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1、六、推理判断写作意图题专题三第二节分类突破真题感悟名师点津内容索引随堂限时练真题感悟(2018北京，北京，C)Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃垃圾圾填填埋埋场场)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new st
2、udy suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a mercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，an
3、d the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it.To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste(糊糊状状物物) and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass
4、apparently broken down by enzymes(酶酶) from the worms stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini，co-author of the study，says the worms ability to break down their everyday foodbeeswaxalso allows them to break down plastic.“Wax is a plex mixture，but the basi
5、c bond in polyethylene，the carbon-carbon bond，is there as well，” she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down poly
6、ethylene.But pared with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠肠道道微微生物生物)?语语篇篇解解读读本本文文是是一一篇篇说说明明文文。作作者者介介绍绍了了一一项项科科学学发发现现：
7、一一种种吃吃塑塑料料的的虫虫子子大大蜡蜡螟螟，它它胃胃中中的的酶酶能能够够降降解解塑塑料料，从从而而为为人人们们解解决决塑塑料料污污染问题提供新的途径。染问题提供新的途径。Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply “millions of
8、worms thrown on top of the plastic.”语篇解读解解析析推推理理判判断断题题。根根据据第第二二段段第第一一句句“.found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene.”和和第第二二句句中中的的“the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams”可可知知，研研究究人人员员在在研研究究中中发发现现大大蜡蜡螟螟蠕蠕虫虫可可以以分分解解塑塑料料中中的的聚聚乙乙烯烯，显显然然也也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，与选项可以分解垃圾中的
9、塑料，与选项C中提到的中提到的“吃塑料吃塑料”吻合。吻合。43.What can we learn about the worms in the study?A.They take plastics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.答案解析44.According to Jennifer DeBruyn，the next step of the study is to .A.identify othe
10、r means of the breakdownB.find out the source of the enzymeC.confirm the research findingsD.increase the breakdown speed解解析析细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据第第四四段段最最后后两两句句“The next step.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠肠道道微微生生物物)？”可可知知，接接下下来来人人们们需需要要证证实实的的就就是是酶酶是是从从哪哪里里产产生生的的。选选项项B
11、“查明酶的来源查明酶的来源”与此吻合。与此吻合。答案解析解解析析推推理理判判断断题题。根根据据最最后后一一段段第第二二句句“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply millions of worms.”可可知知，研研究究人人员员期期望望在在某某种种工工业业流流程程中中使使用用这这种种化化学学制制品品，而而不不仅仅仅仅是是把把数数百百万万的的虫虫子子扔扔到到塑塑料料上上。这这与与选选项项D中中提提到到的的“今今后后工厂可能生产这种化学制品工厂可能生产这种化学制品”吻合。吻合。4
12、5.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A.help to raise wormsB.help make plastic bagsC.be used to clean the oceansD.be produced in factories in future答案解析解解析析写写作作意意图图题题。作作者者通通过过本本文文介介绍绍了了一一项项消消除除塑塑料料垃垃圾圾的的研研究究，显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。选项显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。选项C与此意吻合。与此意吻合
13、。46.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain a study method on worms.B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.C.To present a way to break down plastics.D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.答案解析名师点津一、题型解读一、题型解读各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图题。设问形式常有：意图题。设问形式常有：1.整篇文章的写作目的整篇
14、文章的写作目的/意图：意图：(1)The writer writes this passage in order to .(2)The purpose of the text is to .(3)What is the main purpose of the passage?(4)The writer of the story wants to tell us that .2.某处细节的写作目的某处细节的写作目的/意图：意图：(1)The writer uses.in the first paragraph to .(2)The writer uses the example of.to .(
15、3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to .二、解题技巧二、解题技巧1.文体特点推意图文体特点推意图(1)记记叙叙文文：一一般般会会在在首首段段或或尾尾段段出出现现高高度度概概括括的的总总结结性性语语言言，且且往往往往有有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开的。一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开的。(2)应应用用文文：文文章章中中有有对对某某种种物物品品或或服服务务的的详详尽尽介介绍绍，使使用用具具有有明明显显支支持持倾向的语言。倾向的语言。(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。说明文：写作
16、目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。(4)议议论论文文：提提出出论论点点进进行行论论证证得得出出结结论论，作作者者的的意意图图往往往往隐隐含含于最后一部分中。于最后一部分中。2.看写作手法找答案看写作手法找答案(1)在在文文章章开开头头提提出出问问题题或或介介绍绍与与主主题题有有关关的的其其他他事事物物时时答答案案中中往往往往会会含有含有to bring in/to introduce the topic等字眼。等字眼。(2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有to support/to show.例例如如：【真真题题感感悟悟】中中的的第第46
17、题题，文文章章为为说说明明文文，主主要要介介绍绍了了一一项项新新的的研研究究发发现现蠕蠕虫虫可可以以分分解解塑塑料料。因因此此可可以以推推断断该该篇篇文文章章的的写写作作意意图图是是告诉读者一种新的分解塑料的方法。告诉读者一种新的分解塑料的方法。随堂限时练A(2018天津部分区县二模天津部分区县二模)Are you sick of going to bed late and waking up tired? Then grab your hiking boots and a tent.A new study suggests that a couple days of camping in t
18、he great outdoors can reset your circadian clock and help you get more sleep.The circadian clock，more monly known as the body clock，is an internal system that tells our bodies when its time to go to sleep and when its time to go to wake up.Scientists track this clock by measuring the amount of melat
19、onin(褪褪黑黑激激素素) circulating in a persons blood at any given time.In a healthy sleeper，melatonin levels rise a few hours before bedtime，stay high through the night，and then settle back down when its time to wake up.In our modern society，however，most of us stay up many hours past sunset and would proba
20、bly sleep in many hours after sunrise if we could.And the trouble is，your melatonin levels may still be high when your alarm clock goes off in the morning，which leads to grogginess.It may also have other health consequences as well，such as diabetes(糖糖尿尿病病)，overweight and heart disease.Professor Kenn
21、eth Wright of the University of Colorado in the US wanted to see if our body clocks can be reset by a short stay in nature.His team recruited 14 physically active volunteers in their 20s and 30s.Nine went on a weekend camping trip，while the other five stayed home.At the end of the weekend，the resear
22、chers reported that in just two days，the campers body clocks had shifted so that their melatonin levels began to rise more than an hour earlier than they did before they left on the trip.By contrast，the body clocks of the group that stayed home shifted even later over the course of the weekend.“This
23、 tells us we can reset our clocks fast，” Wright said.Therefore，if you want to change your sleep patterns，you could try to increase your exposure to nature light during the day and decrease the amount of artificial light you see at night.And if that doesnt work，theres always camping.1.The author wrot
24、e this article mainly to .A.explain why it is bad for our health not to sleep enough B.inform us of a possible way to adjust the circadian clock C.analyze how the circadian clock influences our sleeping habits D.explore how the circadian clock is connected with melatonin levels解解析析写写作作意意图图题题。根根据据文文章
25、章内内容容“A new study suggests that a couple days of camping in the great outdoors can reset your circadian clock and help you get more sleep.”可可知知，作作者者写写作作本本文文主主要要是是告告诉诉我我们一种调整生物钟的可行的方法。们一种调整生物钟的可行的方法。答案解析12345解解析析词词义义猜猜测测题题。根根据据画画线线词词所所在在句句“And the trouble is，your melatonin levels may still be high wh
26、en your alarm clock goes off in the morning，which leads to grogginess.”和和第第三三段段内内容容可可知知，褪褪黑黑激激素素是是促促进进睡睡眠眠的的，如如果果早早上上闹闹钟钟响响起起而而体体内内褪褪黑黑激激素素依依然然保保持持较较高高水水平平，那那么么人人应应该该是是会会感感到到疲疲劳劳的的。故故可可推推知知，“grogginess”指指的的是是“疲疲劳劳”。2.The underlined word “grogginess” in Paragraph 4 probably means “ ”.”.A.tiredness B.
27、excitementC.refreshment D.pressure答案解析12345解解析析篇篇章章结结构构题题。根根据据文文章章内内容容可可知知，作作者者是是将将待待在在室室内内与与待待在在室室外外的的人人进进行行比比较较，得得出出的的结结论论。by categorization归归类类；by parison比比较；较；by the order of time按时间顺序；按时间顺序；by the order of space按空间顺序。按空间顺序。3.How does the author develop the passage? A.By categorization.B.By pari
28、son.C.By the order of time.D.By the order of space.答案解析12345解解析析细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据文文章章第第六六段段的的内内容容可可知知，通通过过对对比比两两组组人人群群的睡眠表现发现，那些待在户外的人可以在短时间内调整好生物钟。的睡眠表现发现，那些待在户外的人可以在短时间内调整好生物钟。4.What did Wrights team discover from their experiment? A.The body clocks of the two groups didnt show much difference.B.The
29、 body clocks of those who stayed home remained the same.C.Those staying outdoors reset the clock inside their bodies over a short period.D.Changes to the circadian clock dont necessarily affect melatonin levels in our bodies.答案解析12345解解析析细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据最最后后一一段段可可知知，我我们们可可以以通通过过待待在在户户外外，接接触更多的自然光以及夜晚
30、减少照射人造光来改变我们的睡眠习惯。触更多的自然光以及夜晚减少照射人造光来改变我们的睡眠习惯。5.According to the article，wed better to improve our sleeping habit.A.spend weeks sleeping outdoors B.try to reduce melatonin levels at night C.set an alarm clock to go off every morning D.expose ourselves to more nature light in the day and less artifi
31、cial light at night 答案解析12345B(2018河西区一模河西区一模)One evening I went out and left my 17-year-old son in charge of his 8-year-old brother and 4-year-old sister.On this occasion，the work was made less troublesome by the presence of his girlfriend.I left with plete confidence that the older children would
32、do a wonderful job of babysitting the younger children.Later， I discovered that plete confidence was the last thing I should have left home with.I had decided to return home earlier than planned so that my son and his girlfriend could go out.I called home with this happy news.But instead of hearing
33、his cheerful，grateful voice on the other end of the line，all I heard was the sound of a telephone ringing.It was，I should point out，after 10 p.m.，when the two younger children should have been in bed，and when the two older children should have been answering the phone.“Ill give him a lesson，” I said
34、.I decided they must be outside.Why they might be outside at 1030 on a winter night？I had no idea，but it was the only explanation I could e up with.Finally，in desperation，I called his girlfriends house.After what seemed like countless rings，his girlfriend answered.“Yes，” she said brightly，“Hes right
35、 here.”He came to the phone.I was not my usual calm，rational self.After all，one of the rules of survival for modern parents is that you cant trust modern teenagers.“Where are the children？” I said.He said they were with him.They had done nothing wrong.My son had taken the younger children over to hi
36、s girlfriends house just for ice cream and cake.This was too good to be believed.Well，it turned out that I shouldnt have believed it.It was only part of the truth.The following Saturday evening we were at my parents home，celebrating my birthday.My oldest son gave me the childrens gifts.Mounted and f
37、ramed were a series of lovely color photographs of my children，dressed in their best clothes，and wearing their most wonderful expressions.They are pictures to treasure a lifetime，all taken by the father of my sons girlfriend.6.The author went out and left her eldest son in charge of the younger chil
38、dren because .A.she knew that her eldest son was a good baby-sitterB.she thought it no hard work to take care of the younger onesC.she believed he could do well with his girlfriends helpD.she could not find a baby-sitter on that winter night答案解析6789107.When the author called home that evening，she fo
39、und that .A.there was no one answering the telephoneB.the children were preparing a birthday gift for herC.her son was quarrelling with his girlfriendD.her son had brought his girlfriend home解解析析细细节节理理解解题题。由由第第二二段段最最后后一一句句“all I heard was the sound of a telephone ringing”可可知知，作作者者听听到到的的只只有有电电话话铃铃声声，
40、家家里里没没人人接接电电话。话。答案解析6789108.According to Paragraph 3，“it” means .A.the two younger children have been in bedB.the older children have been answering the phoneC.the author will give her older son a lessonD.the older son went outside with his girlfriend解解析析代代词词指指代代题题。根根据据第第三三段段中中的的“I decided they must
41、 be outside. Why they might be outside at 1030 on a winter night？”可可知知，it指指的的是作者的大儿子和他的女朋友出去了。是作者的大儿子和他的女朋友出去了。答案解析6789109.What might the children do that evening?A.They had a birthday party.B.They had their pictures taken.C.They framed some photographs.D.They made some beautiful clothes.解解析析推推理理判判断
42、断题题。根根据据文文章章最最后后一一段段，作作者者收收到到的的孩孩子子们们的的礼礼物物是是一一些些照照片片“all taken by the father of my sons girlfriend”而而且且这这些些照照片片都都是是儿儿子子女女朋朋友友的的爸爸爸爸拍拍的的，可可见见吃吃冰冰淇淇淋淋和和蛋蛋糕糕并并不不是是孩孩子子们们做做的所有的事情，他们还给妈妈准备了生日礼物。的所有的事情，他们还给妈妈准备了生日礼物。答案解析67891010.What does the author intend to tell us by the story?A.Modern teenagers are not worth trusting.B.It is no easy job to look after young children.C.It is no good to have a girlfriend at an early age.D.Her children have a caring and tender heart.解解析析写写作作目目的的题题。文文章章通通过过描描述述了了孩孩子子们们为为妈妈妈妈精精心心准准备备珍珍贵贵的的照照片作为生日礼物，说明孩子们的关心和体贴。片作为生日礼物，说明孩子们的关心和体贴。答案解析678910
