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1、Respiratory SystemObjectivesComponents of the conducting and respiratory portions of the respiratory system.Wall structure and key distinguishing features of the trachea and the various segments of the bronchial tree.Structure of the alveolar wall and components of the gas-blood barrier. Structure o
2、f the type I, II alveolar cells.ComponentsNasal cavityThe pharynx (digestivesystem)The larynxThe trachea The bronchiThe lungvestibular regionrespiratory regionolfactory region1.Nasal cavity (study by yourself)Ep: stratified squamous epi. LP: sebaceous and sweat glandEp: pseudostratifiedciliatedcolum
3、narepi.LP:vascularnetworkEp: olfactory epi.LP: serous gland (Bowman gland, olfactory gland)Olfactory cellsSupporting cellsBasal cells 2. Trachea and main bronchiStructure:Mucosa SubmucosaAdventitia(1) Mucosa : EpitheliumPseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Ciliated cellGoblet cellBrush cell
4、Basal cellSmall granule cellEpitheliumFigure 17-6: Ciliated respiratory epitheliumciliated cellwith cilia To provide a sweeping motion from the farthest reaches towards larynxGoblet cell to synthesize and secrete mucusthe secretion covers the epithelium surfaceBrush cell-columnar,microvilli,-EM:RER,
5、nogranules-function:notverycleari.becomeintociliatedcellii.receivesensorystimuliSmall granule cell(neuroendocrinecell)-EM:dense-coregranules-Function: secret hormones to regulatecontractofSMandsecretionofglandi.5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin)ii.CalcitoninBasal cell stem cell(2)SubmucosaLCT,containing
6、 mixed glandswith diffuse LT and LNSIg A = secretory component (secreted by epithelum cell) + Ig A ( produced by plasma cell)(3)Adventitia:cartilagering:16-20“C”shapedcircularligament:elasticfiberposterior part (membrane part): SM, elasticfiber,trachealgland3. Lung-paired organ, located in thoracic
7、cavityGeneral structure:-capsule:viscerallayerofpleura-serousmembrane-parenchyma: all branches of bronchiandalveoli-interstitiaConducting portion:bronchiintrapulmonarybronchialtree(lobarbronchialtree,segmentalbronchiandsmallbronchi)smallbronchibronchiolesterminalbronchiolesFunction:inspireair(cleane
8、d,moistened,warmed)Respiratory portionrespiratorybronchiolesalveolarductalveolarsacalveoliFunction: gas exchange1)Conducting portionbronchismall bronchi(fromlobar bronchi to small bronchi) mucosa: Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium-epithelium:thinner-gobletcell:number-laminapropria:thinne
9、r,-SMsubmucosa:glandadventitia:cartilagebronchiole:diameter1mmpseudostratified ciliated columnar epitheliumgobletcell,Gland,cartilageordisappearsmoothmusclecircularmucosaplica*pulmonary lobule:onebronchiolesanditsallbranchesandallalveoliconeorpyramidal-shape0.1cmindiameter*AsthmaAllergy-theepidemico
10、f the 21st century.Asthma is a seriousdisease that affectsthe lungs and theairways that deliverairtothelungs.terminal bronchiole:Diameter0.5mm-goblet cell, gland, cartilagedisappear-SM: form a whole layer ofcircumferentialSM-Wall:simpleciliatedcolumnarepitheliumtwotypesofcellsi.ciliatedcellii.secret
11、ingcell:Clara cellnon-ciliated and contain rich secretory granules function:dissolvethemucusundifferentiatedcellciliatedcellClara cellSummary:ChangesofconductionportionThecartilagesbecomeirregular,andaresmaller.Theamountofmuscleinthebronchialwallincrease.Glandsbecomefewer,andareabsentinthebronchiole
12、s.Theepitheliumbecomethinner.terminal bronchiolebronchiolebronchi small bronchi2) respiratory portionrespiratory bronchiolesimplecolumnarorcuboidalepitheliumsmoothmusclelessalveolar duct:-wall:alveolioralveolarsacopeningsimplecuboidalepitheliumorsquamousepitheliumalveolar sac:-manyalveoliopentoitalv
13、eoli:-withopeningalveolarsac0.2mmindiameter,300-400million/perlung,totalarea:70-80mm2-wallsquamousepitheliumSummaryRespiratory bronchioleAlveolar ductAlveolarsacAlveoliEpithelium of AlveolitypeIalveolarcells:squamous,cover 95% of the alveolar surfacetypeIIalveolarcellcuboidalcover 5% of the alveolar
14、 surface-type I alveolar cell:EM:plasmalemmalvesiclestightjunctionFunction:constitutetheblood-airbarrier-type II alveolar cell: secretory cellscontain osmiophilic multilamellar bodies to release the surfactant to lower the surface tensiondifferentiate into type I alveolar cells. EM:secretinggranules
15、:osmiophilicmultilamellarbody-0.1-1.0umcontains:phospholipid,glycosaminoglycanprotein surfactant alveolar septum:Ct , elastic and reticular fibersFibroblast, macrophage, plasma cell, mast cellcapillary: endothelium + basement membraneElastic fiberBlood-air barrier (respiratory memebrane)-components:
16、alayerofliquidtypeIalveolarcellandbasementmembraneCtcapillaryendothelialcellandbasementmembranealveolar pore:10-15um-balancetheair-pressurebetweenalveoli-loberpneumonia-bacteriaorinflammatoryspreadthroughtheporealveolar marcophage:-dustcell:phagocytosecarbonorductparticlesalveolar macrophages:heart
17、failure cell: lungedemathealveolarmarcophagephagocytoseRBCdigestthehemoglobinhemosiderin(pigment)accumulatedthemwithinmacrophagePulmonarybloodvesselsPulmonaryarteryandveinFunction:containvenousbloodtobeoxygenatedBronchialarteryandveinFunction:nourishthebronchialtreeReview Test1. Which of the followi
18、ng statements concerning terminal bronchioles is TRUE?(A) They are part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system(B) They function in gas exchange(C) They do not contain ciliated cells(D) They have cartilage plates present in their walls2. Alveoli in alveolar sacs possess all of the follow
19、ing components EXCEPT?(A) elastic fibers in their walls(B) a simple squamous lining epithelium(C) reticular fibers in their walls(D) smooth muscle in their wallsHomework1. Compare the structure of bronchiole with that of terminal bronchiole.2. Describe the morphology and function of type I cell and
20、type II cell in lung in detail.3. What is the air-blood barrier (or respiratory memebrane) composed of ?Referencebookandwebsite成令忠主编成令忠主编.组织学与胚胎学组织学与胚胎学.第第4版版.北京；人民卫生出版北京；人民卫生出版社社.1995Junqueira LC ,Carneiro J,Kelley RO.Basic Histology.9th ed.New York;Appleton & Lange.Stamford,Connecticut,2005.http:/www.meddean.luc.edu/lemen/MedEd/Histo?frames/histo_frames.htmlhttp:/medicine.ucsd.edu/pathology/som213/HistologyImageBank/http:/
