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1、AUSTRALIAAustralia “The Land Down Under”Australia is called the “Land Down Under” because it is the only continent with a population entirely below the equatorAustralia Like Canada and New Zealand, Australia is a part of the British CommonwealthGovernment : Federal Constitutional Monarchy under Parl
2、iamentary DemocracyThe Queen of England is the official Head of StateCurrent Prime Minister: Julia GillardCapital: CanberraLargest City: SydneyPopulation: 21,874,900 (2009)Climate: Semi-arid (dry), tropical in northJulia Gillard27th Prime MinisterMember of Labor PartyFirst female Prime MinisterThe G
3、overnment is Separated into Three Parts:1.Parliament (Legislative) makes laws2.The Federal Executive Council, Prime Minister, and Ministers of State (Executive) approves laws3. The High Court of Australia (Judicial) judges lawsParliament of Australia Consists of Three Parts:1.The Queen (represented
4、by Parliaments Governor-General)2. The House of Representatives 3. The Senate Brief Timeline1.40,000 years: Australian Aborigines2.1606: First Europeans (Dutch, Willem Janszoon)3.1770: First British (James Cook)4.1788-1867: Australia as a British penal colony (New South Wales)5.1901: Australia as a
5、Commonwealth Country 6.1931: Australia with a more independent government 7. 1966: Government entirely independent of U.K.Prior to colonization by the British, it is believed that Australiahad been inhabited for over 40, 000 years by several groupsof indigenous peoples. These populations are general
6、ly referred to as Aborigines and now only constitute about2% of the countrys population. Although the Dutch were the first Europeans to exploreAustralia, the area was first colonized by the British inthe late 1700s. New South Wales was the first BritishColony established on January 26, 1788. For thi
7、s reason,Australians celebrateJanuary 26 as theirNational Day.When the Europeans arrived, they clashed with the local people and killed many of them. Diseases and the introduction of foreign plants also threatened the original peoples and environment. In 1770, Captain James Cook landed in Australia
8、and claimed the island for the British empireThe first colonies in Australia were established as penal coloniesA penal colony is an area settled for the purpose of transporting criminals rather than putting them in prisonDuring the last half of the 19th century, Australians began working towards ind
9、ependence from the British empire and the Australian colonies established the Commonwealth of Australia on January 1, 1901.As Australian nationalism rose during the second halfof the 1800s, so did racism. The discovery of gold in Australia had brought many immigrants and once theCommonwealth of Aust
10、ralia was established a policy ofWhite Australia limiting “non-white” immigration waspracticed until 1975. Early days of the Australian militaryAustralians fought in the First World War as part of the British army.The attack on Gallipoli, then part of the Ottoman Empire, was the first major military
11、 action by Australian and New Zealand armies. Continued IndependenceIn the years that followed the First World War, the United Kingdom issued the 1931 Statute of Westminster, granting Australia greater constitutional independenceIn 1966, the Australia Act was passed, making the Australian government
12、 independent of the United KingdomQueen Elizabeth II and any subsequent UK monarchs are to serve as the monarch of Australia but with no actual political power.CanberraSydneyReligionThe majority of Australians are Christian of some denominationThe Aborigines are called “the People of the Dreaming”,
13、practicing a religion and lifestyle according to the myths of their people (“dreamtime”). See page 244-245Australian CustomsGreetings are generally informal. Common greeting from Australians is “Gday, mate” (“good day”, meaning “hello”)People are generally humble about their accomplishmentsSometimes
14、 people bring their own food to cook-outsVegemite SandwichVegemite is a brown paste made from yeast with a salty, slightly bitter taste. It is spread on bread or toastAustralian MusicMusic of the Australian AboriginesDidgeridooPop MusicMen At Work1980s Pop Group“The Land Down Under”by Men At Work Tr
15、aveling in a fried-out combieOn a hippie trail, head full of zombieI met a strange lady, she made me nervousShe took me in and gave me breakfastAnd she said,Do you come from a land down under?Where women glow and men plunder?Cant you hear, cant you hear the thunder?You better run, you better take co
16、ver.Buying bread from a man in BrusselsHe was six foot four and full of musclesI said, Do you speak-a my language?He just smiled and gave me a vegemite sandwichAnd he said,I come from a land down underWhere beer does flow and men chunderCant you hear, cant you hear the thunder?You better run, you be
17、tter take cover.Lying in a den in BombayWith a slack jaw, and not much to sayI said to the man, Are you trying to tempt meBecause I come from the land of plenty?And he said,Oh! Do you come from a land down under? (oh yeah yeah)Where women glow and men plunder?Cant you hear, cant you hear the thunder
18、?You better run, you better take cover.Keith Urban Modern Country Music Singer, Famous in AmericaNicole Kidman - Actress“The Outback” The Australian “outback” is the center of the country It is mostly desert. Very few people live there Australian AnimalsLike New Zealand, Australia is known for many rare animalsKangarooWombatKoalaCrocodile Steve Irwin “The Crocodile Hunter”Horny DevilDuck-billed PlatypusEchidna (Spiny Anteater) Questions1.How is Australia different than New Zealand2.How is it similar?3.What are 3 unique things about Australia compared to other countries?
