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1、Grammar-1-The-Grammar-1-The-past-perfect-passivepast-perfect-passiveBy the end of the match, they had kicked two goals. We had already had lunch before we arrived there.过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻以前过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻以前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，其构已经完成的动作或存在的状态，其构成形式为成形式为“助动词助动词had过去分词过去分词”。nowpastfuture过去完成过去完成现在完成现在完成过去完成时过去完成时
2、表示在过去某个表示在过去某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。时刻之前已经完成的动作。使用过去完成时的几个典型句型：使用过去完成时的几个典型句型： 一、主语过去完成时一、主语过去完成时when引导的从句（注：从句谓语动引导的从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去式）词为过去式） by the time引导的从句（注：从句引导的从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去式）谓语动词为过去式） before引导的从句（注：从句谓语动引导的从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去式）词为过去式） 1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests when he at the party.（MET89
3、） 1. A. left；had arrived 2. B. left；arrived 3. C. had left；had arrived 4. D. had left；arrived 正确答案为正确答案为D。guests先先“离开离开”，Tom后后“到达到达”。 2. We four thousand new words by the end of last year. 1. A. had learned B. have learned 2. C. learned D. will have learned 根据根据by短语中的短语中的last year得知，正确得知，正确选项为选项为A。
4、3. He had already built his own lab by the time he was ten. 到十岁时，他已经建起了自己的实到十岁时，他已经建起了自己的实验室。验室。 4. He had studied English for five years before he came here. 来这儿之前，他已经学过五年英语来这儿之前，他已经学过五年英语了。了。1. By the end of last month, the work had been finished.2. The boy was reminded that his homework had not b
5、een handed in.3. The work was done earlier than it had been planned.4. As soon as their homework had been assigned, they started to do it.5. They left after the door had been locked.The past perfect passiveThe past perfect passive = The past perfect + The passive voice过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式：过去完成时的被动语态有以下
6、三种形式：(1) 肯定结构：肯定结构：主语主语 had been done 其其他成分他成分;(2) 否定结构：否定结构：主语主语 had not been done 其他成分其他成分;(3) 疑问句结构：疑问句结构：had 主语主语 been done 其他成分其他成分;疑问词疑问词 had 主语主语 been done 其他其他成分。成分。当他赶到学校的时候，第一节课已经上完当他赶到学校的时候，第一节课已经上完了。了。By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished.在老师到来之前，教室已经被打扫了。在
7、老师到来之前，教室已经被打扫了。The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came.飓风结束的时候，有多少座大楼被毁坏飓风结束的时候，有多少座大楼被毁坏了。了。How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?在开会之前，这个新计划被讨论过吗？在开会之前，这个新计划被讨论过吗？Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting?据说生产成本已经被降低了。据说生产成本已经被降低了。They said the p
8、roduction costs had been reduced.1. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _. (2007江江苏苏) A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached2. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _ seriously. (2007上上海春海春) A. damaged B. was being damaged C. had damaged D. had been damaged 结束结束
