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1、课件青岛滨海学院课程英语课程英英语课程程 孙敏副教授敏副教授1I. RevisionI. Revision：会：会话英英语的特点及翻的特点及翻译方法方法会话英语的主要特点有以下几点：（1）话题转换快；（2）省略；（3）语言结构相对松散；（4）词汇覆盖面广翻译方法：要求译者尽可能地了解背景知识，弄清说话人的身份以及他们之间的关系，注意说话人的语气，参阅上下文，进行合乎逻辑的分析 2II. New LessonII. New Lessoni. A presentation of the main contents:一新闻标题的翻译1. 新闻标题的结构2. 新闻英语标题的特点3. 新闻英语标题的翻译
2、技巧二新闻报道的翻译1. 新闻报道的结构特点2. 新闻报道的翻译方法3ii. A study of the theory in detail:新闻报道的特点：新闻文体涉及政治、经济、军事、外交、科技、宗教、法律、家庭等各个方面。它强调“纪实性（factualness）,即文章包含了多少 “事实”或 “信息”。因此，新闻报刊可以分为三个层次。第一层次为硬新闻（Pure hard news）,指得是新闻电讯报道，这类新闻纪实性最强，讲究客观事实的报道。第三层次为软新闻（pure soft news，纪实性最弱，娱乐性最强，如社会新闻，杂文小品等。中间层次的各式文章被广泛称为特写（feature a
3、rticles）,如专题报道，采访，人物介绍，每周专文，各类评述或杂议等。 4其文章特点是题材新颖，时效性强，通过派生、附加、合成、拼缀及缩略等产生的新词多。译者必须对当前的国内外时事有深刻的了解，关注事态的发展，才能胜任新闻翻译工作。新闻报道主要是提供信息和进行评论，具有鲜明的阶级性。新闻报道取材广泛，形式活泼，风格不一，词语求新。新闻报道坚持客观、准确和及时的原则。5理论第一第一节 新新闻标题的翻的翻译一、新一、新闻报道的道的结构构二、新二、新闻报道的特点道的特点三、三、新新闻英英语标题的翻的翻译技巧技巧 第二第二节 新新闻报道的翻道的翻译一、新闻报道的结构特点二、新闻报道的翻译方法第三第
4、三节 新新闻报道中某些常用道中某些常用词的翻的翻译一些常用一些常用词的翻的翻译 6第一节 新闻标题的翻译一、新闻标题的结构新闻英语标题的结构：包括短语式标题；句子式标题；省略冠词、连词、动词式标题；标点符号替代式标题1短语式标题（1）中心词（head word）+后置修饰词（post-modifier）Answers for Developing Nations (The Christian Science Monitor)发展中国家的对策（基督教科学箴言报）7A Plan to Tame Population Devil(Washington Post)驯服人口魔鬼的计划（华盛顿邮报）Chi
5、nese Books Exhibited in Paris(Newsweek)中国书展在巴黎（新闻周刊）Measures to curb SARS spread (China Daily)采取措施，遏制“非典”蔓延（中国日报）8（2）前置修饰语+中心词The Color Lines (International Herald Tribune)肤色界线（国际先驱论坛报）2句子式标题（1）完全句（complete sentence）MPs Want Tougher Watchdog (The Thames)议员要求更为严厉的观察员（泰晤士报）US Budget Calls for Dollar D
6、evaluation (WP)美国预算要求美元贬值（华盛顿邮报）9Arafat Walks out of the Jordan Peace Talks(IHT)阿拉法特退出约旦和谈（国际先驱论坛报）（2）非完全句（incomplete sentence）When police hide behind the shield of the law (IHT)警察用法律当盾牌的时候 （国际先驱论坛报）Peking to fire test rocker to South Pacific (The Thames)中国将向南太平洋发射试验导弹（泰晤士报）103常常省略冠词、连词、助动词等Lives Ju
7、st Begun Fell Victim To AIDS (Life) 补进省去的词，则可为：The lives which had just begun fell victims to AIDS. 刚刚开始的生命沦为艾滋病的牺牲品4标点符号的使用（1）常用逗号代替连词andUS Teenagers Work, Spend (New York Times美国青少年借打工来充实自己的腰包（纽约时报）11Chinese, US presidents talk over phone (CD)中美两国元首 交谈（中国日报）（2）常用冒号表示其后的文字是前面的补充、解释，或为了引起读者的注意。 如：Ho
8、t off the Press: Old News (Time)新闻热卖：旧消息（时代周刊）12二新闻英语标题的特点(一)新闻英语标题的词汇主要有以下个特点：1广泛使用名词和简短小词为了节省空间，标题中的虚词（有时包括系动词be）都被省略。剩下的主要是实词，特别是名词。 如：The Population Surprise 公众大为吃惊Wit and Skill win out才智和技巧的胜利132使用“时髦词”“新”是新闻语言的生命，一切新事物、新现象总是首先出现在新闻媒体上，而表达这些新动词的就是“时髦词”，即新词汇。如：e-commerce (电子商务), e-machine （电子机械）
9、, bio-chip（生物芯片）, cyberphobia（恐惧Internet计算机世界的人）, bio-pirate 公开盗版者3使用缩略词和数字缩略词和数字占的空间小，而信息含量大，在新闻标题中出现频繁。如：Charity Gives $1.8M to NYC Schools慈善组织向纽约市区学校捐赠180晚美元。14Study Supports Link Between SIDS and Smoking研究表明婴幼儿突然死亡综合症与吸烟有关（二）新闻英语标题的时态、语态、及修辞特点Oil giant expands further overseas(CD)石油巨商进一步向海外拓展 （中
10、国日报）Court Fines Journalist, 20,000 for Silence (Daily Mirror)新闻记者拒绝向法院提供报道根据，法院课以两万英镑的罚款15Chinese leaders to visit India (CD)中国领导人将将出访印度US hostage to be freed in swap（交换） (SE)美国人质将将在人质交换中获释2常用过去分词表示省略被动句，现在分词表示进行时Military Aircraft Made Available for Evacuation(NYT)军统飞机用语疏散工作（纽约时报）16Danube marches ha
11、lted (The Times)多瑙河游行受阻（泰晤士报）Hundreds missing in storm hit India(CD)暴风袭击印度，数百人失踪3修辞（1）头韵或尾韵Sterling strong (IHT)英镑坚挺Hope of the Weak and the Meek （温顺的） (Newsweek)软弱者和胆小者的希望（2）对比17Best of Times, Worst of Times (Time)美好时代与艰难岁月US wins and loses in Iraqi war (CD)美国在伊拉克战争中的得与失（3）讥讽Democracy of the Big St
12、ick (Newsweek)大棒民主（新闻周刊）（4）俚语使用Big bucks (美元) for IT employees (21st Century)信息行里赚大钱（21世纪报）18（6）比喻Slow lane is safest on currency issue (SE)在货币问题上，走慢车道最安全 （Sunday Express）其中，slow lane 与fast lane 相对，原为公路交通术语，现用来比喻英国政府在欧洲货币联盟问题上硬采取的立场。星期日快报在刊登这条小溪时，还加了一个副标题：Toss A Coin: monetary union remains a two-si
13、ded issue. 其中toss a coin, 原为掷钱币，试其落地时的正反面决定何去何从，这里借来进一步说明英国政府的态度。19 三、新三、新闻英英语标题的翻的翻译技巧技巧1直译或基本直译当英语的表达方式与汉语的基本相同时，可采取直译，既保存原来的风格，又准确传达信息。如：Charity Gives $1.8M to NYC Schools慈善组织向纽约市区学校捐赠180晚美元。Study Supports Link Between SIDS and Smoking研究表明婴幼儿突然死亡综合症与吸烟有关202意译当英文标题比较隐晦难懂，或难以言传的英语文化促会时，译者可以不译原文的标题，
14、而在读懂新闻后自己根据意思总结一个合适的标题。3增词法 根据新闻内容，在标题中增加一些词，使译文意义更加完整。如：MauritusLifes Beach 毛里求斯生活是阳光沙滩The Language Barrier 产品跨国销售中的语言障碍214减词法减词法指减去虚词、代词等以使语言精练，还指减去一些次要信息，以突出主要信息。如：The Battle of Human Versus Computers at Chess 人机象棋大赛5转换语言形式翻译不应拘泥与原文的语言形式。翻译标题时，可以根据情况变被动语态为主动语态，变第三人称为第一人称，变陈述句为疑问句等。226发挥汉语优势利用汉语的优
15、势，在标题中制造出对仗、押韵、成语等效果。如：It Takes Determination to Complete One of the Worlds Toughest Car Rallies (重整旗鼓).只要意志坚，不怕远征难23新新闻报道的翻道的翻译一、新闻报道的结构特点一篇新闻报道，一般包括标题（Title）、导语（Lead）和正文（Body）三部分。实践24二、新二、新闻报道的翻道的翻译方法方法1导语的翻译导语在即时性新闻中必不可少，它决定了读者是否从首句抓住核心内容，从而判断是否继续阅读。一般说来，导语表达明确，叙述直接，语言简练。常见的导语有两种：标签导语（Label Lead）
16、和摘要导语（Summary Lead）。标签导语没有实质性内容，知识正文的前导或过渡，但有一定的格式。如：实践25Beijing, January 1 (Xinhua)The following is the full text of The Peoples Dailys New Year Message:新华社北京1月1日电，今天人民日报发表了新年祝辞，全文如下：摘要导语系内容提要，说明该新闻的要点，以引起读者的注意或兴趣。如 SANDAL OF THE BOGUS REFUGEES80% cheat their way into Britain and the good life.EXCL
17、USIVE by Alfed Lee and Joanna BalesFour out of five asylum seekers flooding into Britain are bogus, a Sunday Express investigation reveals.实践26这是一段署名报道，除标题外，还有副标题以及“专文”（或“独家新闻”）字样，翻译时应该考虑到。假难民的丑闻80的难民靠欺骗手段进入英国，过上好日子艾李，琼贝尔斯专稿星期日快报的一项调查披露，在大量涌入英国寻求避难的人中，4/5是冒充的。2报道正文的翻译根据要求可以全译或编译实践275P: I have got so
18、mething wrong with me. God knows I never felt like this before. If I could only be in bed and lie out flat. Id be all right. I think.S: But what do you think it is?P: You tell me.S: Try and sleep, darling. Lean over, way over, this way, put your head here.P: 我觉得不舒服，以前从没有这样的感觉，恐怕只能在床上好好躺一躺，才会好。 S: 你认
19、为是什么毛病？ P: 我哪里知道。 S：那就躺下睡一觉吧，亲爱的。靠过来，就这样，把头放在这里。实践28（1）全译全译属篇章翻译，要遵守篇章翻译的一般要求，内容移译要正确，句间连接要自然，全篇用词要统一。试译下面一段新闻：实践29 Labors Labors seven seven point point lead lead jolt jolt for for Premier fallsPremier fallsJohn Major let the election cat out of the bag yesterday when he hinted he was planning a Ju
20、ne poll next year.The Premier signaled the way his mind is working after being told of Labors seven per cent lead in the Observer opinion poll. He brushed it aside, declaring: “Well it doesnt matter anywaythere are eight months to go.”(Sunday Express)实践30 工党领先七个百分点对首相的震动 约翰梅杰昨日透露大选秘密，暗示计划明年6月再测民意。梅杰
21、首相是在获悉工党在观察家的民意测验领先7个百分点之后作此暗示的。他以漠然置之的态度宣称：“嗯，没关系，还有八个月呢。”下面一段文字是联合王国一周的天气预报，按时间顺序逐层介绍，文字自然流畅，朴实无华，试译之： 实践31UK OutlookUK OutlookTHERE Will be a change to cooler weather. Monday will be cloudy with some rain in the North and the West but sunshine and showers elsewhere. As a deep depression moves int
22、o northern Scotland on Tuesday rain will spread across all areas with strengthening winds. During Wednesday and Thursday it will be brighter with blustery showers, which could give some snow over Scottish mountains. By then it will be noticeable cooler and fresher in all parts of the country. Furthe
23、r rain and strong winds will continue into the weekend. (Sunday Express, October 13, 1991)实践32 今后一周内，气温将变得更加凉爽。星期一，北部和西部地区阴、有雨，其他地区晴、有阵雨。星期二，随着一股较强的低气压进入苏格兰北部，全国各地将普遍降雨，风力渐强。星期三和星期四，天气将更加晴朗，偶有急风阵雨，苏格兰山区可能有阵雪。全国各地将更加清凉。周末，还将有雨和大风。（1991年10月13日星期日快报）（2）编译报刊上登载的新闻大都经过记者或编辑的选编，原文一字不动地照登者本不多。选编是一个浓缩的过程。新闻
24、工作者有点类似于选编。选编有以下几种做法：实践33 译成标题新闻。这是一种浓缩程度极高的处理方法，可选译报道中的主题句子（Topic Sentence）,亦可选译报道所提供的主要信息。如：Sino-Japanese joint ventures, seven in all, in Nantong, reported profits this year. From January to September, their total output value surpassed 100 million yuan and foreign earnings through export reached
25、 more than 10 million yuan. These figures represent a 60 per cent increase over the same period last year.今年南通市的七家中日合资企业家家赢利（或：南通市的七家中日合资企业产值破亿元大关）。实践34 译成简明新闻。这是一种概括性较强的处理方法，可选择其中主要的、读者可能不叫关心的信息，原报道中的评论或枝节可略译。如：WASHINGTON: Two star stock analysts during the 1990s market boomJack Grubman and Henry B
26、lodgetwere fined and barred for good from the industry, regulators announced on Monday.Grubman, a former top telecommunications analyst at Citigroups arm, paid US $15 million to settle allegations that he produced fraudulent, misleading” research reports.He was permanently barred from the securities
27、 industry.Former Merrill Lynch Internet analyst Lodget paid US $4 million and also was banned for good from the industry.Blodget and Grubman, two of the Wall Street stars seen as having fuelled the market before the dot-com collapse, did not admit or deny the allegations(主张).实践35华盛顿讯 20世纪90年代升起的两颗股评
28、明星杰克格鲁伯曼和亨利布洛杰特日前收到此后不得再从事股评的处罚，并分别课以1500万美元和400万美元的罚款。前者被控发布“欺骗性、误导性”研究报告；后者被控以美林公司的名义发表欺骗性报告，此外还发表； “其观点与私下表示的否定观点不一致的研究报告”。 根据规定字数编译。在遵守有关字数规定的前提下，尽可能多地译出原报道所提供的信息。请将下文编译成160字左右的汉字 实践36Brand need boost abroadBrand need boost abroadCHINA exports billions of dollars worth computers, DVD players, re
29、frigerators, and other consumers goods every year. Still, few Western consumers have heard of Kejian, Legend, TCL, or any Chinese brand except for Tsingtao beer offered at Chinese restaurant. But, that is starting to change. A few of the countrys major manufacturers, pushed by Chinas World Trade Org
30、anization membership, are developing global ambitions. And they are seeking to boost sales and profits by making their names and logos known around the world.The idea is to recreate the success of the Japanese and Koreans, who have built up big brand names with Sony, Samsung and Sanyo.Legend Group,
31、for instance, is Chinas biggest PC maker, but only 7 per cent of its sales are overseas. It now plans a big overseas push, starting in Hong Kong and later moving west. The goal is for international sales to account for 25 per cent of revenues by 2006.实践37中国每年出口数十亿美元的计算机、冰箱等产品，但是像“科健”、“联想”等品牌在西方仍缺乏知音
32、，只有青岛啤酒备受关爱。不过这种情况正在改变。“入世”改变了中国制造商的营销理念。它们正借鉴日韩的成功之道，在世界各地树立自己的品牌。“联想”就是一例：到2006年，它的国际销售将带来的公司收入。实践38第三第三节 新新闻报道中某些常用道中某些常用词的的翻翻译一一些常用词的翻译在新闻报道中，有些词是经常出现的，其用法比较固定，相对而言，也有比较统一的译法。如：1REPORT试翻译下述各句：(1) It is reported that a bomb was found yesterday on board an Air India airliner during a stopover at D
33、elhis International Airport.据报道，昨天在一架途经印度德里国际机场停留的飞机上发现了一枚炸弹。实践39(2) The Time weekly report says American people have become less confident in George Bush because of sluggish(迟缓的) economy.美国时代周刊报道说，由于美国经济发展迟缓，美国人对乔治布什政府越来越缺乏信心。(3) Our staff reported from Washington the American dollar had been deval
34、ued for the fourth time in six months.据我驻华盛顿记者发回的报道，近6个月以来，美元已连续4次贬值。实践40(4) The Sunday Times reported one of the suspects in connection with the attempted murder gave himself up to the police and named the other two who still were at large.星期日时报报道，一名涉及杀人的犯罪嫌疑人已向公安部门投案自首，并供出其他两名在逃犯的名字。2QUOTE对照英汉句子，注
35、意英语句式结构与汉语表达方式的异同。实践41（1）The Times quoted a local resident, who spoke on condition of anonymity, as saying racial tension had been building in the area.泰晤士报援援引引一位不透露姓名为讲话条件的当地具名说，该地的种族紧张状况日趋加剧。（ 2） A 64-year-old grandmother was quoted as saying queuing for food, clothes, detergent (洗 涤 剂 ), and virt
36、ually every other household commodity is a way of life in Romania.记者援引一位64岁的老太太的话说，在罗马尼亚排队购买食物、衣服、洗涤剂以及世纪上其他各种生活用品，已成为家常便饭。实践423 SOURCE (SOURCES)无论单数形式的source 还是复数形式的sources,都通常译为“人士”。如：a reliable source 一位可靠人士a well-informed source 一位消息灵通人士a source who asked to remain anonymous一位要求不披露性命的人士sources c
37、lose to the US Secretary of State接近美国国务卿的人士实践434ACCORDING TO在英语中，有according to 引导的短语一般放在句末，即 post-modifier;担在汉译时，一般置于句首，即pre-modifier.(1)British Prime Minister Tony Blair and Russian President V. Putin had a face-to-face discussion on a wide-range of Iraq-related issues, notably the role of the Unit
38、ed Nation in post-war reconstruction, according to Reuters.(2)据路透社消息，英国首相布莱尔和俄罗斯总统普京就与伊拉克有关的问题，特别是联合国在伊战后重建中的作用，进行了面对面的广泛讨论。实践44（2）British airports are no safer now than they were two years ago, according to a high source of the Department of Transport.据交通部的一位高级人士说，英国的机场不如两年前那样安全了。5. CONFIRM,SAY,SPE
39、AK(1) Sources close to the former Prime Minister confirmed that she would head the anti-federalist Bruges Group, set up by Tory MPs after her speech in Bruges.接近前首相的人士证实，她将领导不鲁日反联盟派。该派是她在布鲁日会议上发表讲话之后，由保守党议员建立的。实践456REVEAL, DISCLOSE这两个词通常译为“披露”。 如：(1) Mr. Simons, Rushdies solicitor, disclosed that Mr
40、. Rushdie had made a 100,000 personal contribution towards the cost of the round-the-clock protection.拉什迪的律师西蒙先生披露，拉什迪先生已拿出10万英镑的个人捐款，作为昼夜保护的费用。实践46(2) A briefcase containing highly sensitive documents about British operations in Saudi Arabia was stolen. It was revealed last night to the press. But
41、no details were provided.一个装有关于英军在沙特阿拉伯行动的极敏感文件的手提箱被盗。此事是昨晚向报界披露的，但没有提供详细情况。7WARNIraq must disarm itself unconditionally and immediately, or be disarmed, warned George W. Bush. 乔治W布什警告说，伊拉克必须立即无条件地解除武装，否则就一定强行解除武装。实践47Part Two 翻译实践练习 实践一践一实践二践二实践三践三48实 践践 一一一、将下列一、将下列标题译成成汉语 二、将下列英文二、将下列英文报刊名称刊名称译成成
42、汉语 三、将三、将20世世纪20大新大新闻译成成汉语 49一、 将下列标题译成汉语：1. Win or lose, they all scored big (CD) 不管输赢与否，她们都将大功告捷2. MPs call time on late nights (EXCLUSIVE,SD) 下院议员要求停止深夜会议。（星期日快报独家新闻）3. Sino-foreign co-op, exchange valuable (CD)中外合作与交流十分重要4. Yeltsin eyes to new Ukraine (SE) 叶利钦承认新乌克兰5. Caught red-handed in know-h
43、ow theft case.(SE) 盗窃技术，当场被捉实践506. Tough law to beat graft on the way (CD) 严厉的反贪污法正在起草中7. Li, Calfa pledge to maintain close ties (CD)李和卡尔法保证继续保持密切联系8. 28 accused of pyramid selling (CD) 28人被控告搞传销9. Year of China to life veil in Paris (CD) 巴黎中国年揭幕在际10. Nailing the big lie (SE) 戳穿弥天大谎实践51二、将下列英文报刊名称译
44、成汉语：1. Businessweek. (商业周刊)2. The Christian Science Monitor (基督科学箴言报)3. Daily Mail (每日邮报)4. Daily Mirror (每日镜报)5. The Economist (经济学家)6. Far Eastern Economic Review (远东经济评论)7. Financial Times（金融时报）实践528. Forbes （福布斯）9. Fortune （财富）10. The Guardian （卫报）11. National Geographic (国家地理)12. The Observer (
45、观察家)13. Punch （笨拙）14. USA Today （今日美国报）15. The Wall Street Journal （华尔街日报）实践53三、将20世纪20大新闻译成汉语：（Editors note: This evaluation of the centurys top news stories is taken from an American perspective. It is not meant to represent the most important events for Chinese readers, but rather provide another
46、 perspective on the 20th century as it draws to a close. 21st-Agencies, March 3,19991. United States drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima, Nagasaki: Japan surrenders to end World War II.(1945) （美国向日本广岛、长崎投下两颗原子弹，日本投降，二战结束）。(1945)实践542. American astronaut Neil Armstrong becomes the first human to walk on
47、the moon. (1969) （美国宇航员尼尔阿姆斯特朗成为人类史上在月球上行走的第一人。）（1969）3. Japan bombs Pearl Harbour; United States enters World War II.(1941) (日本轰炸珍珠港，美国正式介入第二次世界大战。) （1941）4. Wilbur and Orville Wright fly the first powered airplane.（1903）(威尔伯和奥维尔 莱特驾驶第一架机动飞机飞行。（1903）实践555. Women win the vote in the US.(1920) (美 国 妇
48、 女 赢 得 选 举 权)（1920）6. US President John F. Kennedy assassinated in Dallas. (1963) (美国总统F肯尼迪在达拉斯遇刺。) （1963）7. Horrors of Nazi Holocaust, concentration cs exposed. (1945) (纳粹大屠杀和集中营的恐怖大白于天下。) （1945）1. World War I begins in Europe. (1914) (第一次世界大战在欧洲爆发。) （1914）实践562. US Supreme Court ruling in Brown vs
49、. Board of Education case ends “separate but equal” school segregation. (1954) 美国最高法院在布朗状告教育委员会一案中裁决，结束“分 离 但 平 等 ”的 学 校 种 族 隔 离 。(1954)3. US stock market crashes: The Great Depression sets in. (1929).(美国股市大崩盘/暴跌，世界经济大萧条开始。) （1929）4. Alexander Fleming discovers the antibiotic-penicillin. (1928) (，亚历
50、山大 弗莱明首次发明抗生素-盘尼西林。)（ 1928）实践575.Structure of DNA discovered. (1953) (多样核糖核酸的构成被发现)。（1953）6.USSR dissolves, Mikhail Gorbachev resigns: Boris Yeltsin takes over.(1991) (前苏联解体，戈尔巴乔夫辞职，叶利钦上台。)（1991）7.US President Richard M.Nixon resins after Watergate scandal.(1974)（水门事件丑闻曝光，美国总统M理查德尼克松辞职。) (1974)8.Ger
51、many invades Poland: World War II begins in Europe. (1939). (德国入侵波兰，第二次世界大战在欧洲爆发。) （1939）实践589. Russian revolution (The October revolution)ends.(1917) (俄国十月革命结束。)（ 1917）10.Henry Ford organizes the first major US assembly line to produce motor cars.(1913)(亨利福特率先在美国组建汽车生产线。) （1913）11. Soviet launch Sp
52、utnik, first space satellite: space race begins.(1957) (苏联发射第一颗太空卫星-斯普尼克号，太空竞赛开始。) （1957）12. Albert Einstein presents special theory of relativity: general relativity theory to follow.(1905) (阿尔伯特爱因斯坦发表相对论。) （1905）阿尔伯特爱因斯坦提出特殊相对论：普遍相对论相继问世。实践59US Food and Drug Administration approves birth control p
53、ill. (1960)(美国食物和药品管理总署正式批准使用避孕药药丸。) （1960）实践60实践二践二一、汉/英互译英译汉一英译汉二返回61将下列英语译成汉语：1. Washington, December 2 (Xinhua)resident George Bushs approval rating with Americans has fallen below 50 per cent for the first time since he took office, according to a poll released on Saturday by Time magazine. The
54、 poll of 500 Americans conducted on November 26 found Bushs popularity at 46 per cent. Bushs rating was as high as 91 per cent in some polls during the January-February Gulf War but has steadily declined because of the countrys economic recession.提示：approval rating 赞成率take office 就职conduct a poll 进行
55、民意测验release a poll 公布民意测验结果fall below 50 per cent 下降到50%一下be as high as 91 per cent 高达91%实践62新华社华盛顿12月2日电 据星期六时代周刊公布的民意测验结果，美国人对布什的赞成率自其就任总统以来首次下降到50%以下。11月26日在500名美国人中进行了测验，支持布什的占46%。在1-2月海湾战争期间进行的几次民意测验中，布什的赞成率高达91%，但随后由于国内经济的衰退而不断下降。实践632. Greatest minds of the 20th century New York-The Wright Br
56、others, whose flying machine made the world a smaller place, and Albert Einstein, whose theory of relativity expanded our view of the universe, are among Time magazines picks as the 20th centurys greatest minds.Time singled out 24 men and women responsible for scientific breakthroughs, inventions an
57、d innovations that led to such things as the atomic bomb, the airplane, televisions and the World Wide Web.Einstein was the greatest theorist, said the magazine which hit newsstands last week.实践64Einstein “discovered, just by thinking about it, the essential nature of the universe,” it said.Among ot
58、hers on the list, the Wright brothers combined Leonardo da Vincis vision of a flying machine with modern science to take man into the air with powered flight, Time said.“Often it was hard to pick one person to credit for a particular advance,” wrote Walter Isaacson, Times managing editor.实践65Some ca
59、ses, for exle, involved rivalries such as the competition between Philo Farnsworth and Vladimir Zworykin to invent the television. The magazine picked Farnsworth.Times great minds list also includes chemist Leo Baekeland, who helped found the modern plastics industry; Tim Berners-Lee, the pioneer of
60、 the Internets World Wide Web; environmental activist Rachel Carson; Atomic physicist Enrico Fermi; bacteriologist Alexander Fleming; psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, and rocket scientist Robert Goddard.实践66Also chosen were mathematician Kurt Godel; Edwin Hubble, who discovered the first hinds that the
61、universe began with a Big Bang and philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein.20 20 世世纪最有才智的人士最有才智的人士纽约电 在时代周刊遴选的20世纪最有才智的人中，有莱特兄弟和阿尔伯特 爱因斯坦。莱特兄弟的航空机缩小了整个地球，而爱因斯坦的相对论则拓宽了我们的宇宙观。时代周刊挑选的男女科学家共24位，他（她）们在科学上的突破、发明和创新带来了原子弹、飞机、电视和万维网等。实践67这家上星期轰动报刊书摊的杂志说，爱因斯坦是最伟大的理论家，又说，爱因斯坦“仅凭借对宇宙的思考就发现了宇宙的本质”。周刊说，名单中的莱特兄弟将达 芬奇关于航
62、空机的幻想与现代科学结合起来，通过动力飞行吧人类送入天空。“要挑选出一个在某一特定领域领先的人常常很困难，”周刊总裁瓦尔特 伊萨克森写道。譬如，有些情况实难定夺，电视的发明者菲洛 法恩斯沃恩和弗拉基米尔 兹瓦里金之间的竞争就是如此，最后中选的是法恩斯沃恩。名单还包括帮助建立起现代塑料工业的化学家里奥贝克兰，万维网的先驱蒂姆 伯尔尼斯李，环境保护活动家蕾切尔卡森，原子物理学家恩里科弗米，实践68细菌学家亚历山大弗莱明，心理分析家西格蒙德弗洛伊德及火箭科学家罗伯特戈达德。此外，还有数学家库尔特戈德尔，第一个发现宇宙始于“大爆炸理论”的埃德温哈伯，以及哲学家路德维希维特根斯坦。 实践69翻译下列句子
63、，特别注意： end in smoke, carry the house, top-secret, ranging from slight to severe 等词的使用和译法：1./It is learnt that this round of Middle East talks has ended in smoke. 据悉，此轮中东谈判毫无结果。2. The Beijing Acrobatic Troupes excellent performance carries the house here each night, reported our correspondent from Ne
64、w York.本报记者自纽约报道，北京杂技团在这里的精彩表演，常常赢得满堂喝彩。返回实践三703. It is reliable reported that Israel will not allow President Bush to stop its top-secret military flights over Iraq.据可靠消息，以色列不允许布什总统组织她的绝密军用飞机在伊拉克上空飞行。4. Fires broke out around 3 on Thursday and caused damages ranging from slight to severe at three s
65、hops in Londons West End, and at a fourth store, a furniture warehouse in North London, police said.据警方说星期四凌晨3时左右发生了几起火灾，伦敦西区的三家商店和伦敦被误的一家家具店遭受了轻重不等的破坏。实践715. The Labor Department reveals that unemployment in the United States has risen to its highest point in 42 years.据劳工部透露，美国失业人数已经增至42年来的最高峰。6. A
66、 well-informed source says that his fortune has been nasdaqed.一位消息灵通人士说，他的财富已消失殆尽。7. A committed of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries reportedly has proposed an increase in the price of oil produced in some African countries.据报，石油输出国组织的一个委员会提议，提高非洲一些国家所产石油的价格。实践728. At least 52 perso
67、ns, most of them children, were killed Saturday in a bus accident in the central part of France. It was revealed last night to the press.在法国中部星期六发生的一起车祸中，至少有53人丧生。他们当中大多数是儿童。这番话是昨晚向报界披露的9. A top official confirmed that Chinas economy is growing faster than expected because of the governments new eco
68、nomic program.一位高级官员证实，由于中国政府新经济纲要的实施，中国经济的增长的速度不预想的更快。10. Japanese news reports say Japan plans to lower import taxes by about 5% on more than 1,000 products.据日本新闻报道说, 日本计划将1000余种产品的进口税降低5%。实践7311. Sources close to the Department of State say that the United States has ordered two Cuban diplomats t
69、o leave the country.接近美国国务卿的人士说，美国已勒令两名古巴外交人员离开美国。12. An official from the Department of Energy was quoted as saying work crews are trying to clean up a large oil spill in the western state of Wyoming.记者援引能源部的一位官员说，工作人员正在试图清理西部怀俄明州大面积的石油遗漏。实践7415. German Chancellor Hermut Kohl is to say a 3-day offi
70、cial visit to China beginning on Nov.15, says China International Broadcasting Station.中国国际广播电台消息：德国政府总理科尔将于11月15日开始对中国进行为期五天的正式访问。16. Government mediation efforts failed tonight to avert a transport strike which will halt deliveries of oil, and bring Swedens widespread labour stoppages closer to a
71、national economic breakdown.政府为防止一场运输工人罢工所作出的努力昨晚归于失败，这场罢工将不仅使石油运输陷于瘫痪，而且使瑞典广泛的罢工演变为国民经济的崩溃。实践7517. Rome, March 26-Pope John Paul II announced today that he would “pay homage” to all Africa with an 11-day visit to six countries there beginning May 2.罗马3月26日电：罗马教皇约翰保罗二世今天宣布说，他将于5月2日开始为期11天的非洲6国访问，向整个
72、非洲 “表示敬意”。The economic elite of Brazil is being forced to lend money to the Treasury at 6-percent annual interest over two years.巴西的经济名流被迫向财政部提供两年期贷款，年息为6%。实践7619. China will fire an intercontinental delivery rocket in a test launch aimed at the South Pacific, Mr. Robert Muldoon, the Prime Minister,
73、 said today.首相罗伯特马尔登先生今天说，中国将向南太平洋地区发射一枚洲际运载火箭。20.A big police hunt was started in South Wales yesterday after a fire bomb has been discovered outside the rear window of the Fairwater Conservative Club, in Cardiff.一枚燃烧弹在加大夫费尔沃特保守党俱乐部的后窗户外被发现，警察于昨天在南威尔士展开了一场大规模的搜捕活动。实践77III. Summary 总结一英语新闻标题的常见结构及其翻
74、译方法：1. 新闻英语标题结构的特点：广泛使用名词和简短小词;使用“时髦词”; 使用缩略词和数字2. 新闻英语标题的时态、语态、及修辞特点: 常用一般现在时代替过去时，用动词不定式代替将来可能发生的事; 常用过去分词表示省略被动句，现在分词表示进行时; 广泛使用修辞。 如头韵或尾韵，对比，讽刺，俚语的使用，新词的使用。翻译方法：直译或基本直译；意译；增词；减词；转换语言形式；发挥汉语优势78二新闻报道的结构特点及翻译方法： 一篇新闻报道，一般包括（Title）、导语（Lead）和正文（Body）三部分。翻译方法：全译；编译79IV. Consolidation 巩固参读书目：1. 汉翻译基础教程（穆雷）第十六单元 常见文体翻译（新闻翻译）P2502. 英汉翻译教程（杨士焯）第六章 第一节 报刊语篇的翻译 P18880 谢谢使用！使用！81
