《外文资料--The Present and Future ofNo-tillage Mulch Planter as One of Conservation Tillage Implements》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《外文资料--The Present and Future ofNo-tillage Mulch Planter as One of Conservation Tillage Implements（5页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、 The Present and Future of No- tillage Mulch Planter as One of Conservation Tillage Implements Wu Shihong, Instructor, Ph.D. Candidate College of Information & Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agriculture University 120#, Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning province, China. 110161 Email: Li Baofa, Pr
2、ofessor Engineering College, ShenYang Agricultural University Email: L Tian Youwen, Associate professor, Ph.D. College of Information & Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agriculture University Email: youwen_ Written for presentation at the 2004 CIGR International ConferenceBeijing Sponsored by CIGR,
3、CSAM and CSAE Beijing, China 11- 14 October 2004 Abstract. As the key machine , no- tillage mulch planters as one of conservation tillage implements promote the development of conservation tillage in dryland. But the no- tillage mulch planters are often blocked when they are working. In this paper,
4、benefits of the conservation Tillage, the applying situation , problems of the no- tillage mulch planters and Anti- blocking mechanism are introduced. At the same time ,the developing tendencies of no- tillage mulch planters are pointed out, which lay the basis for high properties no- tillage mulch
5、planters. Keywords. Conservation Tillage ,No- tillage mulch planter, Present and Future 2 Introduction Conservation Tillage technique can not only Save fuel, time, machinery wear, and labor (money!)but also restrain the sandstorm effectively, At the same time it can prevent the soil erosion and prot
6、ect the ecosystem environment. So Conservation Tillage technique is not only an important content but also a technique measure in developing modern agriculture. It is applied and popularized extensively in the world. No- tillage Mulch Planter is a key machine of Conservation Tillage Implements.The d
7、ifferences from common sowing machine consist in the different soil work environment of working parts and the function. First, No- tillage Mulch Planter can plant seeds into the soil in the condition that the soil is not cultivated .At the same time ,it must clear the wheels and other soil parts of
8、residues and clods to prevent the wheels and other soil parts from locking and dragging; Opener should have the enough ability to penetrate the soil and open a ditch which benefits the growth of the seed, and decreases soil disturbance and the resistance of the plow; Second, it should have a good eq
9、uipment for seed covering and soil compaction in order to place the wet soil on the seed and compact the seed slot, and increase the seed germination; Finally, the opener should have a strong ability of single unit profile modeling to meet the need of seed depth even degree. Such requires No- till p
10、lanter must have residue cutting and defend block device . ( generally it is consisted of soil residue cutting devices and residue moving devices). 1.The research and application of No- till planter in our country and other countries No- tillage has been popularized in in the United States, Australi
11、a, Canada.etc. since the middle of 20 century . With the research and application of No- tillage ,some foreign countries have researched and manufactured all kinds type of less or No- tillage implements . Along with the development and maturity of chemistry herbicide and No- tillage implements, the
12、planting method is applied and popularized on more and more areas. The area of the abroad farm is bigger, the power of the tractor is too bigger, the current abroad No- till planters are almost all united operation machines. They can complete cutting the crop residues, loosing the soil, opening the
13、ditch, sowing seeds, applying fertilizer, spraying the medicine and compacting soil etc. in once time .The abroad No- till planters have hang type and hitch type two types. There are more horizontal beam on abroad No- till planters and openers are arranged in more lines , the distance is big between
14、 openers .The No- till planters are not only broad but also heavy. The soil components of residue cutting and block defending are all complicated. The abroad have obtained the bigger achievement in the aspects of research on No- till planters . Such as the type of John Deer, Yetter series of the Uni
15、ted States, with the KMC type of the Australia etc. Those no- till planters properties are better. So they are applied and popularized in large area. Due to peasants in our country have small size fields and deficiency in tractor power etc. So, We cant use abroad no- till planters directly . Most no
16、- till planters are hang types and they cant be too heavy. no- till planters need certain ballast in order to dig into soil and open ditch in the condition that the soil heavy is higher and the soil covered with crop s residue .In addition ,because of the deficiency power of the tractor s, the lines
17、 can t be so much and generally from two lines to four lines such as corn ect. Otherwise, because the working resistance of tractor is too big to pull. So, we need to choose or design no- till planters which suits the soil in our country according to the state of our nation. Current no- till planter
18、s main include corn no- till planter produced by Nong Haha machine limited company, 2BQM Large ,middle and small mulch no- till planters produced by precision planter limited company 3 Wa Fangdian Dalian , 2BQM- 6 no- till planter designed by professor Hu Bilie ect. in original Beijing Agriculture U
19、niversity and their improvement type 2BQM- 6D，type 2BFY3 no- till planter produced by Shi Jiazhuang Agrcultural machine factory, the types BQM- 3 no- tillage , applies fertilizer and precision measure planter, new type 2BYM- 2 corn no- till planter produced by mechanization of farming institute He B
20、ei province. Type 2BQM- 6A no- till planter researched by the original agricultural university of Peking, and manufactured batch quantity by Dalian agriculture herding machine factory is a current mature model. A 2BYM2 type corn no- till planter adopt outside charge incline disc seed ejector. he sco
21、pe seed took is large, the accuracy is high, planting seed accurate and dependable. It can pure seed by itself , not easy wounding seeds, the distance of stub and the line is adjustable.It can adapt to the super- speed operation .Adopting double disc openers ,We defend the block of the residues from
22、 the planter effectively. Because We adopt the type of units combination in the whole machine , the imitating form ability is strong and assembly property is good, and it can satisfy large , middle, small scaled tractor to use. Type 2BQM- 6A no- till planter researched by the original agricultural u
23、niversity of Peking, and manufactured batch quantity by Dalian agriculture herding machine factory , whose pass property coefficient is 0.97 in the condition that cover quantity of wheat stalk 9650 kgs per ha and the rate of water of stalk is 64.3%.But the cover quantity of wheat stalk is generally
24、6000-10000 kgs/ ha and most of them are whole stalk,a year two familiar regions in He Bei province. 2. the problems of no- till planter and its breaking the residues and defending block device The domestic corn or wheats no- till planters are applied effectively in some regions, but the problem of b
25、lock have not been resolved in the condition that ground covered by heavy residues . Sowing seeds ineffective and the production efficiency lower. Therefore, it become the key lesson of the solution to resolve the blocking under heavy residues. For adapting the work on the field covered with crop re
26、sidues, the planter is requed that it should have a good property to defend blocking . however the present no- till planters cant be competent completely. The planters have a better proerty of defending blocking when the field is mulched by less residues (residues of the former crops) and the machin
27、e can pass; When the quantity is heavier , particularly in the area where two familiar and high production in a year of our country ,the surface of the field is covered much more residues after harvest , the straw is not damp but also not smashed mostly. The present no- till planter is often blocked
28、 when working . Sowing seeds is ineffective and the efficiency of production is lower. Therefore, resolving the blocking problems under heavy residues had become the key technique needing solution urgently in popularizing conservation tillage. Current, the domestic and international science institut
29、es have researched and manufactured great deal residue cutting and defending blocking devices in order to resolve the blocking problem under heavy residue mulch . They comprise soilresidue cutting devices and residue moving devices primarily .The former includes:( a staggered double disc opener ,Smo
30、oth coulters ,Rippled coulters and bubble coulters etc.) The hoe opener s weight is light but the ability that dig into the soil is strong and the cost is low. At the same time , the depth of openning the ditch and the seeds place are easy to be controlled. But the blocking caused when it worked in
31、the mulch field and it is easy to adhibit soil and entwist grass; Disc coulter rolls with the machine frame and depend on gravity to cut the residues. But the downpressure device must be added to the machine .There are main three types of disc coulters :Smooth disc coulters, Fluted disc coulters and
32、 rippled disc coulters . This device can cut off the straw and residues when acted with enough perpendicularity load. Otherwise , It cant cut them off and it can t divide the grass. The cutting residues and opening 4 ditch opener with depth control is combined smooth blade disc coulter with depth co
33、ntrol wheel. Making use of the depth wheel to press the mulches can strengthen the effect residues cutting . Although it has a good effect of cutting residues ,it has a limited ability of preventing blocking. The blocking is also easy to happen when the broken residues pass through the bottleneck of
34、 two monomers; Revolving knife residue cutting device is to use the power of the machine to drive blades to revolve at a high speed to cut residues and loose soil. This device has a strong defending blocking ability, but the cost is high, the energy consumption is high , and the rolling coulter is b
35、locked when much mulches . The latter include:( revolve fork separation grass device , finger coulter s and sweeps etc.) The principle of revolve fork separation grass device is to clear the mulches on the rows when the machine set go forward, and the revolving fork is drived by the ground wheel to
36、revolve round a vertical axis .The machines construction is complicated, can only clear 70% mulches .so , the blocking cant still be solved effectively; The finger coulter. Fingers on the steel wheel holds the mulches tight to lay aside outwardly backwards, and clear the seed strip to make the plant
37、er passed smoothly. The machine possesses a good effective in breaking mulches. The steel finger is easy to be enlaced grass under the heavy mulches ;Brush separation grass device uses two nylon brushes which are arranged into “ v” shape to clear the residues on the seed lines .It is suit to work on
38、 the soil surface which is few mulches . Most abroad no- till planters apply disc coulter residues and soil loosing devices ,but different types of simple structure and low price devices preventing blocking are also researched and manufactured in our country . They have a better effect of defending
39、blocking within certain scope .Such as: the finger disc strip- grass device defending blocking researched and manufactured by Chen Junda and so on in mechanical engineering college of Chinese agriculture university applies the way of defending blocking that cutting first then clear the residues .Cle
40、aring away the residues and stalks in front of the opener,it ensure the opener to pass smoothly . The structure is simple and the manufacturing expense is low. It can resolve blocking problems of the mulch fields in a year one maturity region or a year two maturity regions. Shenyang city Changqing m
41、achine factory researched and manufactured notched coulter and separated grass device to prevent blocking .At the same time ,they have done some experiments in the fields ,and achieved better effect in preventing blocking . Zhang Jinguo studied strip and smash no- tillage planter .A strip smash bloc
42、king defending device drived by power is mounted to the front of the opener. It use smash blades revolving at high speed in the front of the opener to cut the grass and open the way. These promoted the research of no- till planters in our county. 3. Conclusion Current, a series of no- tillage plante
43、rs have been researched and manufactured in our country and used and popularized them. But We should see, it is insufficient to research and experiment the soil components . From now on We should notice following directions: (1) Because the fresh straws are hard to cut off in a year two maturity reg
44、ions, the properties affecting defending blocking should be important thing to research. (2) It is important to research high stubbles corn no- till planters in dry region in northeast China. (3) for lowering the energy consumption , increasing farming quality and the defending blocking property, We
45、 need to research parameters of residue cutting coulters thorough and explore new tillage ways. Such as notched coulter corn no- tillage planter produced in our country .It s coulter is a rolling saw, which can cut residues smoothly and decrease energy consumption. We also need to develop combine la
46、rge scale implements in order to promote efficiency. 5 (4) Applying the principle of each parts life and method to design no- till planter ,and we guarantee to increase the usage period without faults and reduce the user s expenses of maintenance. References 1 Jiang Jinlin , Ma Tingxi .the review on
47、 soil components of no- till planter .Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, 1996. supplement,6871. 2 Zhang Jinguo. 2001. the Research and Experiment on strip smash no- till planter. Unpublished PhD diss. Chinese agriculture university. 3 Gao Huanwen . The discussion of mecha
48、nization tillage mode in northern dry land. Transactions of Chinese agricultural university ,1996, supplement,712. 4 Chen Junda,Wan Xingwen,Li Hongwen.the Conservation tillage system and no- till planting technology of Dry land agriculture. Transactions of Beijing agricultural engineering university
49、,1993,13(1) ),27335. 5 Bahri- A,Bansal- RK,etc. Evaluation of different combination of openers and presswheels for no- till seed- ing. Tillage in Arid and Semi- arid Areas. Proceedings of an international commission on agricultural engineer- ing, held in Rabat, Morocco on 22- 25 April 1992. 1992,871
50、08. 6 Linke- C,Koller- K. Improvement of seed placement of direct drills in heavy straw residue. International Conference on Agricultural Engineering Landtechnik 1994. Proceedings of a conference held in Stuttgart, germany, 13- 14 October 1994. 1994,22.122.3. 7 Darmora- DP,Pandey- KP. Evaluation of performance of furrow openers of combined seed and fertiliser drills. Soil &Tillage Research, 1995,34(2),127139.
