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1、Grammar RevisionGrammar Revision鲁教版各年级英语复习鲁教版各年级英语复习专项语法要点专项语法要点初一年级（初一年级（1 1） 赵闯赵闯六年级语法要点六年级语法要点 1 26个字母个字母 2 人称、物主代词人称、物主代词 （my, your, his, her/he she it ，they） 3 指示代词指示代词 (this, that, these, those) 4 方位介词方位介词（in, on, under） 5. 冠词冠词（a、an、the） 6 一般现在时一般现在时 (My favorite subject is science. I want to
2、 be an actor. Id like some noodles.) 7 句式：句式： 肯定句、否定句肯定句、否定句 一般疑问句（一般疑问句（Do you have? Do you like? ) 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句（Whats your telephone number? How much? When is your birthday?.What time.Where is your pen pal from? Why do you like koalas?） 感叹句、祈使句感叹句、祈使句 8 情态动词情态动词can（Can you play the guitar?） 9. 现在进行时
3、现在进行时（I am watching TV.） 10. there be句型句型 代词是代替名词的一种词类。分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。v考点考点1 代词代词一一.人称代词人称代词 1.人称代词如表所示。 2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如： I like table tennis. （作主语） Do you know him?（作宾语）3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：-Who is knocking at the door? -Its me.4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时
4、，用主格和宾格都可以。如：He is older than me.He is older than I am.二二. 物主代词物主代词 1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性，如表所示。 2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。 例如： Our teacher is coming to see us. 3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。 Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语） - Is this English-book yours? （作表语） - No. M
5、ine is in my bag. Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语）三三. 指示代词指示代词 指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。 1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如： This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days 2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物，例如： I
6、 had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this： pronunciation is very important in learning English3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例： Television made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?四四
7、. 反身代词反身代词 英语中用来表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己等意义的代词称为反身代词，其形式如表所示。 1. 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。 He called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in English? 2. 作表语。 It doesnt matterIll be myself soon The girl in the news is myself 3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。 I myself washed the clothes（作
8、主语同位语） You should ask the teacher himself（作宾语同位语）五五. 不定代词不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。常用的不定代词如下：1. some与与any的区别的区别 1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些”作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词；可数名词复数。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形
9、容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isnt any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea?3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture? I cant see any. If you have no money, Ill lend you some. 注意：与some, any结合
10、的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，和some, any的用法相同。2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别在用法上的区别1）用作形容词： a few虽少，但有几个 用于可数名词 表示肯定 few不多，几乎没有 用于可数名词 表示否定 a little，虽少，但有一点 用于不可数名词 表示肯定 little不多，没有什么 用于不可数名词 表示否定 Im going to buy a few apples. He can speak onl
11、y a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the glass. He has few friends. They had little money with them. 2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍 微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级) She slept ver
12、y little last night.表示否定3. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。1）other可作形容词，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，“其他的”。 Where are his other books? I havent any other books except this one. 2）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。构成“one ., the other .”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , t
13、he other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other. 3）other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ., others .”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please. 4）“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。 In our c
14、lass only Tom is English, the others are Chinese. 5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one. You can see another ship in the sea, cant you? Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?6）another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me ano
15、ther.4. every与与each的区别。的区别。v The teacher gave a toy to each child.v Each ball has a different colour.v 当我们说当我们说each child, each student或或each teacher时，时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思的意思与与all接近，表示他们都如此。接近，表示他们都如此。v Every student lov
16、es the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.六六. 疑问代词疑问代词疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。如：Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语）What is that? (作表语)Whose umbrella is this? (作定语)Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语)七七.关系代词关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代
17、词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：I hate people who talk much but do little.With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?八、相互代词八、相互代词 表示相互关系的代词，有each other；和one another两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。 如： They love each other. 他们彼此相爱。
