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1、必修1Unit 1Unit 5Unit 5Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern heroNelson Mandelaa modern hero基 础 梳 理1_(n.)质量；品质；性质2_(adj.)吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的3_(adj.)慷慨的；大方的4_(vt.)建立；建设5_(vi.)逃脱；逃走；泄露6_(n.)意见；看法；主张7_(n.)法则；原则；原理8_(n.)亲属；亲戚9_(vt.)进攻；攻击；抨击重点单词重点单词qualitymeangenerousfoundescapeopinionprinciplerelativeattack10_(adj.)积极的；活跃
2、的_(adv.)积极地_(n.)活动11_(adj.)自私的_(adj.)无私的；忘我的12_(vt.)献身；专心于_(adj.)忠实的；深爱的13_(adj.)怀有希望的；有希望的_(n.)希望；愿望14_(adj.)乐意的；自愿的_(adj.)不自愿的；不乐意的15_(vt.)教育；训练_(adj.)受过教育的activeactivelyactivityselfishselflessdevotedevotedhopefulhopewillingunwillingeducateeducated16 _(adj.)和 平 的 ； 平 静 的 ； 安 宁 的_(adv.)和平地_(n.)和平；平
3、静；和睦17_(adj.)法律的；依照法律的_(adj.)非法的，违法的18_(n.)暴力；暴行_(adj.)暴力的，猛烈的19_(adj.)相等的；平等的_(n.)平等；相等_(adv.)同样地；相等地；公平地20 _(n.)报 酬 ； 奖 金 (vt.)酬 劳 ； 奖 赏_(adj.)值得的；有益的；有回报的peacefulpeacefullypeacelegalillegalviolenceviolentequalequalityequallyrewardrewarding1_失业2_事实上3_使充气；爆炸4_在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中5_求助于；致力于6_丧失勇气或信心7_当权
4、；上台8_设立；建立9_被判处(徒刑)10_愿意干某事重点短语重点短语out of workas a matter of factblow upin troubleturn tolose heartcome to powerset upbe sentenced tobe willing to do1The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost
5、no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。解读where引导定语从句修饰stage。仿写媒体常常有助于解决问题，吸引注意于需要帮助的境况。The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations_.经典句型经典句型答案：where help is needed 2.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力
6、反抗暴力。解读only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装。仿写只有在他们讨论这个问题好几个小时之后他们才作出决定。Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours_.答案：did they reach a decision 3I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。解读the first time引导时间状语从句。仿写我第一次见到她时认为她善良诚实。I thought her kind and honest_.答案：the first t
7、ime I met her突 破 核 心1quality n. 质量；品质；性质教材原句And what qualities does a great person have?那么伟人有哪些品质呢？板块一：核心单词(1)of good/high quality质量好of poor quality质量差in quality在质量上(2)quantity n数量见证2014It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.人们普遍认为应该通过综合素质来评价学生。 (2014
8、福建卷)Modesty is one of his good qualities.谦虚是他的美德之一。We provide goods and services_.我们提供优质的产品和服务。We are in need of milk_.我们需要高品质的牛奶。He has_of a successful businessman.他具备了一个成功商人应具有的所有品质。_often matters more than _.质量往往比数量更重要。答案：of high qualityof high qualityall the qualitiesQuality；quantity 2mean adj.吝
9、啬的；自私的；卑鄙的教材原句mean自私的(1)be mean with在某方面吝啬be mean to sb.对某人刻薄(2)meanv. 意味着；打算mean to do打算做；有意做mean doing意味着做be meant for sb.打算给某人的，为某人而做的(3)meansn方法；途径Dont be so mean to your little brother!别对你弟弟那么刻薄！ He is very mean_his money.他在金钱方面很吝啬。I am terribly sorry.I didnt mean_(hurt) you.真对不起，我并非有意伤害你。Missi
10、ng the train means_(wait) for another hour.赶不上这列火车意味着要再等一小时。_saying that?你那么说什么意思？答案： with to hurt waiting What do you mean by3devote vt. 献身；专心于教材原句A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.一个伟人是一个致力于帮助别人的人。devote oneself to (doing) sth.献身于；致力于devote ones life/time/money/e
11、nergy to (doing) sth.把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的be devoted to (doing) sth.专心于；奉献于devotion n关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚见证2014You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.除非你完全致力于你的工作，否则你将永远不会成功。(2014湖南卷)She devotes all her spare time to doing what she really enjoys.她将所有的业余时间都用在做她真
12、正喜欢的事情上。The ecologist_to his research work.这位生态学家全心倾注于他的研究工作。_ to the study of science，she had little time to take care of her children.她献身于科学研究，几乎没有时间照看自己的孩子。Her _ to her career left her with little time to take care of her family.她全身心投入工作，几乎没有时间来照顾家人。答案：devoted himselfDevoteddevotion填一填根据提示写出下面带介词
13、to的动词短语_注意_习惯于_坚持_开始着手(做某事)_反对_适应答 案 ： pay attention to get used/accustomed tostick toget down toobject toadapt (oneself) to 4vote vt.&vi. 投票；选举n. 投票；选票教材原句Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。vote for/against投票赞成/反对vote on投票表决vote to do sth.表决做某事I may vote for
14、her at the next election.下届选举我可能选她。I appeal to you to vote_him.我想请你投他的反对票。We are going to vote_the plan.我们打算就这一提案进行表决。答案：against/foron 5equal adj. 相等的；平等的vt. 与相等或相同；比得上教材原句But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但是我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这
15、能帮助我们实现我们的黑人与白人平等的梦想。(1)be equal to sth./doing sth.等于/胜任做某事of equal importance 同等重要的(2)A equals B in. A在方面比得上B/与B相匹敌(3)without equal 无与伦比(4)equality n. 平等equally adv. 相等地；同等地；均等地；同样地见证2014If the constitution said that all people were free and equal，then she thought it should apply to her.如果宪法说所有的人都是
16、自由平等的，那么她认为这也应该适用于她。(2014山东卷阅读理解C)No one equals him in strength.论力气，无人能和他相比。China calls for promoting _， mutual trust and mutually beneficial cooperation in international relations.中国主张在国际关系中弘扬平等互信，合作共赢的精神。He is a man who lacks experience and determination，and I think he is not_ the job.他是一个缺乏经验和意志薄
17、弱的人，所以我认为他不能胜任这份工作。Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be_respected.任何人，不管是官员还是公交车司机，都应该平等地受到尊敬。答案： equalityequal toequally6escape v&n. 逃脱；逃生；泄露教材原句It was a prison from which no one escaped.那是个无人逃跑过的监狱。(1)escape (doing) sth.逃避(做)某事escape from 从逃脱；逃避escape ones attention/notice 逃过
18、某人的注意sth. escapes sb.被忘记，记不起(2)a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生见证2014We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.我们跑着躲避，不过幸好没有人受伤。(2014陕西卷短文改错)There is no way to escape doing the work.没办法不干这份工作。Two prisoners have escaped_the prison.两名犯人从监狱逃走了。He narrowly escaped_(kill)他险些丧命。Believe it or not，I had
19、a_.信不信由你，我死里逃生。His name_.我记不起他的名字了。答 案 ： from being killed narrow escapeescapes me7beg vi.请求；乞求教材原句All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends.在此期间，我的妻儿只得从亲戚朋友处讨饭吃，并乞求帮助。(1)beg for乞求得到；请求得到beg (sb.) to do sth.乞求(某人)做某事beg sth.of/from sb.beg sb.for sth.向某
20、人要(求)某物beg ones pardon没有听清，请求别人再重复一次的意思，此时多用升调(2)beggar n. 乞丐They stand by the road begging for money.他们站在路边讨钱。They begged him_help.他们向他求援。The child begged_(go)with his mother.那孩子恳求和他妈妈一起去。答案： forto go 8reward n. 报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏教材原句They said that the job and the pay from the new South African governme
21、nt were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等权利而奋斗的回报。(1)as a reward for作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏in reward(for.)作为(的)报答；作为(的)奖励offer sb.a reward for sth.为某事而给某人报酬(2)reward sb.for.为酬谢某人reward sb.with sth.用酬谢某人见 证 2014The police will reward whoever provi
22、des useful information to catch the robber.任何人提供有用信息帮助抓住劫匪，警方将予以奖励。(2014湖北卷)He was given a medal_a reward for his bravery.他因表现勇敢而被授予了一枚奖章。They _ the boy _ 5 _ bringing back the lost dog.他们给了那个男孩五英镑，酬谢他把走失的狗送回来。答案： asrewarded；with；for比较辨析名词动词award奖品，奖金，与prize用法相似意为“授予、颁发”，常用搭配：award sb.sth.award sth.
23、to sb.reward报酬，奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb.for (doing) sth.填一填Mo Yan was _ the Nobel Prize for Literature.In his spare time，he has always been ready to help young writers.How can we _ his kindness?答案：awarded；reward 9out of work失业(out of a job)教材原句.and I worried about whether I
24、 would become out of work.而且我担心是否我会失业。板块二：短语和句型out of control失控out of repair失修out of order有毛病，出故障out of date过时out of danger脱险out of place不适当out of mind心不在焉He must face the reality of being out of work.他必须正视失业这一现实。The phone at the street corner is out of_again.街角的电话又坏了。He affected fashions slightly o
25、ut of_.他爱穿稍有些过时的衣服。答案：orderdate 10in trouble有麻烦；处于困难中教材原句Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.伊莱亚斯在有麻烦时去见纳尔逊曼德拉。Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble.当你遇到困难时请向警察求助。If you play with dangerous chemicals like that youre just _.如果你这样摆弄危险的化学品，你简直是在自讨苦吃。They took gr
26、eat trouble _(persuade) their father to live with them.他们费了很大的劲才说服父亲和他们住在一起。答案：asking for troubleto persuade 11turn to 求助于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向教材原句Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?为什么纳尔逊曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？turn in上交turn around/round转身turn away拒绝；不准入内turn down关小；拒绝
27、turn off/on关掉/打开turn over翻身；翻转；移交turn up出现；露面；调大turn out证明是；结果是You can turn to your teacher for help if you are in trouble.如果你有麻烦，你可以向你的老师求助。Those who want to go are to_their applications before Friday.想去那的人们星期五之前上交他们的申请表。It_he was the General Manager of the company.结果他是这家公司的总经理。The boy wanted to jo
28、in the army but was_because he was under age.那个男孩想参军，但因为年龄不够被拒绝了。Twenty people were expected，but only ten_.原期望有20人，但只有10人到场。答 案 ： turn in turned out turned downturned up12lose heart丧失信心lose ones heart to sb.爱上某人heart and soul 全心全意put ones heart into 一心扑在上learn sth.by heart背诵，牢记She lost her heart to
29、the handsome guy.她爱上了这个英俊的小伙子。He failed many times，but he_.他失败了很多次，但是他并没有失去信心。He is such a person that he likes doing everything that he wants to_(全心全意)他是一个做任何他想做的事都要全心全意的人。The boy learned the poem_.这个男孩背下了这首诗。As a matter of fact，nothing is too difficult if you_it.事实上，世上无难事，只怕有心人。答案： did not lose he
30、artheart and soulby heartput your heart into 13set up 建立；创立教材原句 Set up law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg.成立律师事务所去帮助约翰内斯堡贫穷的黑人The Voice of China has set up a stage where some people can achieve their dreams.中国好声音搭建了一个舞台，在这里一些人可以实现梦想。I should_what happened regularly day by day.我应按部就
31、班地一天天接着写下去。He_helping homeless women and children to places of safety.他着手帮助把无家可归的妇女和儿童送到安全的地区。答案： set downset about 14Until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.一直到今天，我们还处在几乎没有任何权利的阶段。where we have almost no rights at all是定语从句，修饰先行词stage。当先行词为stage，case，situation，posit
32、ion等抽象地点名词，且定语从句中缺少状语时，用where引导定语从句。At that time we had reached a stage where we had more black readers than white ones.那时候我们已到了黑人读者比白人读者还要多的阶段。You could get into a situation_you have to decide immediately.你可能遇上一种情况，使你不得不立刻作出决定。The baby has reached the stage_he can stand up.这个婴儿到了能站立的阶段。We are now i
33、n a position_we can be very successful this year.现在我们处于一个较好的境况中，今年可能会成功。答案： wherewherewhere15.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要用部分倒装。Only then did I realize the importance of health.到那时我才意识到健康的重要性。Only in this way_solve
34、 the problem.只有用这种方法你才能解决这个问题。Only when I left my parents for Italy_how much I loved them.直到我离开父母去意大利我才意识到我有多么爱他们。答案： can youdid I realize 16I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。I recognized her the moment (that)I saw her.我一眼就认出了她。_ I interviewed him， he looked a bit ner
35、vous.我第一次采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。He paid back the money he owed us_ he returned home.他一回家就把欠我们的钱还上了。_ I see the old man in the park，he is absorbed in reading papers.每次我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地读报。答案：The first timedirectly/instantly/immediatelyEach time 比较辨析the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次”for the first time是介词短语，只
36、能用作状语，意为“第一次”填一填He became interested in the young teachers lesson_he attended his class.He was so excited in class_.答案： the first time；for the first time .填入合适的关系副词1What is the name of the town_we stayed last night?2Please leave the book_it was.3This is the reason_he cried.4July，_we can go home for
37、a rest, is coming soon.5I shall never forget the days_I lived in the country with my parents.单元语法专练：关系副词引导的定语从句答案： 1.where2.where3.why/for which4.when/in which5.when.根据汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子1I have reached a stage in my life_make decisions on my own.(suppose)我已经到了应该自己做出决定的人生阶段。2Only when all of us hel
38、p the people in the earthquakehit area_.(return)只有当我们所有人都帮助地震灾区的人们时，他们才能很快地恢复正常的生活。答案：1.where I am supposed to2will they return to their normal life quickly 3Her son，_，went abroad last year，leaving her alone in the small village.(devoted)她非常疼爱的儿子去年去了国外，留下她一个人在小村子里。4 Mr White_for an examination yesterday but he was too busy to come.(come)怀特先生昨天应该来医院检查，但是他太忙了没有来。5He gave the children some chocolate_.(reward)他给孩子们一些巧克力来奖励他们的良好表现。答案： 3to whom she is so devoted4should have come to the hospital5to reward them for behaving well/good behaviour
