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1、数量增减的翻译一、数字增减的译法:1.句式特征:by名词比较级thanThewireisbythreeincheslongerthanthatone.这根导线比那根长3英寸。2.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词to+n.译为:增加到。或减少到。Metalcuttingmachineshavebeendecreasedto50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。数量增减的翻译二、百分数增减的表示法与译法二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.表示增减意义的动词Theoutputvaluehasincreased35%.产值增加了352.表示增减意义的动词byRetailsalsesshouldriseby8%。商
2、品零售额应增加3Theprimecostdecreasedby60%.主要成本减少603.表示减少意义的动词to+%表示减少后剩余的数量Byusingthisnew-processthelossofmetalwasreducedto20%.采用这种新工艺,铁的损失量减少到20数量增减的翻译4.比较级than表示净增减的数量Retailsalesareexpectedtobeninepercenthigherthanlastyear.今年零售额与去年相比,有望增加9。5.比较级名词表示净减数Thenew-typemachinewasted10percentenergysupplied.新型机械能
3、耗量净减106.a+%+increase表示净增数Thereisa20%increaseofsteelascomparedwithlastyear.与去年相比,今年钢产量净增207.+(of)名词(代词)表示净减数,数字n照译Theproductioncostisabout60percentthatoflastyear.今年产值仅为去年的608.%upon或over表示净增数Thegrainoutputoflastyearinthisprovincewas20%percentuponthatof1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20数量增减的翻译三、英语倍数句型及其译法三、英语倍数句型及其
4、译法英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有一些(如下文中的句型、(12)等,见圈码)很容易译错其主要原因在于:英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。倍数增加(一)Aisntimesasgreat(long,much,)asB.()Aisntimesgreater(longer,more,)thanB.()Aisntimesthesize(length,amount,)ofB.()以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,)是B的n倍或A比B大(长,多,)n-1倍.Eg.Thisbookisthreetimesaslongas(threetimeslongerthan,thr
5、eetimesthelengthof)thatone.这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。数量增减的翻译(二)increasetontimes()increasentimesn-fold()increasebyntimes()increasebyafactorofn()以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。Eg.Theproductionofintegratedcircuitshasbeenincreasedtothreetimesascomparedwithlastyear.集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。Eg.T
6、heoutputofchemicalfertilizerhasbeenraisedfivetimesasagainstl986化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。数量增减的翻译Eg.Thatcanincreasemetabolicratesbytwoorthreetimes.那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。Eg.Thedrainvoltagehasbeenincreasedbyafactoroffour.漏电压增加了3倍(即增加到原来的4倍)。注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/stepup,multiply等词所替代。数量增减的翻译倍数减少(一
7、)Aisntimesassmall(light,slow,)asB.(12)Aisntimessmaller(lighter,slower,)thanB.(13)以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,)是B的1/n或A比B小(轻,慢,)(n-1)/n。Eg.Thehydrogenatomisnear1yl6timesaslightastheoxygenatom.氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。Eg.Thissortofmembraneistwicethinnerthanordinarypaper.这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。注:当相比的
8、对象B很明显时,than/asB常被省去。数量增减的翻译(二)decreasentimes/n-fold(14)decreasebyntimes(15)decreasebyafactorofn(16)以上三式均译为:减少到1/n或:减少(n-1)/n。decrease常被reduce,shorten,goslowdown等词替代。Eg.Switchingtimeofthenew-typetransistorisshortened3times.新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。Eg.Whenthevoltageissteppedupbytentimesthestrengthof
9、thecurrentissteppeddownbytentimes.电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90)。数量增减的翻译(三)Thereisan-folddecrease/reduction应译为:减至1/n或:减少(n一1)/n。(17)这个句型还有其它一些形式,Eg.Arapiddecreasebyafactorof7wasobserved发现迅速减少到1/7。Eg.Theprincipaladvantageoftheproductsisatwo-foldreductioninweight.这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。将下列句子译成英语1速度等于距离与时间之比。速度等于
10、距离与时间之比。2本文对其性能做了初步的分析。本文对其性能做了初步的分析。3该电阻器上的电压为总电压的该电阻器上的电压为总电压的3/54这个系数比那个小这个系数比那个小10倍倍5这里使用了两种方法的结合来设计共发放大这里使用了两种方法的结合来设计共发放大气(气(common-emitter amplifier)6在这种情况下,每个部件底部的压力是相同在这种情况下,每个部件底部的压力是相同的,所以该系统处于平衡状态。的,所以该系统处于平衡状态。线图:line/curvechartn极值:峰值:peak(v.&n.),summit(v.&n.),highestpoint谷值:touchthebot
11、tom(v.),nadir(n.),lowestpointn稳定时期:plateau(n.高原),lowerstationaryphase(低稳时期)nApossibleanswer:(Band6.5)Accordingtothecurvechart,dailyelectricityneedishigherinwinter(38,000unitsonaverage)thaninsummer(18,000unitsonaverage).Inwinter,electricityconsumptionpeaksat2:00amand10:00pmwhileittouchesthebottomat0:
12、00amand8:00am.Ontheotherhand,insummer,itsummitsat2:00pmand11:00pm,buthasanadirat9:00amandalowerstationaryphasefrom4:00pmto9:00pm.1Speedisequaltotheratioofdistancetotime.2Aninitialanalysisofitsperformancehasbeenmadeinthispaper.3Thevoltageacrossthisresistoristhree-fifths(of)thetotalvoltage.4Thiscoeffi
13、cientisafactorof11timeslessthanthatone.5Hereacombinationofthetwomethodsisusedtodesignacommon-emitteramplifier.6Inthiscase,thepressureatthebottomofeachcomponentisthesame,sothesystemisinbalance.图形作文n按照图形的种类(柱、线、饼、表和流程图)进行分类讲解,线图时侧重数据的动态变化描述,饼图时可能需要重点讲解百分比表达,表格数据较多时可能需要讲到数据分类的思路等。另一种方式是按照数据的体现形式(横比、纵比、
14、百分比)进行思路和语言的总结。n图:chart,graph,diagramn线:line/curvechartn柱图:bar/columngraphn饼:piediagramn表:table/statistics/figuresThebargraphdemonstratesthatthemostUKvisitorswenttoFranceandSpain,whichwere11.0and9.5million.Also,manyBritishtravelerswereattractedbytheUSA(4.0million),Greece(3.5million)andTurkey(2.0mill
15、ion).n复杂柱图:bar/columngraph复杂柱图:bar/columngraphn90%ofthosewhoheldaskilledvocationaldiplomaweremen,comparedwithonly10%ofwomen.Morewomenheldundergraduatediplomas(70%)andmarginallymorewomenreacheddegreelevel(55%).Menwithpostgraduatediplomasclearlyoutnumberedtheirfemalecounterparts(70%and30%respectively)
16、饼图:piediagramn“占”:OccupyBesharedbyAccountforBeresponsibleforBeinchargeofBeinthechargeof百分比:Asmallpercentageof(X%)AquarterofTheminorityof(X%)(小部分)HalfofThemajorityof(X%)Mostof(X%)One-fifthofApossibleanswer:(Band6.5)饼图:piediagramnThepiegraphdemonstratesthatheatingroomsandwateroccupiesthemajorityofelec
17、tricityconsumption(52.5%).Then,17.5%oftheelectricitydemandissharedbyovens,kettlesandwashingmachines.Lighting,TV,radioandvacuumcleaners,foodmixers,electrictoolsareresponsiblefortherest,with15%each.表格:table/statistics/figures表格:table/statistics/figuresn数字引入:图表引用数字的三种主要方法分词短语:Onaverage,11%ofallhousehol
18、ds,comprisingalmo-sttwomillionpeople,wereinthisposition.n括号:Couplesgenerallytendedtobebetteroff,withlowerpovertylevelsforcoupleswithoutchildren(7%)thanthosewithchildren(12%).表格:table/statistics/figuresn介词短语:However,thoseconsistingofonlyoneparentorasingleadulthadalmostdoublethisproportionofpoorpeople,with21%and19%respectively.词数填充Wordfiller:这些表达没有实际意义,考试的时候可以填充词数。ItisnoticeablethatItiseasytoseethatItisobviousthat常用句型常用句型:nItisassumedthat:人们认为nItissaidthat:据说nItislearnedthat:据闻nItissupposedthat:据推测nItisconsideredthat:据估计nratherthan:而不是nnottomention:更不用说nletalone:更不用说