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1、Module 6Old and NewGrammar非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句【新知导引新知导引】认真观察下列句子，并体会非限制性定语从句的用法认真观察下列句子，并体会非限制性定语从句的用法1. Mao Zedong wrote a poem _he dreamed of “walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges”. 2. The Three Gorges Dam, _ is the biggest construction project in C
2、hina since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, has been built to control flooding. in whichwhich3. Sun Yat-sen, _ was the leader of the 1911 Revolution, first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919. 4. More than a million people _ lived in the region have moved
3、from their homes. whowho【知识详解知识详解】一、非限制性定语从句一、非限制性定语从句1. 作用。作用。非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容或先行词的补充、解释或附加非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号隔开，常常单独翻译。没说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号隔开，常常单独翻译。没有它，主句意思仍然完整。有它，主句意思仍然完整。2. 非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别。非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别。名称名称限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句作用作用起限定作用起限定作用, 限制或约
4、束先行词限制或约束先行词, 不可去不可去掉掉, 否则主句意义不完整否则主句意义不完整对整个句子的意义并不重要对整个句子的意义并不重要, 即使去掉即使去掉, 原句仍有意义原句仍有意义结构结构不用逗号与主句隔开不用逗号与主句隔开用逗号与主句隔开用逗号与主句隔开功能功能是先行词不可缺少的定语是先行词不可缺少的定语对先行词起补充说明作用对先行词起补充说明作用引导词引导词a. 作宾语时可省略作宾语时可省略b. 可用可用thata. 作宾语时不可省略作宾语时不可省略b. 不可用不可用that*This is the house that he bought yesterday. 这就是他昨天买的那座房子。
5、这就是他昨天买的那座房子。(限制性定语从句限制性定语从句)*He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句)二、非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法二、非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法1. who, whom, whose引导的非限制性定语从句。引导的非限制性定语从句。(1)关系代词关系代词who, whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人。引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人。(2)关系代词关系代词who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whom
6、作宾语；作宾语；介词后用介词后用whom, 不用不用who。(3)whose作定语，先行词是人时，作定语，先行词是人时，whose + n. 相当于相当于the +n. +of whom。先行词是物时，先行词是物时，whose + n. 相当于相当于the +n. +of which。*Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital金先生的腿受了重伤，他很快就被送去医院了。金先生的腿受了重伤，他很快就被送去医院了。*His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818.
7、 他非常爱他的母亲，她死于他非常爱他的母亲，她死于 1818年。年。*Bobs father, who worked on the project, spent four years in Egypt. 鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程，在埃及度过了四年。鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程，在埃及度过了四年。【即学活用即学活用】选词填空选词填空(who/whom/whose)。Li Leis father, _ was an engineer before his death, died when Li Lei was very young. Confucius, _ influence on Chinese pe
8、ople has been the greatest, was born in 551 BC. I love my mother, _ everyone in her company likes to work with. whowhosewhom2. which, as的用法。的用法。(1)两者在定语从句中作主语或宾语。两者在定语从句中作主语或宾语。*Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。*The teacher often praised my partner, which
9、made me sad. 老师经常表扬我的同伴，这使我很伤心。老师经常表扬我的同伴，这使我很伤心。*As we all know, the earth is round. 众所周知，地球是圆的。众所周知，地球是圆的。 *The two brothers were satisfied with this decision，as was agreed beforehand. 两兄弟对此决定都满意，这项决定在事前都已得到他们的同意。两兄弟对此决定都满意，这项决定在事前都已得到他们的同意。 *Taiwan is，as you know，an inseparable part of China. 你知道
10、，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。你知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。(2)as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别。引导非限制性定语从句的区别。 项目项目aswhich指代指代引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容容引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容, 又可指代又可指代主句的一部分主句的一部分位置位置可位于主句之前、之中或之后可位于主句之前、之中或之后引导的从句不能位于主句之前引导的从句不能位于主句之前意义意义正如正如这这, 那那【即学活用即学活用】完成句子。完成句子。He came back home late, _. 正如我们所料正如
11、我们所料, 他回家晚了。他回家晚了。Einstein, _, is a famous scientist. 众所周知众所周知, 爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。James did really well in his exams, _. 詹姆斯考得非常好詹姆斯考得非常好, 真令人惊讶。真令人惊讶。Tom was late again, _. 汤姆又迟到了汤姆又迟到了, 这使老师非常生气。这使老师非常生气。as we expectedas is well-knownwhich was a big surprisewhich made his teacher very an
12、gry3. when, where的用法。的用法。(1)关关系系副副词词when在在非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句中中作作时时间间状状语语，指指代代主主句句中中表表示时间的词语。示时间的词语。(2)关关系系副副词词where在在非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句中中作作地地点点状状语语，指指代代主主句句中中表表示地点的词语。示地点的词语。(3)when/where有时可以换成有时可以换成“介词介词+which”。*Mr King was quickly taken to hospital，where a doctor wanted to examine his legs金先生很快被送去医院，在
13、那里一个医生要检查他的腿。金先生很快被送去医院，在那里一个医生要检查他的腿。*We will put off the outing until next week, when we wont be so busy. 我们将把郊游推迟到下个星期，那时我们不会那么忙了。我们将把郊游推迟到下个星期，那时我们不会那么忙了。 【即学活用即学活用】用恰当的关系副词填空。用恰当的关系副词填空。The happy day, _ he is going to study abroad, is always on his mind. We will be shown around the city: school
14、s, museums, and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go. Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World War , _ Jews were badly treated in Germany. The youngest nurse has worked for 30 days in the hospital, _ she spent her 19th birthday. whenwherewhenwhere【典题研习典题研习】(2014四四川川高高
15、考考)Until now, we have raised 50, 000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected. 【思路演示思路演示】分析句式分析句式: 主从句之间有逗号分开主从句之间有逗号分开, 该从句为非限制性定语从句。该从句为非限制性定语从句。理理清清句句意意: 到到现现在在为为止止, 我我们们已已经经为为那那些些贫贫穷穷的的孩孩子子们们筹筹集集到到了了50 000英镑英镑, 这是完全没有预料到的。这是完全没有预料到的。抓抓取取关关键键: 从从句句中中缺缺少少主主语语, 定定语语从从句句是是对对前前面面整整个个句句子子的的修修
16、饰饰。此此处处which指指代代整整个个主主句句内内容容引引导导非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句并并且且在在定定语语从从句句中中作作主语。主语。断定答案断定答案: which。【即学活用即学活用】用适当的连词填空。用适当的连词填空。1. (2015四四川川高高考考)The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 【解解析析】whose。考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意: 桌桌子子上上封封面面闪闪闪闪发发亮亮的的那那些些书书是是我我们们的的奖奖品品。先先行行词词为为books, 关关系系代代词词在在从从句句中中作作名名词词
17、covers的的定定语语, 故用故用whose。2. (2015重庆高考重庆高考)He wrote many childrens books, nearly half ofwere published in the 1990s. 【解解析析】which。考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意: 他他写写了了很很多多儿儿童童书书籍籍, 差差不不多多一一半半发发表表于于20世世纪纪90年年代代。先先行行词词为为childrens books, 在在从从句句中中作作介介词词of的宾语的宾语, 故要用故要用which。3. (2015江江苏苏高高考考)The number of smokers, is r
18、eported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 【解解析析】as。考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意: 据据报报道道, 吸吸烟烟者者的的数数量量在在仅仅仅仅一一年年内内下下降降了了17%。as引引导导定定语语从从句句, 表表示示“正正如如”。which引引导导非非限限制制性性定语从句时定语从句时, 不放在句中。不放在句中。4. (2015北北京京高高考考)Opposite is St. Pauls Church, you can hear some lovely music. 【解解析析】where。考考查查非非限限制制性性定定语语从从
19、句句。句句意意: 对对面面是是圣圣保保罗罗教教堂堂, 在在那那里里你你能能听听到到一一些些优优美美的的音音乐乐。根根据据句句子子结结构构可可知知这这是是一一个个非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句, 先先行行词词是是St. Pauls Church, 在在定定语语从从句句中中作作地地点点状状语语, 故故用用where。5. (2014北北京京高高考考)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, my classmates recommended to me. 【解解析析】which。考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意
20、意: 上上周周我我从从图图书书馆馆借借了了福福尔尔摩摩斯斯探探案案集集, 这这本本书书是是我我同同学学推推荐荐给给我我的的。分分析析句句子子可可知知这这是是一一个个非非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句, 从句中缺少宾语从句中缺少宾语, 先行词是一本书先行词是一本书, 故用故用which。6. (2014天天津津高高考考)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each ofuses it differently. 【解解析析】which。考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意: 英英语语是是一一种种多多元元文文化化共共享享的的
21、语语言言, 每每一一种种文文化化都都以以不不同同的的方方式式使使用用它它。分分析析句句子子成成分分可可知知此此处处考考查查定语从句定语从句, 且作且作of的宾语应用的宾语应用which。7. (2014浙浙江江高高考考)I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade, I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. 【解解析析】when。考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意: 直直到到五五年年级级的的时时候候我我才才成成为为一一个个登登山山爱爱好
22、好者者, 当当时时我我去去树树上上拿拿卡卡在在树树枝枝里里的的风风筝筝。when引引导导非非限限制制性定语从句性定语从句, 修饰先行词修饰先行词the fifth grade, when在从句中作时间状语。在从句中作时间状语。8. (2013浙浙江江高高考考)The children, all ofhad played the whole day long, were worn out. 【解解析析】whom。考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意: 孩孩子子们们都都累累了了, 他他们们都都玩玩了了一一整整天天。该该定定语语从从句句的的先先行行词词为为children, 定定语语从从句句的的引引导
23、导词词在在从从句句中中作作介词介词of的宾语的宾语, 只能用只能用whom。【真题备选真题备选】1. (2013重重庆庆高高考考)John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most ofare family members. 【解解析析】whom。考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意: 约约翰翰邀邀请请了了大大约约40人人来来参参加加他他的的婚婚礼礼, 其其中中大大多多数数都都是是他他的的家家人人。先先行行词词为为people, 在在定定语语从从句句中中作作of的宾语并指人的宾语并指人, 用关系代词用关系代词whom。2. (2013安安徽徽高高考
24、考)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _ made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true. 【解解析析】which。考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意: 2012年年莫莫言言被被授授予予诺诺贝贝尔尔文文学学奖奖, 这这使使得得中中国国人人民民多多年年以以来来的的一一个个梦梦想想实实现现了了。本本题题考考查查非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句, 先先行行词词是是前前面面整整句句话话的的内内容容, 关关系系代代词词which在在从从句句中中作作主主
25、语。语。3. (2013江江苏苏高高考考)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, he remembers starting as early as his childhood. 【解解析析】which。考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意: 世世界界银银行行的的总总裁裁说说他他热热爱爱中中国国, 这这种种热热爱爱早早在在他他的的童童年年时时代代就就开开始始了了。此此句句中中passion(热热爱爱, 激激情情)为为先行词先行词, 在定语从句中在定语从句中starting之后缺少宾语之后缺少宾语, 故用故用
26、which。4. (2013山山东东高高考考)There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science. 【解解析析】as。考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意: 没没有有一一个个简简单单的的答答案案, 这这在在科科学学领领域域里里是是常常有有的的事事。as引引导导非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句, 在在从从句句中中作作主主语语, 代代替替前前面的情况面的情况, 意为意为“正如正如, 正像正像”。5. (2013辽辽宁宁高高考考)He may win the competition, incase he is likely to get
27、into the national team. 【解解析析】which。考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意: 他他可可能能会会赢赢得得比比赛赛, 那那样样的的话话他他就就很很可可能能进进入入国国家家队队了了。逗逗号号一一般般不不可可连连接接两两个个句句子子, 故故是是定定语语从从句句, 且为非限制性定语从句且为非限制性定语从句, 故用故用which代指上文说的情况。代指上文说的情况。6. (2013天津高考天津高考)We have launched another man-made satellite, is announced in todays newspaper. 【解解析析】which
28、。考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意: 我我们们已已经经发发射射了了另另外外一一颗颗人人造造卫卫星星, 这这在在今今天天的的报报纸纸上上报报道道了了。which引引导导非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句, 指指代代前面整个句子前面整个句子, 在从句中充当主语。在从句中充当主语。7. (2013陕陕西西高高考考)_ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. 【解解析析】as。考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意: 孩孩子子们们通通常常就就是是这这样样, 医医生生来来的的时时候候埃埃米
29、米就就好好些些了了。as is often the case固固定定搭搭配配, 意意思思是是“通通常常就就是是这这样样”。8. (2012山山东东高高考考)Maria has written two novels, both ofhave been made into television series. 【解解析析】which。考考查查非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句的的引引导导词词。句句意意: 玛玛丽丽亚亚已已经经写写了了两两部部小小说说, 它它们们都都被被拍拍摄摄成成电电视视连连续续剧剧了了。分分析析句句子子结结构构可可知知novels是是定定语语从从句句的的先先行行词词, 指指物物时时
30、引引导导词词要要用用that或或which, 又又因因为为介介词词of后后面面不不能能接接that来来引引导导定定语语从从句句, 此此处处的的非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句只只能能用用which来引导。来引导。9. (2012福福建建高高考考)The air quality in the city, is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. 【解解析析】as。考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意: 正正如如报报告告所所显显示示的的, 在在过过去去的的两两个个月月里里, 这这个个城城市市的的空空气气质质量量已已有
31、有所所改改善善。as“正正如如, 就就像像”引引导导定定语语从从句句, 先行词为先行词为air quality。10. (2012安安徽徽高高考考)A lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. 【解解析析】as。考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意: 正正如如已已经经发发现现的的那那样样, 大大量量的的语语言言学学习习发发生生在在出出生
32、生后后的的第第一一年年, 所所以以在在那那一一时时期期父父母母应应该该多多和和孩孩子子交交谈谈。根根据据句句子子结结构构可可知知, 本本题题考考查查引引导导非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句的的关关系系代代词词, 在在句句中中作作主主语语, 指指代代主主句句整整个个句句子子的的内内容容。as可可引引导导非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句, 意意为为“正如正如”。11. (2012全全国国卷卷)That evening, I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. 【解解析析】which。考考查查定定语语从从句句。句
33、句意意: 那那天天晚晚上上我我一一直直工工作作到到很很晚晚, 我我过过后后会会告告诉诉你你关关于于那那晚晚更更详详细细的的情情况况。该该空空引引导导非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句, 在从句中作在从句中作about的宾语的宾语, 所以用所以用which。12. (2012北北京京高高考考)When deeply absorbed in work, he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. 【解解析析】which。考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意: 他他常常常常会会聚聚精精会会神神地地工工作作, 这这时时他他就就会会
34、废废寝寝忘忘食食。分分析析句句子子结结构构可可知知, when引引导导的的是是时时间间状状语语从从句句的的省省略略句句, he often was是是状状语语从从句句中中的的非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句, 先先行词是前面的整个句子行词是前面的整个句子, 且在从句中作且在从句中作was的表语的表语, 应用应用which引导。引导。13. (2012江江西西高高考考)By 16: 30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. 【解解析析】which。考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意: 到到16: 30要要关关门门的的时时候候, 几几乎乎所有的画都卖完了。所有的画都卖完了。which作为关系代词作为关系代词, 指代前面的先行词指代前面的先行词16: 30。
