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1、Module-1-GrammarModule-1-Grammar解读解读Module 1 Grammar被动语态主谓一致Passive (被动语态)Many people speak English. (主动语态主动语态)He opened the door.他开了门。他开了门。(主动句主动句)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。即行为动作的对象。 English is spoken by many people.The door was opened.门被开了。门被开了。二、被动语态的构成二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分
2、词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。一般现在时：amisarep.p一般过去时：waswerep.p一般将来时：willshall bep.p现在进行时：amisare beingp.p过去进行时：was/were beingp.p现在完成时：havehas beenp.p三、被动语态的用法三、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年
3、。(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面) I bought a book a book was bought by me The man killed a tiger. A tiger was killed by the man .五、含有情态动词的被动语态五、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情
4、态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成. 例如： We can repair this watch in two days. They should do it at once.This watch can be repaired in two days.It should be done at once 高考链接高考链接1. Experiments of this kind in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. （2011北京）北京）A. have conducted B.B. have
5、 been conductedC. had conducted D. had been conductedD2. In the last few years thousands of films _ all over the word. (2011天津天津) A. have produced B.B. have been producedC. are producing D. are being producedB3. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _ by science. (2011湖南湖南)A. are
6、 making B. are made C. will make D. will be madeD4. All visitors to this village _ with kindness. (2011四川四川) A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated B5. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _ four days later. (2011上海上海) A. rescued B. was rescued C. has rescued
7、 D. had been rescuedBGrammar 2Subject and verb agreement1.谓语动词要与主语的人称和数一致。谓语动词要与主语的人称和数一致。I am seventeen, and she is sixteen.There is a desk in the room. /There are no chairs in it.John gets up at six oclock every morning.They have not come yet. 2. 两个名词或代词由两个名词或代词由and连接作主语时，谓语连接作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。动词一般用复
8、数。Wang Gang and Zhang Hua were here a moment ago.My brother and I have both seen the film.Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.注意：注意：当当and不表示并列意义，而连接两个在意义上表示不表示并列意义，而连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物、概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，同一人、物、概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting
9、.那位教授兼作家正在会上发言。那位教授兼作家正在会上发言。One more knife and fork is needed.还需要一副刀叉。还需要一副刀叉。两个并列的名词由两个并列的名词由each, every, many a, no等等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。Each doctor and nurse was given a new shirt.No sound and no voice is heard.Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.集合名词集合名词group, class, family, a
10、rmy, enemy等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，则用复数形式。单数；如果强调个体，则用复数形式。My family is a large one.The family are sitting at the breakfast table.Our group are reading the newspapers.This group is having a meeting.4. 不定代词不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, everything, everybody, everything, someone,
11、 somebody, something, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other等作主语等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。时，谓语动词用单数。Is anybody going to tell him the news?There is nobody in the house.Everything is ready.6. 当用作主语的两个名词或代词由当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or, eitheror, neithernor或或not onlybut also连接时，谓语通常与邻近的名词或代词保持连接时，谓语通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。一致。Either
12、 you or Jane is to be sent to New Zealand.Neither he nor I have finished the experiment.Not only his family but he likes Chaplin.7. 由由there或或here引导的句子，主语不止一引导的句子，主语不止一个词时，谓语通常与邻近的名词或代词个词时，谓语通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。保持一致。There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk. Here are some envelops and paper f
13、or you.8. 主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如用主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如用with, along with, together with, as well as, like, rather than, but except, besides, including, in addition to与修饰语连接，谓语动词不受修与修饰语连接，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致同主语一致的关系。的关系。The teacher with three students was doing an experiment.9. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词表示单表示
14、时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词表示单位数量用作主语时，通常看做整体，谓语动词用位数量用作主语时，通常看做整体，谓语动词用单数。单数。Sixty years is a long time.Ten dollars is enough for him.Three thousand miles is a long distance. 1. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes. （2011安徽）安徽） A. is B. are C. was D. w
15、ere高考链接高考链接D2. One-third of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people. (2011湖南湖南)A. is; are B. is; is B.C. are; are D. are; isAFill in the correct verb to complete the following sentences.1.The research group _ made up of five people.2.What _ the group want for
16、 their lunch?3.Our family _ not poor any more.4.He has to hurry. His family _ waiting for him.isdois are5. The class _ more than forty in number.6. The class _ disagreed among themselves about where they should go and have a picnic.7. The government _ spent more than two million Yuan for planting trees.8. The city government _ different opinions about next years plan.ishavehas / havehave / has结束！结束！
