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1、离子共存问题离子共存问题1. Na2CO3+HCl=NaHCO3+NaCl2. Na2CO3+2HCl=H2O+CO2+2NaCl 3. Na2SO3+HCl=NaHSO3+NaCl4. Na2SO3+2HCl=H2O+SO2+2NaCl 5. Na2S+HCl=NaHS+NaCl6. Na2S+2HCl=H2S+2NaCl 弱酸酸根可与弱酸酸根可与H H+ +反应，生成对应的弱酸反应，生成对应的弱酸二元弱酸酸根可与二元弱酸酸根可与H H+ +反应，反应，生成对应的生成对应的 弱酸弱酸 或或 酸式根酸式根H H+ +过过量量H H+ +少少量量7. 2CH3COONa+H2SO4=2CH3CO
2、OH+Na2SO48.NaF+HCl=HF+NaCl9.Na2SiO3+H2SO4=H2SiO3+Na2SO410.2KClO+H2SO4=2HClO+K2SO4CH3COO + H+ = CH3COOHF + H+ = HFSiO32 + 2H+ = H2SiO3ClO + H+ = HClO弱酸酸根可与弱酸酸根可与 H H+ + 反应，生成对应的弱酸反应，生成对应的弱酸强酸强酸强酸制弱酸强酸制弱酸11.2NaHCO3+H2SO4=2H2O+2CO2+Na2SO412. NaHSO3+HCl=H2O+SO2+NaCl13.NaHS+HCl=H2S+NaCl14. NaHCO3+NaOH=H2
3、O+Na2CO315.NaHSO3+NaOH=H2O+Na2SO316.NaHS+NaOH=H2O+Na2S弱酸酸式根可与弱酸酸式根可与H H+ +反应，生成对应的弱酸反应，生成对应的弱酸弱酸酸式根可与弱酸酸式根可与OHOH反应，生成对应的弱酸根反应，生成对应的弱酸根弱酸酸式根既可与弱酸酸式根既可与H H+ +反应，又可与反应，又可与OHOH反应反应17.NH4Cl+NaOH = NH3+NaCl+H2O18.NH4NO3+KOH = NH3H2O+KNO3NH4+Cl +Na+OH = NH3+ Na+ +Cl +H2ONH4+ +OH = NH3 +H2ONH4+NO3 +K+OH = N
4、H3H2O + K+ +NO3 NH4+ + OH = NH3H2O 19.NaHCO3+NaHSO4=H2O+CO2+Na2SO4Na+HCO3 +Na+H+SO42 = H2O+CO2+2Na+SO42HCO3 + H+ = H2O+CO2Zn +2Na+2H+2SO42 = H2+Zn2+SO42+2Na+SO42Zn +2H+ = H2+Zn2+对比：对比：Zn 与盐酸反应的离子方程式与盐酸反应的离子方程式Zn+2NaHSO4=H2+ZnSO4+Na2SO4在同一溶液中在同一溶液中能能发生反应发生反应的离子间就不能大量共存的离子间就不能大量共存生成生成沉淀沉淀生成生成气体气体生成生成水
5、水生成生成弱酸弱酸生成生成弱碱弱碱生成生成弱酸酸式根弱酸酸式根H+ + OH = H2O与与H+不大量共存的离子不大量共存的离子1. 1. OH2 2. .弱酸酸根弱酸酸根3.3.弱酸酸式根弱酸酸式根HCO3 HSO3 HS 与与OH不大量共存的离子不大量共存的离子1. 1. H+ 2.2.除除K+ 、Na+ 、Ba2+ 外的所有金属阳外的所有金属阳离子离子3.3.NH4+ 4.4.弱酸酸式根弱酸酸式根 强酸性强酸性强碱性强碱性1. Na2CO3+HCl=NaHCO3+NaCl2. Na2CO3+2HCl=H2O+CO2+2NaCl2Na+ + CO32 +H+Cl = Na+ +HCO3 +
6、 Na+ +Cl CO32 +H+ = HCO3 2Na+ + CO32 +2H+2Cl = H2O+CO2+ 2Na+ +2Cl CO32 +2H+ = H2O + CO23. Na2SO3+HCl=NaHSO3+NaCl4. Na2SO3+2HCl=H2O+SO2+2NaCl2Na+ + SO32 +H+Cl = Na+ +HSO3 + Na+ +Cl SO32 +H+ = HSO3 2Na+ + SO32 +2H+2Cl = H2O+SO2+ 2Na+ +2Cl SO32 +2H+ = H2O + SO25. Na2S+HCl=NaHS+NaCl6. Na2S+2HCl=H2S+2NaC
7、l 2Na+ + S2 +H+Cl = Na+ +HS + Na+ +Cl S2 +H+ = HS 2Na+ + S2 +2H+2Cl = H2S + 2Na+ +2Cl S2 +2H+ = H2S 7. 2CH3COONa+H2SO4=2CH3COOH+Na2SO4CH3COO + H+ = CH3COOH2Na+ + 2CH3COO +2H+SO42 = 2CH3COOH+ 2Na+ +SO428.NaF+HCl=HF+NaClF + H+ = HFNa+ + F +H+Cl = HF + Na+ +Cl9.Na2SiO3+H2SO4=H2SiO3+Na2SO4SiO32 + 2H+ = H2SiO32Na+ + SiO32 +2H+SO42 = H2SiO3+ 2Na+ +SO4210.2KClO+H2SO4=2HClO+K2SO4ClO + H+ = HClO2K+ +2ClO +2H+SO42 = 2HClO+ 2K+ +SO42亚硫亚硫 磷酸磷酸 氢氟酸氢氟酸甲酸甲酸 苯甲苯甲 醋酸醋酸碳酸碳酸 氢硫氢硫 次氯酸次氯酸氰酸氰酸 石炭酸石炭酸SO32PO43FCH3COOClOS2CO32
