Weather
2、having permitted (Shanghai 86) AIf the weather permits, they will go and visit the zoo.2.The meeting _over, we all left the room and drove home. (Shanghai 87) A. is B. to be C. being D. would be CAfter the meeting was over, we all left the room and drove home.独立主格独立主格结构构还有以下几种构成方式有以下几种构成方式(4种种)：1.名名
3、词（或主（或主语代代词）+过去分去分词He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.2.名名词（或主（或主语代代词）+形容形容词The weather (being) hot, we all went swimming.3.名名词（或主（或主语代代词）+介介词短短语Flag on shoulder, the soldiers rushed to the top of the building.4.名名词（或主（或主语代代词）+副副词The class (being) over, the students handed in their
4、 papers.PRACTICE1)_, we decided to go for an outing. A. Weather permitting B. Weather permitted C. If the weather is fine D. Weather being so fineDBecause the weather was fine, we decided to go for an outing.If the weather permits, we will decide to go for an outing.2)_, there is no school. A. It is
5、 Sunday B. It was Sunday C. It will be Sunday D. It being SundayDIt is Sunday, so there is no school.Because it is Sunday, there is no school.3)The experiment_, they left the laboratory. A. had been done B. was done C. having done D. doneDAfter the experiment was done (had been done), they left the
6、laboratory.4)The last bus _, we had to walk home. A. has gone B. had gone C. gone D. having goneDBecause the last bus had gone, we had to walk home.5)Night_, we started on our way home. A. setting in B. set in C. had set in D. has set inAWhen night had set in, we started on our way home.6)He was lyi
7、ng on the grass, his hands _ under his head. A. crossing B. crossed C. were crossing D. were crossedBHe was lying on the grass and his hands were crossed under his head.二二 、“WITH+复合宾语复合宾语”结构结构这是独立主格的一种是独立主格的一种变形形,也多作状也多作状语,表示伴随表示伴随,状状态,原因原因,条件等条件等.有有时还可作可作定定语.形式形式为：“with+名名词(或代或代词)+宾语补足足语”.1.The mur
8、derer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied MET 91D2.For miles around me there was nothing but a desert, without a single plant or tree _. A. in sight B. on earth C. at a distance D. in place (Shanghai 97)A在在该结构中，能作构中，能作宾补的除以上的的除以上的过去分去分
9、词和介和介词短短语外外,还有副有副词，形容，形容词，现在分在分词等。如：等。如：With the old man leading, the two started towards the mountains.The square looks more beautiful than ever with all the lights on.He went away without a word more spoken.PRACTICE1)With all the children _ at home during the holidays she has a great deal of work
10、to do. A. being B. were C. having been D. wasA2)_ all his friends and money gone, he felt totally hopeless. A. For B. Because of C. With D. But forCBecause of all his friends and money having gone, he felt totally hopeless.3)The young woman got on the bus, _. A. baby in an arm B. with a baby in her
11、arms C. with her baby in arm D. her baby in the armB= baby in arm三、动名词结构三、动名词结构 一个一个动名名词短短语前可以加上一个物主代前可以加上一个物主代词或名或名词所有格所有格,来表示来表示这个个动名名词的的逻辑上的主上的主语.这种种结构称构称为动名名词结构构.它通常用作主它通常用作主语,宾语,表表语.1.How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking (MET 93)C2.I can
12、 hardly imagine Peter_ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed (MET 91)C3.He has always insisted on his _ Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner. A. been called B. called C. having called D. being calledD4.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A. you to
13、call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling (NMET 92)C1.这一一结构构不不处于句首于句首,常常用人称代常常用人称代词宾格格,或名或名词普通格普通格,代替物主代代替物主代词和名和名词所有格所有格. I dont like them smoking. I remember mother telling us a story about a fox.2.如果如果动名名词的的逻辑主主语是是无生命无生命的的东西西,只用普通格只用普通格. Is there any hope of our team winning the game?3.当当
14、动名名词有一个以上的有一个以上的逻辑主主语,亦只用普通格亦只用普通格. He suggested Hanz and Paul going on a camping.1)The old mans_ pity on the snake led to his own death. A. take B. taking C. being D. haveB2)Tom insisted _ to the party. A. on me to come B. on my coming C. me to come D. me coming B3)_ doesnt necessarily mean my bein
15、g wrong. A. You are right B. You being right C. Your being right D. You to be rightC4)_ made the situation extremely hard for us. A. Li Ming had left B. Li Ming left C. Li Ming having left D. Li Mings having leftD5)What I worried about was _. A. they not having studied well B. they hadnt studied wel
16、l C. their not having studied well D. not their having studied wellC四四 、“疑问句疑问句+不定式不定式”结构结构 “疑疑问句句+不定式不定式”结构相当于一个名构相当于一个名词, 常用在常用在tell/advise/show/find out /decide/discuss/learn/forget 等等动词或介或介词后作后作宾语.1.Last summer I took a course on _. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made
17、 dressed D. how dresses to be made(MET 90)A2.There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind _ to buy. A. what B. which C. how D. where (NMET 92)B该结构亦可作主构亦可作主语,且常作且常作单数看待数看待.When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not d
18、ecided D. have not decided.Ahas not been decided1)The question _has been worrying him recently. A. where is to go B. where to go C. where to go to D. where was he to goBpractice2)We must work out a plan on _ with the rubbish as soon as possible. A. what to do B. what to deal C. how doing D. how deal
19、ingA3)I didnt know _ him or not. A. whether to help B. if to help C. to help D. if that I would helpA4)Do you know _ the repairs? A. to do B. how to do C. to make D. how to makeB5)_ this experiment is known to us. A. Who to do B. Whom to do C. How to do D. What to doC6)The question was _ to take the
20、 children to the theatre or to leave them at home. A. how B. however C. if D. whetherD五、插入语结构五、插入语结构 插入插入语一般一般仅对一句一句话作一些附加的解作一些附加的解释和和说明明,而与句而与句子的其他成分之子的其他成分之间没有没有语法上的关系法上的关系.常常见的插入的插入语结构有构有: I think / I hope / Im afraid / I believe / I suppose/ you see / you know / do you think / do you know.1.Whic
21、h do you think tastes _, the chicken or the fish? A. well B. good C. better D. best (MET 96)C2. We havent heard from Jane for a long time? - What do you suppose_ to her? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened (MET 91)C 此外一些不定式短此外一些不定式短语to tell you the truth; 现在分在分词短短语strict
22、ly speaking, judging from/by也可用作插入也可用作插入结构构.1)_ from this fact, he must be an honest man. A. Judging B. Judged C. Judges D. JudgeApracticeJudging from/by , Speaking of, Talking of , Frankly speaking.2)Generally speaking, the _ are respected by common people. A. learning B. learned C. learn D. being
23、learnBlearned 博学的博学的3) What do you think made Mary so upset? - _ her new bicycle? (Shanghai 97) A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losingCLosing her new bicycle made Mary so upset.六六 、“THERE BE”结构结构“There be+ 名名词词组(+状状语)”结构构1._ no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has alr
24、eady been settled. A. It has B. There has C. It is D. There is (Shanghai 91)D2._ a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of the work. A. It existed B. There existed C. They had D. There hadB“There be”结构有各种构有各种变体体There live/stand/come/lie/remain/exist.“There be”的的习惯用法用法There is no use/good/point/hurry.“There be”结构有其非构有其非谓语形式形式: He doesnt want there to be any work to do. He was pleased at there being some money left. There being nothing to do, they went out for a play.
