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1、专插本非谓语动词专插本非谓语动词公共邮箱：公共邮箱：zcbenglish 密码密码 english 非谓语动词非谓语动词定义：定义：非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。 非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的其他特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语等的其他特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语等 (一一).动词不定式做主语动词不定式做主语肯定式：（to）+ do，起到名词、形容词、副词的
2、作用。否定式：not +to do表示无时间性的事实或某次具体行动某次具体行动视为单数。但to do and to do视为复数。To study English is important. Not to study English is a pity.For him to study English is important.How to study English is also important. To see is to believe. To swim is interesting.To clean the room is your work tomorrow. 不可用cleani
3、ng. 一一. 动词不定式和动名词的主要功能动词不定式和动名词的主要功能 动名词做主语：动名词做主语：肯定式：动词原形+ing否定式：not+动词原形+ing1)做主语做主语表示无时间性的事实或经常性经常性的行为，视为单数。但doing.and doing视为复数。Studying English is important. Not studying English is a pity.His studying English is important.Seeing is believing. Swimming is interesting.Teaching English is my wor
4、k all the year around.不用to teach , talking with friendly people, and having Friday off these are just some things I like about college. 2007 26A. Studied by myself B In personC. On my ownD. Being on my own不定式表达的是：不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的动名词表达的是：动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的不定式与动名词区别不定式与动名词区别 2）
5、There be no doing 结构：结构：There is no ( telling, knowing, saying, joking, denying.)There is no joking about itThere is no telling about itThere is no denying the fact此事无可置否Once he starts talking about ancient China, . 2013-28A.there is no stopping of him B.he is not stopped C.there is no stopping him
6、D.it is no stopping him不定式短语做主语时，往往用不定式短语做主语时，往往用it做形式主语，而把真正的主做形式主语，而把真正的主语语不定式置后：不定式置后：1）It is +adj+to do(not to do) . 如有逻辑主语用for.It is important to study English.2) It is +n+ to do (not to do) 如有逻辑主语用forIt is a waste to play online game.3) It is +adj(人的品格人的品格)+of sb+to do.It is very kind of you t
7、o give me the book.注意：注意：不定式在疑问句或感叹句中做主语时，必须用it做形式主语。Is it difficult to learn English?What a pity it is to reject his help!The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable .(2004-43)A to sitB to sit onC to be satD to be sat on动名词做主语时，在某些结构中，也可用it做形式主语，而把真正的主语动名词置后。 It is no use +doin
8、g. It is no good+ doing.这两个句型都不能用 to doIt is no use buying the bookIt is no good buying the bookIt is no use your buying the book.名词或物主代词 his, Mr Greens(二二). 不定式做宾语不定式做宾语1)有些及物动词常用不定式做宾语：decide, wish, hope, want, ask, need, expect, agree, refuse, prepare, choose, hateI decided to buy the book.I deci
9、de whether (how, which,what)to buy the book.2)know(consider)+疑问词+to do.I know how to solve the problem.3) help(to)doI can help( to) clean the house. .动名词做宾语动名词做宾语:1) 以下及物动词常用动名词做宾语，不能用不定式做宾语。finish, enjoy, cant help, avoid, mind, deny, consider, permit, allow,suggest , feel like,practise 等。I enjoy s
10、eeing you and talking about life.2）Would you mind+doingWould you mind opening the window.3) need(requaire, want)+doing=+to be done(不用不用want to be done)Your shirt needs washing.Your shirt needs need to be washed.4. He stopped _ last week and feels much better now. 2006 A. smoking B. smoked C. smokes
11、D. smoke 3. I remembered the door before I left the house.2008A. lockingB. lockC. to lockD. lockedJohn suggested anything about it until they found out more facts. 2011-23A not to sayB. not sayC to say notD not saying 动名词做介词宾语动名词做介词宾语: 动名词也可以做介词的宾语，构成介词短语，在句中做定定语，状语或表语语，状语或表语。On arriving in Beijing,
12、 he was ill. 动作必须是主语动作必须是主语he 发出的发出的。He left without saying a word. Mans dream of flying in space has come true.Catherine has never dreamed of abroad. 2012- 26. A. having sent B. to be sent C. being sent D. to send .(三三).不定式做宾补不定式做宾补: 及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+to do(not to do)1)有些及物动词的宾语后面后常有不定式做宾语补足语，构成复合宾语，这样
13、表达意义才能完整。2) advise, allow, permit, ask, tell, beg, request, require, believe, cause, want, consider, suppose, persuade, wish(希望，不可用hope代替)I told him to smoke outside.I wish him to buy the book. (不可改为被动语态)2）help+宾语+(to) do; (not to )do (不能改为被动语态)I help him to pass the exam.小贴士：动名词小贴士：动名词 一般不做宾补，但现在分词
14、可以做宾语。一般不做宾补，但现在分词可以做宾语。 44. We still have many problems before we can produce atomic cars. 2004A.overcomingB. having overcomeC. to overcomeD.To have overcomeMrs Brown is supposed for Italy last week. 2010-29A to have leftB to be leavingC to leaveD to have been left3）使役动词：make have, let. 感觉动词：see, h
15、ear, watch, notice, feel, observe +宾语+不带to 的不定式，表示此动作已做过。I made him clean the room.在主动句中不带to ,在被动句中带to.4) 下列动词只能用主动语态下列动词只能用主动语态wish, help, have, let, want, like, get(使得), preferI let him come to see me.5) say ,report 只能用被动语态只能用被动语态Sb, sth+ be said +to doHe is said to have passed the exam.(四四). 不定式做
16、表语不定式做表语:1)主语的内容主语的内容=to do.的内容的内容His attempt is to attract her eyes.To live is to do something worthwhile. 2）主语的内容不等于）主语的内容不等于to do 的内容的内容We are to build a bridge here. 小贴士：小贴士：be to do sth: 表示将要做什么，应该要做什么。动名词做表语：动名词做表语：表示无时间性的事实或经常性的行为，而且是主语的内容1）表示无时间性的事实Seeing is believing2) 表示经常性的行为My work is te
17、aching English in this university at present.(五五). 不定式做定语不定式做定语:1)不定式做定语时必须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后不定式做定语时必须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后2)I am the only one to look after my son.3)2)不定式常用来修饰表示抽象概念的名词不定式常用来修饰表示抽象概念的名词4)way, chance, attempt, courage, motive, decision, idea, aim. confidence, ability5)I know the way to solve the
18、problem.6)例外：7)I have difficulty( in) solving the problem.8)I have a lot of trouble( in) controlling the situation.9)I have much experience in(of) teaching English.27. Do you think theres anything _ of in having no money? 2006A. ashamed B. ashaming C. being ashamed D. to be ashamed 动名词做定语动名词做定语:1）做定
19、语的名词与被修饰词共同构成一个名词）做定语的名词与被修饰词共同构成一个名词swimming pool, booking office, reading-room, drinking water2) 动名词之前可加名词，表示动作的对象动名词之前可加名词，表示动作的对象Food packaging material 食品包装材料Oil feeding system 供油系统3）动名词之前可加名词，表示行为方式）动名词之前可加名词，表示行为方式Hand booking office 手工售票处(六六). 不定式做状语不定式做状语: （动名词不做状语（动名词不做状语)1）不定式做目的状语）不定式做目的
20、状语 , 既可放句首，也可放句中。既可放句首，也可放句中。带目的状语的句子，其主语应是人，或隐含着某人的目的。He studies hard to pass the exam.To pass the exam, he studied hard.2)In order to do3) in order not to do 可句首，句中4)He studies hard in order to pass the exam.5)so as to do so.as to do只放句中只放句中6)He studies hard so as to pass the exam. the project, we
21、ll have to work two more weeks. 2012-22A CompletingB. CompleteC. Having completedD. To complete3) 不定式做结果状语不定式做结果状语人们希望会产生或必然的结果Wood burns in air to form CO2He is so lazy as not to pass the exam.表示事与愿违的结果： only to doHe spoke much only to show his ignorance.4) 不定式做原因状语不定式做原因状语We shall be very happy to
22、 meet each other again.(七七). 不定式做主语补足语不定式做主语补足语:上述带有宾语及宾语补足语结构的动词，变为被动语态时，原宾语变为主语，原宾语补足语变为主语补足语。不定式做主语补足语时，即使在使役动词或感官动词如have ,make, hear,see等动词后， 不定式的to 也不能省略。He was asked to make a speech at the meeting.Someone was heard to come up the stairs. 二二.不定式的时态不定式的时态 1. 不定式的一般式不定式的一般式to +动词原形, 表示动作与谓语动词的动作
23、是同时发生或是在其后发生。She was seen to enter the hall.（be seen与to enter两个动作同时发生）I have some news to tell you . （to tell动作发生在have之后）2）不定式的进行式）不定式的进行式To be+现在分词，表示动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生的，而且正在进行。They seem to be getting along quite well.he wants to be dressing.3) 不定式的完成式不定式的完成式to have +过去分词，表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。I am sorry t
24、o have kept you waiting.She seems to have read the book before.A Dream of the Red Mansion is said intodozens of languages in the last decade.2011-30A.to translateB.B. to have translatedC.C. to be translatedD.D. to have been translated当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式（to be+ 过去分词）It is an honor fo
25、r me to give a lecture here. 逻辑主语 me,是动作的发出者Let me show you the room to be used as our language lab. 逻辑主语the room.是动作的承受者三三.不定式的被动语态不定式的被动语态四四. 动名词的时态动名词的时态1）动名词的一般式）动名词的一般式动词原形+-ing, 表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生。My son like reading picture-story books. Like 与reading 同时发生I am thinking of calling my m
26、other. calling 发生在thinking 以后2）动名词的完成式）动名词的完成式Having+过去分词，表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。I regret not having asked her qq number. 当动名词的逻辑主语（可以根据修饰动名词的物主代词或名词的所有格判断）是动名词动作的对象或承受者时，动名词一般 要用被动形式（being+过去分词/ having been+过去分词）After having been interviewed, she was offered the job.I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.注意： 在表示 需要 的动词need, require和want 后，做其宾语的主动语态的动名词常表示被动意义。五五. 动名词的被动语态动名词的被动语态结束结束
