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1、 http:/www.en.usz.ch/ The Fresh Generation Injection Mould Technique Gerhard W. Goerres, Thomas F. Hany, Ehab Kamel, Gustav K. von Schulthess, AlfredBuck Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Zurich,Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland Received 1 October 20
2、01;received in revised form 11 November 2001 Published online: 10 January 2002 Springer- Verlag 2002 Abstract： The translation and edition is make a summary : The original is introduced fresh generation vase earthen brick mould plastics technique distinguishing feature along with by means of the vas
3、e performance that the cycle was achieved 。 That this cycles causes an a jar of embryo become cool not needing manipulator and the lead- out plank again , but is an a jar of embryo directly is living that the standard becomes cool on the rush pith , and is living further by means of 2.5 to inject af
4、ter the cycle cooling being come out by the peak 。This causes the finished piece cooling may improve , thereby lift every one the overcast standard yield enormously 。Decreased the demand in room through the work cell gets rid of the manipulator , and simplify the system enormously 。 Keyword： Injecti
5、on mould design Knowledge base Injection mould object representation 1、 Summary The indexing vase embryo mould plastics technique is designed the development at twin teeterboard machinerys of Huskys mould plastics system 。Ought to systematically there be an all sides to stir the teeterboard to coil
6、the cross axle to circle 。Each one section is matched somebody with somebody a type semi to cool to mold the standard 。 The master stamper systematically is 48 an overcast standard , thereby supplys 192 standard rushs pith 。Fiing teeterboard jacket possess criterion heat flux a road and semi an over
7、cast standard 。Standardized two steps of moulds plastics units are equipd to this system , and that unit possessone 120 millimeters to pack the engine molding and 120 millimeters to inject the pressure stuff to squeeze in , and injecting along the Great Wall the pressure stuff possess engine a thick
8、 tube- shaped head and a distribution valve to join two grades 。Designing in the way of the vase embryo at the moment , target weight is the 47.3 grams vase embryos , thereby injecting amount is 2270 grams 。Two 42 differences is gatherd being used a system to the benzol two methanoic acid glycol est
9、er studs , and every one wholly acquireed the effect that may be receiveed 。 When the machinery cycles , the plastic material first of all injects up A 。 Since the fact that the vase embryo will remain the standard rush pith on , the vase embryo is living to turn on the standard not necessaries , an
10、d that traditional system goes up such as being living is stiff in that way 。Hence , the machinery cycle that the overwhelming majority cooling may be living soon afterwards perioc through shuts the standard revolves up to become cool on the rush pith at the standard 。Afterwards the cycle needs an e
11、xtraordinary brief cooling perioc in order to permit the pattern to elucidate the pressure , injects and defends and to be getting near also is such in this way 。 Afterwards the plastic material are living Bs surface is injected on this peak ministry face that the teeterboard was reachd in the index
12、ing on one section when turning on the standard 。As D before arrival when the extremity , now A is living teeterboard base place , and the push rod is switched on here , and the vase embryo is unloaded the finished piece through the machinery and leads to on the conveying utensil 。Injecting the stro
13、ke adjust the cycle time not effect , as a result may complete more slowly 。Gravitational force help is guarranteed that the finished piece breaks away from that the pattern drops secondly 。The finished piece drops such the curtain squares formed by crossed lines tip conveying utensil on , and the p
14、robability that creates the surperficial gall is littleer 。 A ministry is living 、Gas dashing systematic twin vase embryo of forming supplys the face and becomes cool the place of back and base 。Since the fact that the vase embryo maintains the pattern standard rush pith on , the face obtains the co
15、nduction cooling included they are still convenient 。Says in the total , the entire temperature of vase embryo than it is living traditional compression molding system and cooling leads to in the plank to stay analogous time will cool 。 2、 The Bottle Function Significant respect that we analyse the
16、indexing system analogous a of jar of vase that the embryo was manufacture out that to be the performance takeing this kind of vase that the vase embryo that the system was gived birth to was manufacture out against traditional work gived birth to on the cell one another contrasts 。The comparand tha
17、t obtaines in the eperiment that the table 1 is give out through is underway is depenied on 。 The indexing vase embryo performance is living and is better always in the intensity quiz , and this is better distributing for the runner quality which improved permits the stuff to be living inner place t
18、he vase , and does not there is the indication to make known that use this kind of system is living whatever space crystallinity of vase and ascendes 。The indexing specimen gived birth to is probably equally light , for their weight distributions is to be much inseparable 3、 This kind of system dist
19、inguishing feature Inner place the standard that to support with the hand the obviousest advantage of earthen brick is needs the cooling time decreased , thereby decreased entire time length that cycles 。At the moment , this kind of system employ the largesttest breastwork thickly act as 4 millimete
20、rs the 47.3 grams vase embryos do 。 This kind of vase embryo process cycle time ascertains by measuring to 22.5 seconds , was optimum as to the overcast standard system 。Overcast standard system implementation 14.2 seconds of indexing 48 cycle be able to be acquireed the better trade quality killing
21、 。The picture 2 is give out the cycle subdivided comparing situation 。 Circling the control tower does not need the manipulator again 。 Like this , therefore decreased from the tradition system to go up the jam that the manipulator block created is giveed an alarm and the service ceases engine time
22、。 The finished piece peak has ariseed to be living not to be the inflexible cycle time the element 。Decreased in the standard the turning on gap that needs in the wake of removing the manipulator , in the wake of decreasing of pattern stroke still lift empties cycle velocity 。 Systematic another adv
23、antage is the floor area that needs decreases , along with thanks to does not there is manipulator and lead- out plank cooling system , latent capacity that the dependability of system may be liftd 。Calculate in advance entire systematic dependability that therefore the manipulator obstructs does no
24、t happen permit the systematic usability to lift 30% 。Merely traditional 48 55% of overcast areas that the standard system requires of indexing system floor area 。 Against the person who one another accompanies the yield that still possess per foot of floor area lifts ( catching sight of the table 2
25、 ) further 。 Employ the indexing systematically to cause an a jar of embryo runner quality obtain the modification 。Being living , the valve runner district is freezed afterwards , the vase embryo is living brieflyer time inner place the heatpoint contact against the valve staff , for the cooling th
26、at the vase embryo is living inner place the overcast standard time by enormously decreases 。 Geing rid of this heat source removes a crystal source 。Except for better vision effect ( picture 3 ) , still causes that the runner district is more sturdy , thereby causes entire a of jar of side wall dis
27、trict better , and possess the weight that even more opportunitys ease the vase embryo in base district 。 The vase embryo to remain at the standard rush pith elderer time 。Systematically being contrastd against a criterion a jar of embryo mould plastics , entire a of jar of embryo becomes cool obtai
28、nning the modification 。Being living , tradition manipulator becomes cool inner place the plank , and the finished piece is encounter and be able to be shrinked by the tube face becoming cool , and such heat transfer is imconsummate 。In being living the indexing system manufactures at the standard s
29、hrinking on the rush pith , thereby maintain heat transfer , and is living when being come out , and will let drop when comprehensive entirety temperature of indexing vase embryo contrasts the a jar of embryo lead- out place through traditional system brings out by the peak 。Still possesing , and de
30、signs as to the vase embryo at the moment , not to the throat standard ring district supply cooling water , being living , the peak when comeing out yet systematically will be cooled far more than the criterion 。Become cool that district threshold energy system cycling as to the forming system of ty
31、pe 。 The distinct stuffs of indexing system in the way of some kinds reaches the difference of two kinds of distinct stuffs testing with two kinds to gather designing to the benzol two methanoic acid glycol ester studs , and may catch sight of that the acetaldehyde ( AA ) amount lets drop always 。(C
32、atchs sight of the picture 4 ) against injecting amount is contrastd this cycle time adjust injects the unit proposes the very much tall demand , injects the unit constinuously scousrs not to there is a few is held up time the stud 。 Since the overcast standard of peak value inner place the pattern
33、tallys with against the two differences studs , and against the difference process installation unanimously , the acetaldehyde is measured ever to possess to let drop that the main reason rests with that the pattern gathers materials the tube more 。Second advantage may catch sight of in the way of t
34、he pattern at the moment is possesing the very much good weight distributions , thereby permits to be living at the moment finished piece standard allows bad inside entire finished piece weight to drop the thest least degree 。 4、 The injection mould design process requirementan- alysis An injection
35、mould design is composed of two steps: theinitial design and the detailed design. The initial design iscomposed of decisions made at the early stage of themould design, such as the type of mould configuration,the number of cavities, the type of runner, the type of gate and the type of mould base. Th
36、e detailed design iscomposed of the insert (core/cavity) design, the ejectionsystem design, the cooling and venting component design,the assembly analysis and the final drafting. To develop a good CAIMDS, an analysis of whatthey have and what they want needs to be performed.What they have: The custo
37、mers requirements for the product. Thisincludes the detailed geometry anddimension requirementsof the product. An existing mould design library. This library coversthe standard or previously designedcomponents andassemblies of the mould design, for example, themould base (the fixed half and the movi
38、ng half) andthe pocket (the fixed half and the moving half). An expert knowledge in injection mould design. Expertknowledge of both initial and detailed designs forthe injection mould is obtained mainly from experiencedmould designers. Such knowledge includesmaterial selection, shrinkage suggestion,
39、 cavity layoutsuggestion and others. What they want: An intelligent and interactive mould design environment.Mould design is often composed of a series ofdesign procedures. These procedures usually requirecertain mould parts to be created and existing mouldparts to be assembled. Such a mould design
40、environmentneed not be fully automatic, especially forcomplicated products with many undercuts. Anintelligent and interactive environment will be a goodchoice to integrate some useful automation algorithms,heuristic knowledge and on- lineinteraction by the experienced mould designer. Standard/previo
41、us designed components/assemblies(product- independent parts) management. Apart from the core and cavity, an injection mould hasmany other parts that are similar in structure and geometrical shape that can be used in other injectionmould designs. These parts are independent of the plastic mould prod
42、ucts. They are mostly standardcomponents that can be reused in different mould designs and mould sets. Useful tools (including solid design and analysiscalculation) in the core and the cavity (productdependentparts) design. Geometrical shapes and thesizes of the core and cavity system are determined
43、directly by the mould product. All components insuch a system are product dependent. Also, theseparts are the critical components in the mould design Their geometrical requirements may be complicated.Thus, some tools developed to design the core and thecavity based on partial automation and partiali
44、nteraction can be quite useful. Design for assembly. In conventional CAD/CAMsystems, moulds are represented and stored as a complete geometric and topological solid model. Thismodel is composed of faces, edges and vertices in athree dimensional (3D) Euclidean space. Such a representationis suitable
45、for visual display and performinggeometrically computation- intensive taskssuch as engineering analysis and simulation. However,this form is not appropriate for tasks thatrequire decision- making based on high- level informationabout product geometric entities and theirrelationships. Mould designers
46、 prefer a design forassembly environment instead of a simple solid modelenvironment. This idea is also presented in Ye et al.s work 24. A design for manufacture. A complete injectionmould design development cycle can be composed ofthe mould design and mould manufacturing process.To integrate CAD/CAM
47、 into the mould design, themanufacturing features on the mould should be abstracteand analysed for the specific NC machine. Both the process plan and the NC code should beautomatically generated to enable the final designed mould to be manufactured. A design for engineering drawings. For manycompani
48、es, the injection mould design has to be represented in the form of engineering drawingswith detailed dimensions. CAD/CAM tools that are able to automatically generate these engineeringdrawings from the final injection mould design will be useful.Based on the above analysis, our research focus is to
49、develop techniques to represent what they have andwhat they want.Representing what they want is actually the representationof the knowledge and injection mould object.Developing what they want means to integrate the representation with intelligent and interactive tools forthe injection mould design
50、into a completed designenvironment. Therefore, an IKB- MOULD is proposedfor mould designers to realise the above two requirements 5、 Limitational factor of cycle velocity Is living the entire cycle perioc to the indexing what cycles the effect element may be divided into five component part : (1)Mac
51、hinery emptying cycle time ( this is completeing turning on the standard 、 Circles the control tower 90 degrees , shuts standard and in the interest of injects acting the ready cycle time ) ; (2)The overcast standard charges to anticipate time ; (3)The demand is getting near in the interest of avert
52、ing the finished piece that becomes cool to take shape sunken guarantor ; (4)Becomes cool the pattern inner place the standard in order to cause through guarantor to be getting near perioc in the person who requires the standard the shuing force tonne figure elucidates the pressure ; (5)The vase emb
53、ryo greats quantity of peak when comeing out being living warm that the face creating warms up along with warm up regeneration , in order to avert the follow- up handle perioc finished piece is fleeced the injury either is possess viscosity 。 Systematic machinery the emptying cycle time is optimized
54、 。The pattern need not turned on so manyly ,in order to permit the indexing to circle , such as the tradition systematically by permits themanipulator gos into the pattern district demand , thereby decreases turns on the standard with shuts the standard time 。Indexing velocity is also get in than th
55、e manipulator , and transfers finished piece and manipulator geting out quickly again 。The machinery of 4.3 seconds at the moment empties to cycle sufficiently to optimize , and the margin of modification is very little 。 Unduly little in case injecting the unit dimensions , the part of the body is
56、melted in the formation probably is a limitational factor 。The cycle velocity being living is leted drop to attain 11.6 seconds , in the way of 2280 be able to injecting amount 0.82IVs resin has tested at the moment 120 millimeters stud the person who may receive the plasticate capability 。At this m
57、oment does not there is remainder is held up time , cycles like this to accept the stud performance limit 。 Charges the stuff with guarantors pressure time about act as 9 seconds 。Acting the eperiment current optimum with the quantification charges to anticipate that the velocity is getting near the
58、 external form with guarantor 。 Becoming cool to achieve the pattern in 0.5 second to elucidate the pressure , yet the technology at the moment need to be become cool 1.3 seconds , and the cycle is subjected to the finished piece on takeing shape the sunken limit at the moment 。This is subjected to
59、packageing amount 、 Guarantors pressure and effect turning on standard velocity 。Since indexing cycle cooling time very much brief , the vase embryo encounters the overcast standard breastwork what shrinks time very much little 。 Research to improve this the respect cycle performance opportunity 。 T
60、he vase embryo temperature when comeing out the standard at the moment shall permit cycles time far away a moment to 13 seconds , in case merely on the one hand this is the limitational factor that cycles 。 6 、Element considering that the vase embryo is designed (Vase embryo which on the basis of th
61、e initial comparing model employd in the system along with cycling and designs the eperiment which do to different as of jar of embryos in the interest of accelerating the use indexing means to decrease the indexing 。Hence the indexing system requires that four suits of finished piece standard rushs
62、 pith , such standard rush pith complexity along with entire pattern cost that thus causes are the selection elements 。Else element consists of the production capacity demand 、Usable floor area 、Capital cost 。 References 1. Kinahan PE, Townsend DW, Beyer T, Sashin D. Attenuationcorrection for a comb
63、ined 3D PET/CT scanner. Med Phys 1998;25:20462053. 2. Heiba SI, Luo J, Sadek S, Macalental E, Cacavio A, Rosen G, Abdel- Dayem HA. Attenuation- correction induced artifact in F- 18 FDG PET imaging following total knee replacement. Clin Positron Imaging 2000; 3:237239. 3. Goerres GW, Stoeckli SJ, von Schulthess GK, Steinert HC. FDG PET for mucosal malignant melanoma of the head andneck. In press, Laryngoscope.
