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1、UNIT22 ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION典句欣赏理解诱思【文章导语】由于气候、环境等多种因素的影响,很多动物濒临灭绝。我们应该如何拯救它们呢?典句欣赏理解诱思Ananimalspeciesbecomesextinctwhenitfailstoproduceenoughyoungineachgenerationtokeeppacewiththedeath-rate.Wecantellfromfossilevidenceinrocksthatmanylivingspecieshavebecomeextinctoverthemillionsofyearssincelifebega
2、n.Itisanaturalprocessandextinctionisthefateofanyanimalthathasspecializedtoofartochangewhenitsenvironmentchanges,orhastocompetewithabetter-adaptedandmorepowerfulanimal.Becauseofremarkabletechnicaldevelopmentsduringthepastfewcenturies,manhasdestroyedornearlydestroyedsomespeciesbykillingthematsucharate
3、thattheycouldntproduceenoughoffspring,orbycompletelychangingtheirnaturalenvironmentatsurprisingspeed.典句欣赏理解诱思AnumberofexamplescanbegivenofthewayinwhichnaturalenvironmentsarebeingrapidlychangedAmazonia,forinstance.Thereiseverylikelihoodthatmanyspeciesofanimalswillbemadeextinctbecauseoftheseandsimilar
4、clearancesofnaturalvegetation.Largenumbersofanimalshavebeenhuntedandkilledforfood.TheNorthAmericanbuffaloisacaseofthenear-extinctionofaspeciesthroughhunting.Oftenthenumbersaresogreatthatthehuntersmaynotrealizethedanger.Butevenwhenthedangeriswidelypublicized,thefinancialrewardsforthehuntersmaybesogre
5、atthattheychoosetoignorethethreattothespecies.Attitudeslikethishaveledtohunterskillinganimalsforfurs,forivoryormerelyforornaments.典句欣赏理解诱思Aslightvariationonthisiswhentouristshuntanimalsfortrophies.Magnificentcreaturessuchaslionsandtigershavebeenhuntedoutofexistenceinsomepartsoftheworld.Itisimportant
6、torealize,though,thatanimalsaresometimeskilledoutoffear.Bigcatsarekilledinthisway.Andanimalsaresometimeskilledoutofawishtoreducenumberstohelpthespeciestosurvive.典句欣赏理解诱思Manypeopleareconcernedaboutanimalsandwildlifeconservation.Onewaytopreservespeciesunderthreatofextinctionwhateverthecauseistoremovet
7、hemtozoosandparksandbreedthemthere.Thereisalwaysthechancethatenoughoffspringwillbeborntoreturnthemonedaytotheirnaturalenvironmentprovideditstillexists,andthathuntersdontkillthemagain!Anothermethodistoprotecttheanimalsintheirnaturalenvironmentbycreatingwildlifereservesandparksandusinggamewardenstoloo
8、kafterthem.典句欣赏理解诱思译文当一种动物不能在每一代都繁殖出足够的后代而与其死亡率相平衡时,它就会逐渐灭绝了。我们可从岩石里的化石遗留下的证据中得出结论:自生命开始数百万年以来,许多物种已经灭绝了。这是一个很自然的演化过程,任何一种过于特殊化而不能随环境改变而改变的动物,或者任何一种与适应性更强、更强大的动物来竞争的动物,灭绝都是其必然的命运。由于近几个世纪技术的迅猛发展,人类大量捕杀动物以致其繁殖不出足够多的后代,或者以惊人的速度改变它们生存的自然环境,结果一些动物已经被毁灭或几乎被毁灭了。典句欣赏理解诱思很多例子都可以说明自然环境是如何迅速被改变的,亚马孙国家森林公园就是一个例
9、子。许多种动物将很有可能由于自然植物在这些或类似的地方被砍伐殆尽而濒临灭绝。大量的动物被捕杀用作食物。北美野牛就是一个因捕猎而近乎灭绝的例子。动物的数量常常很大,因而捕猎者可能意识不到它们存在灭绝的危险。但即使这种危险被广而告之,捕猎者会受巨大经济利益的驱使而无视捕猎给动物带来的威胁。这种思想使猎人为获取动物毛皮、象牙或仅仅为了做一些装饰品而捕杀动物。与此略有不同的是旅行者为了留个纪念而追杀动物。狮子、老虎之类的大型动物在世界一些地方已被杀光。但有时人捕杀动物是由于害怕动物,认识到这一点非常重要。大型的猫科动物就是这样被捕杀的。有时为了帮助动物生存要捕杀一些以减少其数量。典句欣赏理解诱思许多人
10、关心动物及野生动物的保护。不管动物濒危的原因是什么,保护方法之一就是把它们迁移到动物园和公园,在那儿饲养它们。等它们繁殖出足够数量的后代以后,完全有可能在将来的某一天放它们回归自然,其条件是它们还存活而且猎人不再捕杀它们。另一种方法是在动物生存的自然环境里创建野生动植物保护区和野生动植物园,由管理人员负责看护这些动物。典句欣赏理解诱思Wecantellfromfossilevidenceinrocksthatmanylivingspecieshavebecomeextinctoverthemillionsofyearssincelifebegan.我们可从岩石里的化石遗留下的证据中得出结论:自
11、生命开始数百万年以来,许多物种已经灭绝了。Thereisalwaysthechancethatenoughoffspringwillbeborntoreturnthemonedaytotheirnaturalenvironmentprovideditstillexists,andthathuntersdontkillthemagain!等它们繁殖出足够数量的后代以后,完全有可能在将来的某一天放它们回归自然,其条件是它们还存活而且猎人不再捕杀它们。典句欣赏理解诱思1.Theauthorwritesthispassagetotellus.A.allrareanimalsintheworldhave
12、beenindangerB.wecandonothingtoprotecttheanimalsC.wecandosomethingtosavesomeendangeredanimalsD.itisbecauseofglobalwarmingthatallanimalshavediedout答案:C2.Whatwillyoudotoprotecttheanimalsindanger?Why?答案:略SECTION WARM-UP & LESSON 1GLOBAL WARMING一二三四五六一、词义匹配AB()1.trapa.totreatthingsthathavealreadybeenused
13、sothattheycanbeusedagain()2.principleb.morethansth.()3.conservation c.closelyconnectedwiththesubjectyouarediscussingorthesituationyouarethinkingabout()4.beyondd.tokeepsb.inadangerousplaceorbadsituationthattheywanttogetoutofbutcannot()5.relevante.theprotectionofthenaturalenvironment()6.recyclef.amora
14、lruleorastrongbeliefthatinfluencesyouractions答案:1.d2.f3.e4.b5.c6.a一二三四五六二、猜词拼写1.tosaythatyouwillcausetrouble,hurtsb.,etc.ifyoudonotgetwhatyouwant2.tosupportsth.publicly3.togiveupsth.thatisimportantorvaluabletoyouinordertogetordosth.thatseemsmoreimportantforyourselforforanotherperson4.toforcesb.toacc
15、eptadifficultorunpleasantsituation5.thefactoftwothingshappeningatthesametimebychance,inasurprisingwaythreatenadvocatesacrificecondemncoincidence一二三四五六三、词汇拓展1.consultant的动词vt.咨询2.agriculture的形容词adj.农业的3.reservation的动词vt.保留consultagriculturalreserve一二三四五六四、单句填空1.Theteachertoldthelittlechildrenthatthee
16、arth(travel)aroundthesun.2.Heaskedhissonwhathe(do)whenhegraduatedfromcollege.3.Thepolicewarnedthevillagers(notcome)outatnightduringthatweek.4.Theyoungmandenied(steal)acomputerfromtheshop.5.Marysaidthatshe(get)upearlyeverymorningwhenshewasinthecountry.travelswoulddonottocomestealinggot一二三四五六五、阅读课文“Gl
17、obal Warming”,回答下列问题1.Whichisoneofthebiggestenvironmentalproblemsinthe21stcentury?A.Raisingsealevel.B.Globalwarming.C.Moreandmorefactories.D.Floodsanddroughts.2.Scientistsfoundthatthetemperatureiscontrolledby.A.thesunshineB.thegasfromtheEarthC.thegreenhousegasesD.theEarthsclimate3.Whatresultsinthein
18、creaseoftheglobalaveragetemperature?A.Humanactivities.B.Burningfuels.C.Plantingtrees.D.Bushfires.BCA一二三四五六4.Whichistheproperorderofthefollowingdisasters?A.globalwarmingfloodingislandsandcitiesraisingsealevelpolaricemeltingB.raisingsealevelglobalwarmingpolaricemeltingfloodingislandsandcitiesC.raising
19、sealevelpolaricemeltingglobalwarmingfloodingislandsandcitiesD.globalwarmingpolaricemeltingraisingsealevelfloodingislandsandcitiesD一二三四五六5.Whatisthemainideaforthelastparagraph?A.TheUSAshouldplayanimportantpartinreducingcarbondioxide.B.Everyoneshouldtryhisbesttosaveenergyandreducecarbondioxide.C.Wemus
20、tstudyhardandoftendoexperiments.D.Pupilsaresuggestedtoswitchoffthelightswhenleavingtheclassroom.B一二三四五六六、完成下面的课文缩写,特别注意动词的形式Canwetaketheheat?Inthelastfewdecades,scientists1.(report)thathumanbeingsarecausingchangesintheEarthsclimate,whichwasconsidered2.ourcontrol.Theyclaimthatinthelast50years,gasespu
21、mpedintotheEarthsatmospherebythefactoriesandvehicles3.(speed)uptheprocessofglobalwarmingandaffectingourclimate.Globalwarming,4.isseenasoneof5.(big)environmentalproblemsfacingthe21stcentury,isadangertoourlives.ThetemperatureoftheEarth6.(control)bygreenhousegases.Whenthe7.(present)ofthesegasesintheatm
22、osphereincreases,theEarthstemperaturerises.havereportedbeyondhavebeenspeedingwhichthebiggestiscontrolledpresence一二三四五六Overthelast100years,humanactivities8.(cause)globalwarming.Ifitcontinuestorise,humanbeings9.(suffer)severeconsequences.Howcanwestopthesedisastersfromhappening?Governmentsalloverthewor
23、ldhavearesponsibilitytoreducetheamountofcarbondioxide.Iflesscarbondioxidegoesintotheatmosphere,globalwarmingwillslowdown.Thereisnoeasytask,however,andsomegovernmentsexpressreservationsabout10.globalwarmingisreallycausedbyhumanactivities.Evensimplethingslikeusingrecycledpapercanhelp.Wecanmakesmallcha
24、nges,whichcanbeaddeduptosaveourfuture.Afterall,theresnosubstituteforourEarth.havecausedwillsufferwhether12345678910111213141.Because of the greenhouse effect,the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.(Page 5)因为有温室效应,被困在大气中的气体会使地球变暖。考点trap vt.使困住,使陷入困境;使陷入圈套n.圈套;计谋【高考典句】(2016北京高考)Teenage
25、rsclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.几个青少年爬上数层楼梯,把食物和水送给被困在停电的高楼里的老人们。Suddenly,theyoungmanfellintoatrapwhilewalkingintheforest.这个年轻人在森林里走着时突然掉进了陷阱里。1234567891011121314考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的意义Unfortunately,thetigerwascaughtinatrapthen.词组
26、becaughtinatrap意义陷入困境Iusedtofallintothetrapofputtingworkbeforefamily.词组fallintothetrapof.意义掉进陷阱InonesceneoftheTVseriesOdetoJoy,thefivegirlsweretrappedinalift.词性betrappedin意义被困在里Theytrappedthelittleboyintotellingthemtheexactplace.词组trapsb.intodoingsth.意义诱骗某人做某事1234567891011121314becaughtinatrap陷入困境fa
27、llintothetrapof.掉进陷阱betrappedin被困在里trapsb.intodoingsth.诱骗某人做某事123456789101112131412345678910111213141234567891011121314答案:(1)weretrappedin/intothemine(2)setatrap;trapanimals(3)wastrappedinto(4)Havingbeentrappedin/into(5)trappedundertheruins(6)trap;totrap;traps;aretrapped12345678910111213142.Brewerie
28、s are often built in nature reserves.(Page 5)啤酒厂经常建在自然保护区内。考点reserve n.保护区vt.保留;预定【高考典句】(2017江苏高考)Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves,Norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3ofwater.建立了九个这样的冰保护区,诺菲尔计算出,他储存了大约20万立方米的水。IhavereservedaroominthenameofMary.我已经以玛丽的名字预定了一个房间。1234567891011121314考点延伸阅读下列句子
29、,指出黑体词组的意义Themoneywasbeingkeptinreservefortheirretirement.词组inreserve意义备用Theyhavereservedtheseatfortheirimportantguest.词组reservesth.forsb.意义为某人预留某物Illcalltherestauranttomakeareservation.词组makeareservation意义预订WhenIgetintotrouble,healwayshelpsmewithoutreservation.词组withoutreservation意义毫无保留地12345678910
30、11121314inreserve备用reservesth.forsb.为某人预留某物makeareservation预订withoutreservation毫无保留地123456789101112131412345678910111213143.In the last few decades,scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earths climatesomething previously seen as beyond our contro
31、l.(Page 6)在过去的几十年里,科学家们一致认为,人们正在造成地球气候的变化这是一种先前被认为是超出我们控制能力的现象。考点beyond prep.超出adv.在更远处,另外【高考典句】(2016上海高考)Beyondacertainpoint,though,furtherstresswillonlyleadtoexhaustion,illnessandfinallyabreakdown.然而,超出了某种程度,更多的压力只会导致疲惫、疾病,并最终崩溃。Oursuccessisbeyondmycontrol.我们的成功远远超出了我的控制范围。1234567891011121314考点延伸阅
32、读下列句子,指出黑体词组的意义ItisbeyondmewhyshewantstomarryJack.词组beyondsb.意义使某人无法理解Itisbeyondmypowertohelpyouout.词组beyondonespower意义超出某人的能力Thehandlewasjustbeyondmyreach.词组beyondonesreach意义某人够不到Thecentreofthecityhaschangedbeyondrecognition.词组beyondrecognition意义认不出来1234567891011121314beyondsb.使某人无法理解beyondonespowe
33、r超出某人的能力beyondonesreach某人够不到beyondrecognition认不出来beyondbelief难以置信beyonddescription难以描述beyondexpression难以表达123456789101112131412345678910111213144.Looking ahead,scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing the 21st century.(Page 6)展望未来,科学家们认为全球变暖可能是
34、21世纪所面临的最大的环境问题之一。考点look ahead 展望未来Lookahead,andyouwillseeabrightfuture.向前看,你会看到光明的未来。Herideaistolookaheadandmakeagoodplan.她的想法是展望未来并制定一个好计划。1234567891011121314考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的意义Themanlookedaround,buthedidntseeanything.词组lookaround意义向四周看;环顾Youmustntlookdownuponthedisabledlivingthere.词组lookdownupon
35、意义看不起Thepolicemenarelookingintothecase.Justalittlepatience.词组lookinto意义调查Themanlookedthroughthenewspapersbutdidntfindthenews.词组lookthrough意义浏览1234567891011121314lookaround向四周看;环顾lookdownupon看不起lookinto调查lookthrough浏览123456789101112131412345678910111213145.But what exactly is global warming,why is it
36、 seen as a danger,and how is it relevant to our lives?(Page 6)但是,确切地说,什么是全球变暖?为什么把它视为一种危险?它如何与我们的生活相关呢?考点relevant adj.有关的【高考典句】(2016北京高考)Moreover,IcompletedtheseniorcourseofComputerBasics,plusfiverelevantpre-collegecourses.而且,我完成了计算机基础的高级课程,加上五门与大学预科相关的课程。Whatyousaidwasnotrelevanttothesubject.你说的话与这
37、个主题无关。1234567891011121314berelevantto.与相关1234567891011121314(4)Doyouhavetherelevantexperience?答案:(1)therelevantinformation(2)isdirectlyrelevantto(3)警察正在询问相关细节。(4)你有相关的经验吗?56123478910111213146.Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earths temperature that,in turn,leads to climate change.
38、(Page 6)全球变暖指的是地球温度平均升高,并由此导致气候发生变化。考点一refer to 指,意即Iknowwhoyouwerereferringtojustnow.我知道你刚才指的是谁。Asamatteroffact,Iwasntreferringtoherdaughter.实际上,我说的不是她的女儿。5612347891011121314考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体单词或词组的词性和意义Sheaskedhermothernottorefertotheyoungmanagain.词组referto意义提及Youmayrefertoyournoteswhileyouaregivinga
39、speech.词组referto意义查阅Thespeakerreferredtohimasafamousscientist.词组referto.as.意义把称作Hemadeseveralreferencestoherlatestbook.词性名词意义提到5612347891011121314referto指,意即;提及;查阅referto.as.把称作referencen.提到;查阅;参考5612347891011121314(4)他的发言是泛指一般情况,不是针对某一个人的。Hisstatementpeopleingeneral,nottoanyoneinparticular.56123478
40、91011121314答案:(1)referredto(2)forfuturereference(3)refertoas(4)refersto5612347891011121314考点二in turn 依次Increasedproductionwill,inturn,leadtoincreasedprofits.增加生产继而会增加利润。Theoryisbasedonpracticeandinturnservespractice.理论以实践为基础,反过来又服务于实践。考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的意义Theyoungmanwassad,forhissuggestionwasturneddo
41、wn.词组turndown意义拒绝Youmustturninyourpasswhenyouleavethebuilding.词组turnin意义上交Thebabyissleepingnow.Youdbetterturnoffyourradio.词组turnoff意义关闭5612347891011121314Itiseightoclocknow,butshehasntturnedup.词组turnup意义出现Ifyouturnover,youmightfinditeasiertogettosleep.词组turnover意义翻转Itwasadifficulttime,butthingsturne
42、doutallright.词组turnout意义结果Heofferedmealaptopinreturnformyhelp.词组inreturnfor意义作为对的报答5612347891011121314turndown拒绝turnin上交turnoff关闭turnup出现turnover翻转turnout结果inreturnfor作为对的报答5612347891011121314(2)Whatwillyoudoreturnforhiskindness?(3)Ifthedayturnswet,wemayhavetochangeourplans.(4)Theteacherasksustoturn
43、thenotebooksbyFriday.完成句子(5)他让她嫁给他,但是她拒绝了。Heaskedhertomarryhim,butshe.(6)我们约会6点见面,但是她没有露面。Weagreedtomeetatsixoclock,butshe.答案:(1)in(2)in(3)out(4)in(5)turneddown(6)didntturnup5612347891011121314考点三lead to引起;导致【高考典句】(2016北京高考)Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanleadtokidne
44、y(肾)failureanddeath.这会影响他们的神经系统和繁殖小鸟的能力,并能导致肾衰竭和死亡。Eatingtoomuchsugarcanleadtohealthproblems.吃太多的糖会导致健康问题。5612347891011121314考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的意义Whatwasitthatledthemantochangehismind?词组leadsb.todosth.意义导致某人做某事Thisisapathleadingtothatcottage.词组leadto意义通往Tom!Whatledyoutothisconclusion?词组leadsb.tosth.意
45、义导致某人5612347891011121314leadsb.todosth.导致某人做某事leadto通往leadsb.tosth.导致某人5612347891011121314(4)Hisstomachacheresultedfromhiseatingtoomuch.(5)这次事故造成10人死亡。5612347891011121314答案:(1)Hiscarelessnessledtohisfailure.(2)Theboyledustothisvillage.(3)我们坚定地认为,战争不能解决任何事情,只会导致暴力。(4)由于吃得太多,他胃疼。(5)Theaccidentledto/re
46、sultedin/broughtabout10deaths.67512348910111213147.Without these naturally occurring gases,the suns rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.(Page 6)要是没有这些自然产生的气体,太阳光线就会反射回太空中,使得地球寒冷,(人类)不可能在上面生存。考点(1)句中的without these naturally occurring gases是介词短语作状语,表示假设,相
47、当于含蓄虚拟条件,所以可改为if there were not these naturally occurring gases。除了without 外,介词短语but for,but that,in case of等以及表示转折意义的连接词otherwise,or等常用于表示含蓄条件。6751234891011121314【高考典句】(2017北京高考)Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.没有即时的治疗,帕里斯会死的。Withoutyourtimelyhelp,Icouldnthavefinishedtheworkontime.没有你的帮助,我是
48、不会按时完成这项工作的。Butforyourgoodadvice,wewouldhavefailedthistime.要不是你的好建议,我们这次就失败了。Iwasverybusythen,otherwiseIwouldhavehelpedyou.我当时太忙了,否则我就帮助你了。6751234891011121314(4)Withoutmusic,theworld(be)dull.(5)Butforhishelp,we(work)now.答案:(1)couldhavevisited(2)couldnthavegone(3)couldhaveput(4)wouldbe(5)couldntbewor
49、king78651234910111213148.Given this data,it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.(Page 6)考虑到这一数据,似乎人类活动与正在上升的全球温度之间的关联就不仅仅是一个巧合了。考点句中given表示“假如,考虑到,鉴于”,是介词而不是过去分词,后接名词;也可与that连用作连词,后接状语从句,意为“假如,考虑到,既然”。Givenhisyoungage,theboydidagood
50、job.鉴于年龄小,这个小男孩干得不错。Giventhattherewassolittletime,Ithinktheyvedoneagoodjob.考虑到时间紧,我认为他们已经做得不错了。7865123491011121314考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体单词或词组的意义Consideringthestrength,wedidwelltoscoretwogoals.意义考虑到Seeingthatitsraininghard,theceremonywillprobablybecancelled.意义鉴于;考虑到Supposing/Supposeyouwerefailinginthecoming
51、exam,whatshouldyoudo?意义万一Provided/Providingthathedoesntwanttogowithus,whatshallwedo?意义如果7865123491011121314consideringprep.考虑到;既然seeingthat.鉴于;考虑到provided/providing(that).如果;假设,在条件下suppose/supposing(that).假定;假设7865123491011121314完成句子(2)考虑到他的年龄,他已是相当活跃了。,hesremarkablyactive.(3)考虑到她对孩子很有兴趣,教书看来是很适合她的工
52、作。inchildren,teachingseemstherightjobforher.答案:(1)ConsideringGiventhat(2)Given/Consideringhisage(3)Given/Consideringherinterest89765123410111213149.A temperature increase of 1F may not sound like a lot,but if we continue to produce carbon dioxide and other gases in such huge quantities,we are condem
53、ning life on Earth and should expect severe consequences.(Page 6)气温升高1华氏度听起来无所谓,但是如果我们继续制造这么多的二氧化碳和其他气体,我们将毁灭地球上的生命,后果将非常严重。考点condemn vt.迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地Thejudgecondemnedthedrugdealertodeath.法官判这名毒贩死刑。Themeatwascondemnedasunfittoeat.这种肉被宣告不宜食用。8976512341011121314考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的意义Weallcondemnhimforhi
54、sconduct.词组condemnsb.forsth.意义因为某事而谴责某人Theaccidentcondemnedhimtoalifeinthewheelchair.词组condemnsb.tosth.意义使某人注定Lackofeducationcondemnedtheboytoliveapoorlife.词组condemnsb.todosth.意义使某人注定做某事8976512341011121314condemnsb.todeath判处某人死刑condemnsb.forsth.因为某事而谴责某人condemnsb.tosth.使某人注定condemnsb.todosth.使某人注定做某
55、事8976512341011121314(2)Theywerecondemnedtoalifeofhardship.完成句子(3)她因遗弃孩子而受到谴责。Sheabandoningherchild.(4)她那糟糕的英语迫使她一辈子生活在贫民区。HerterribleEnglishliveintheslumstotheendofherdays.答案:(1)Theprisonerwascondemnedtodeath.(2)他们不得不过着艰难的生活。(3)wascondemnedfor(4)condemnedherto910876512341112131410.Increased temperat
56、ures will also cause the polar ice to melt,raising sea levels and flooding many islands and cities.(Page 6)温度升高还会引起极地冰山融化,海平面上升,从而淹没很多岛屿和城市。考点句中的raising sea levels and flooding many islands and cities作结果状语。Thestrongwindblewawaythegoodsoil,leavingonlysand.大风吹走了好土,只剩下沙子。Thechildfellover,strikinghishea
57、dagainstthedoor.那个小孩摔了一跤,头碰到门上了。9108765123411121314考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分所作状语的类型Beingill,shedidntgotoschooltoday.作用原因状语Turningright,youwillfindabiggarden.作用条件状语Walkinginthestreet,Isawasmalldogrunningafterabigcat.作用时间状语9108765123411121314Havingsaidthatshedidntdoagoodjob,IdontthinkIamablerthanher.作用让步状语易错辨
58、析动词-ing形式与动词不定式表示结果时是不同的,动词-ing形式常常表示自然而然的结果,而不定式表示意想不到的结果。如:Shehurriedtothestation,onlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.她匆忙赶到车站,却被告知火车已经离开了。动词-ing短语表示主动,可在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随和方式等。9108765123411121314910876512341112131491087651234111213149108765123411121314101198765123412131411.Many People believe that
59、 they are simply not prepared to sacrifice the amount of money they make from industry to save the Earth.(Page 6)许多人认为他们只是不愿意牺牲自己从工业中赚到的钱来拯救地球。考点sacrifice vt.&vi.牺牲,献出n.牺牲品;牺牲【高考典句】(2016江苏高考)Fromthatdayon,welearnedtogether,traveledtogether,andsacrificedtogether.从那天起,我们一起学习,一起旅行,一起做出奉献。10119876512341
60、21314【高考典句】(2016全国高考)Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.几乎每个祖父母都想和孙辈在一起,乐于作出牺牲,但是有时对此说不并经常走动会更明智一些。1011987651234121314考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的意义Shesacrificedeverythingforherchildren.词组sacrifice.for.意义为而
61、牺牲Theoldmansacrificedhisfreetimetoearnmoremoney.词组sacrifice.todosth.意义牺牲而做某事Thegirlmadesacrificestogetaneducation.词组makesacrificestodosth.意义为做某事而作出牺牲sacrifice.for.为而牺牲sacrifice.todosth.牺牲而做某事makesacrificestodosth.为做某事而作出牺牲101198765123412131410119876512341213141011987651234121314111210987651234131412
62、.After all,theres no substitute for our Earth.(Page 6)毕竟,我们的地球是不可替代的。考点substitute n.代用品;代替品vt.用替代/顶替【高考典句】(2016全国高考)Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“135520135.”如果我们用一个数字代替每个字母,信息“见我”就会读成“135520135.”【高考典句】(2017全国高考)Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,s
63、inceitsallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.不幸的是,你必须随身携带这些必要的设备,因为它们都无法找到自然的替代品。1112109876512341314substituteAforB=substituteBwithA用A代替B121311109876512341413.Why dont you drop in tonight ahead of your meeting?(Page 7)你为何不在今晚会议之前来访呢?考点ahead of 在前面【高考典句】(2016全国高考)Damagedbutnotdefeated,hewasstillah
64、eadofme.受伤了但是没有被打倒,他仍旧是领先于我的。Wemightfinishtheworkaheadoftime.我们也许能提前完成这个工作。1213111098765123414131412111098765123414.Grammar转述结构引述别人的话时,一般采用两种方式:一是引用别人的原话,把它放在引号内,称为直接引语;二是用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内,称为间接引语,也称为转述。(一)下面一些动词可用于转述某人所说的话。1.insist,complain,add,admit,agree,announcebelieve,claim,declare,explain,d
65、eny,remind,suggest,warn.+that从句例句:Hecomplainedthattheexamwastoohard.他抱怨考试太难了。Headdedthattheywouldreturnaweeklater.他接着说,他们一周后会回来。13141211109876512342.warn,remind.+sb.+that从句例句:Thewhistlewarnedvisitorsthattheshipwasreadytosail.汽笛声提醒旅客轮船即将起航。PleaseremindmethatImustcallherupbeforenine.请提醒我一下,我得九点前给她打个电话
66、。3.advise,beg,order,promise.+sb.+todosth.例句:Theteacheradvisedmetodomoreexercises.老师建议我多做练习。Ibeggedhernottogo,butshedidnotlistentome.我恳求她不要去,但是她不听我的。Hehaspromisedhisteachertobehavebetter.他答应老师要表现得更好一些。13141211109876512344.agree,offer,refuse,threaten.+todosth.例句:Heagreedtogotoschoolearlier.他同意早一点去学校。H
67、eofferedtohelpmewithmyEnglish.他主动提出要帮助我学习英语。5.admit,deny,suggest.+doing例句:Theydidntadmitsmokinginthemeetingroom.他们不承认在会议室吸烟了。Hedeniedstealingabook.他否认偷了一本书。6.inquire,ask.+whether/if等从句Sheinquiredwhethermymotherwaswell.她问起我母亲是否康复。13141211109876512347.accuseof,succeedin.+(doing)sth.Thepoliceaccusedhim
68、ofmurder.警方指控他谋杀。1314121110987651234(二)直接引语变为转述句变化规律1.直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that引导。例如:Shesaid,“Iamveryhappytohelpyou.”Shesaidthatshewasveryhappytohelpyou.2.直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句,变成间接引语时,由连词whether或if引导。例如:Heaskedme,“Doyoulikeplayingfootball?”Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingfootball.温馨提示大多数情况下,if和whether可以
69、互换,但后有ornot,或在动词不定式前,或放在介词后做连接词时,一般只用whether。Sheaskedmewhethershecoulddoitornot.Hehesitatedaboutwhethertodriveortakethetrain.13141211109876512343.直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的疑问词如who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引导。Mysisteraskedme,“Howdoyoulikethefilm?”MysisteraskedmehowIlikedthefilm.4.直接引语是祈使句,变成间接引语时,把
70、动词原形变成动词不定式,并在动词不定式前加tell,ask,order等的宾语。Thecaptainordered,“Bequiet.”Thecaptainorderedustobequiet.温馨提示此种情况的否定句,在动词不定式前加not。Myteachersaid,“Dontlaugh.”Myteachertoldusnottolaugh.1314121110987651234联想拓展(1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等,变成间接引语时,时态不变。Theytoldtheirson,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”Theytoldtheirsonthattheearth
71、goesroundthesun.(2)直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。如this/thesethat/those,nowthen,todaythatday,yesterdaythedaybefore,lastyeartheyearbefore,agobefore,herethere等。Hesaid,“Ihaventseenhertoday.”Hesaidthathehadntseenherthatday.温馨提示如果转述时就在原来的地方,就在说话的当天,就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。1314121110987651234(3)间接引语一般要用陈述
72、语序。HeaskedLucy,“Wheredidyougo?”HeaskedLucywhereshewent.Tomsaid,“Whatdoyouwant,Ann?”TomaskedAnnwhatshewanted.13141211109876512341314121110987651234131412111098765123413141211109876512341314121110987651234答案:(1)Iinsistedthatmyfathershouldgiveupsmokinganddrinking.(2)Hesaidthathemethertenyearsbefore.(3)
73、Theteacheradvisedthatthey(should)tryonemoretimeandseewhatwouldhappen.(4)Shetold/askedustocomeinandsitdown.(5)Heaskedif/whetherallofusboughtpresentsonChristmasDay.(6)needsneeded(7)hashad(8)agobefore(9)traveledtravels(10)willwould一二三四一、写作词汇检测用所学的单词或短语完成或翻译下列句子。1.trap(1)Themaninthebuildingwasfromalarge
74、company.(2)这个年轻人欺骗那个老人买了他的旧自行车。答案:(1)trapped(2)Theyoungmantrappedtheoldmanintobuyinghisoldbike.2.在前面(1)Look!Thegirlaheadtheotherrunnersismysister.(2)这个女孩在班里一直领先于别的同学。答案:(1)of(2)Thegirlisalwaysaheadofothersinherclass.一二三四3.展望未来(1)Theyounggirloftenlooksandsheisoptimisticaboutherfuture.(2)展望未来,这位老人仍是充满
75、自信。答案:(1)ahead(2)Lookingahead,theoldmanisfullofconfidence.运用所学单词或短语造句。4.reserve答案:Idliketoreservetwoticketsinadvance.(我想提前订两张票。)5.advocate答案:Alotofeducatorsadvocateafreeeducation.(很多教育家倡导一种自由的教育。)一二三四6.substitute答案:Theyoungmanistosubstituteourteachertoday.(这个年轻人今天将代替我们的老师。)一二三四二、阅读词汇检测阅读下列句子,说出黑体词的含
76、义。1.Whatacoincidence!Iwasntexpectingtoseeyouhere.含义答案:巧合2.Theexercisewasbeyondtheabilityofmoststudents.含义答案:超出3.Itakethisseriouslybecauseitisamatterofprinciple.含义答案:原则一二三四4.Manybuildingsweredestroyedbythehurricane.含义答案:飓风5.Thefarmersmadesacrificestoensureagoodharvest.含义答案:牺牲一二三四三、单句填空1.Theyoungmanwa
77、sfiredbecausehiscasualattitudetowardshiswork.答案:of2.Itseemsthatthesituationisyourcontrol,soyoudbetteraskherforhelp.答案:beyond3.Idontknowhowthelessonisrelevanttheboyslife.答案:to4.Itwastheaccidentthatledthechildrenslosinghomes.答案:to一二三四5.Theteacheraskedthelittlechildrentoanswerthequestionsturn.答案:in6.Wh
78、ilehewastakingthetest,hereferredhisnotes.答案:to7.Wemustprotectourearth,forthereisnosubstituteourearth.答案:for8.Thegirlaheadusisworkinghardandverypolite,too.答案:of一二三四四、完成句子1.他说很久没有收到哥哥的信了。Hesaidthathe.答案:hadntheardfromhisbrotherforalongtime2.这位老人警告我们小心那条狗。Theoldmanwarnedus.答案:tobecarefulwiththatdog3.他向我们介绍,那位航天员生于1980年。Heintroducedtousthat.答案:thatastronautwasbornin1980一二三四4.这个人主动提出开车送我们回家。Theman.答案:offeredtodriveushome5.他问杰克今年要在哪里度假。HeaskedJack.答案:wherehewouldspendhisholidaythisyear
