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1、 George Eliot George Eliot 乔治乔治乔治乔治 艾略特艾略特艾略特艾略特1819188018191880 Mary Ann Evans 玛丽安玛丽安伊万斯伊万斯 George Eliot (18191880)George Eliotl lAn English novelist and one of the leading writers of the Victorian era. Eliots birthplace at South Farm, ArburyEliots lifel lMary Ann Evans, better known by her pen nam
2、e George Eliot, was born in Chilvers Coton, Warwickshire. Her father was a carpenter who rose to be a land agent. When she was a few months old, the family moved to Griff, a cheerful red-brick, ivory-covered house, and there Eliot spent 21 years of her life among people that she later depicted in he
3、r novels.Eliots Life George Eliot was educated at home and in George Eliot was educated at home and in several schools, and developed a strong several schools, and developed a strong evangelical piety at Mrs. Wallingtonevangelical piety at Mrs. Wallingtons s School at Neneaton. However, later Eliot
4、School at Neneaton. However, later Eliot rejected her dogmatic faith. When her rejected her dogmatic faith. When her mother died in 1836, she took charge of mother died in 1836, she took charge of the family household. In 1841, she moved the family household. In 1841, she moved with her father to Co
5、ventry, where she with her father to Coventry, where she lived with him until his death in 1849.lived with him until his death in 1849. Eliots Lifel lDuring this time she met Charles Bray, a free-During this time she met Charles Bray, a free-thinking Coventry manufacturer. His wife, thinking Coventr
6、y manufacturer. His wife, Caroline (Cara) was the sister of Charles Hennel, Caroline (Cara) was the sister of Charles Hennel, the author of a work entitled. An Inquiry the author of a work entitled. An Inquiry Concerning the Origin of Christianity (1838). The Concerning the Origin of Christianity (1
7、838). The reading of this and other rationalistic works reading of this and other rationalistic works influenced deeply Eliotinfluenced deeply Eliots thoughts. After her s thoughts. After her fathers death, Eliot travelled around Europe. fathers death, Eliot travelled around Europe. She settled in L
8、ondon and took up work as She settled in London and took up work as subeditor of Westminster Review.subeditor of Westminster Review.Eliots Major Works1.Translation:The Essence of Christianity 基督基督教的本质教的本质2. Editor of The Westminster Review威斯敏斯特评论威斯敏斯特评论 Eliots Major Works Three stories:1)“The Sad Fo
9、rtunes of the Reverend Amos Barton”2) “阿莫斯阿莫斯巴顿牧师的不幸遭遇巴顿牧师的不幸遭遇”3)2) “Mr. Gilfils Lover Story” “吉尔菲尔先生的恋爱史吉尔菲尔先生的恋爱史”4)3) “Janets Repentance” “珍妮特的忏悔珍妮特的忏悔”3. Scenes of Clerical Life 教区生活场景教区生活场景1857Eliots Major WorksRemarkable Novels:4. Adam Bede 亚当亚当贝德贝德 5.The Mill on the Floss 弗洛斯河上的磨房弗洛斯河上的磨房6.
10、Silas Marner 织工马南织工马南 description of rural life; moral problems; psychological studies of characters1859;1860;1861. Eliots Major Workso 7. Romola 罗慕拉罗慕拉1863a historical novel of the Renaissance in Italy problems of religion and moralitystudied more than 500 books and documentsin relation to art, ant
11、iquity(古人古人) and old MSSmanuscripts Eliots Major Worksl8. Felix Holt the Radical， 1866费费立可斯立可斯霍尔特霍尔特l9. Middlemarch， (18711872) 米德尔马契米德尔马契l10. Daniel Deronda， 1876 l丹尼尔丹尼尔德龙达德龙达 The Characteristics of George Eliots WorksnEliot used a male pen name, she said, to ensure that her works were taken serio
12、usly. Female authors were published under their own names, but Eliot wanted to ensure that she was not seen as merely a writer of romances .nMost of her works set in provincial England and well known for their realism and psychological insight. The Characteristics of Eliots Works Writing at the latt
13、er half of the 19th century and closely following the critical realist writers, George Eliot was working at something new. By joining the worlds of inward propensity and outward circumstances and showing them both operating in the lives of her characters, she initiates a new type of realism and sets
14、 into motion a variety of developments, leading in the direction of both the naturalistic and psychological novel. The Characteristics of Eliots Works As a woman of exceptional intelligence and life experience, George Eliot shows a particular concern for the destiny of women, especially those with g
15、reat intelligence, potential and social aspirations. In her mind, the pathetic tragedy of women lies in their very birth. Their inferior education and limited social life determine that they must depend on men for sustenance and realization of their goals , and they have only to fulfill the domestic
16、 duties. Adam Bede亚当亚当贝德贝德 nThe first novel written by George Eliot and was published in 1859. nIt was published pseudonymously, even though Eliot (whose real name was Mary Ann Evans) was a well-published and highly respected scholar of her time. nThe novel has remained in print ever since, and is u
17、sed in university studies of 19th century English literature. Plot Summary of Adam BedenThe storys plot follows four characters rural lives in the fictional community of Hayslopea rural, pastoral and close-knit community in 1799. nThe novel revolves around a love “rectangle” between beautiful but th
18、oughtless Hetty Sorrel;Captain Arthur Donnithorne, the young squire who seduces her; Adam Bede, Hettys unacknowledged lover, and Dinah Morris, Hettys cousin, virtuous and beautiful Methodist lay preacher.Plot Summary of Adam BedenAdam is a local carpenter, in love with Hetty. nHetty is attracted to
19、the local squires grandson and falls in love with him. When Adam interrupts a tryst between them, Adam and Arthur fight. Arthur leaves Hayslop to return to his militia. After he leaves, Hetty discovers she is pregnant. nShe agrees to marry Adam but shortly before their marriage, has second thoughts
20、and leaves in search of Arthur. She cannot find him; unwilling to return to the village and shame her family, she delivers her baby anonymously. She kills the child by abandoning it in a field, where it dies of exposure.Plot Summary of Adam BedenShe is caught and tried for child murder. She is found
21、 guilty and sentenced to hang. When Arthur Donnithorne, on leave from the militia for his grandfathers funeral, hears of her impending execution, he races to the court and has the sentence commuted to transportation.n Ultimately, Adam and Dinah, who has always loved the carpenter, marry and live pea
22、cefully with his family. Major ThemesnHonornLovenNaturenIndustrynMotherhoodnSacrificenFemale identity and autonomy Criticism of Adam BedenIt goes deep into the dark recesses of human nature and sets forth a philosophy of conduct and inexorable retribution for wrong doing. nSet in the countryside of
23、the English Midlands at the start of the 19th century it relates a story of seduction, crime, remorse and suffering. Criticism of Adam BedenThe importance of the Lyrical Ballads to the way Adam Bede is written has often been noted. nLike its model, Adam Bede features minutely detailed empirical and
24、psychological observations about illiterate common folk who, because of their greater proximity to nature than to culture, are taken as emblematic of human nature in its more pure form. Commentsn 1. The plot of Adam Bede is founded on a story of a confession of _.n2.Adam Bede is a novel of _.n3. The theme of _ is blended with the Eliots moralization.childmurderMoral conflictssocial inequality
