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1、纯净物纯净物 分离分离 除去除去 纯净物纯净物 除杂除杂 第一章从实验学化学Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.用于干燥或吸收某些气体，干燥剂为粒状，常用CaCl2、碱石灰 (1)注意干燥剂或吸收剂的选择(2)一般为 进气，_出气 蒸发浓缩、结晶 可直接加热，浓缩蒸发时要用玻璃棒搅拌，玻璃棒的作用为_大口大口小口小口搅拌，以免液体局部过搅拌，以免液体局部过热，致使液滴飞溅出来热，致使液滴飞溅出来 Eval
2、uation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.方法、装置 适用范围 注意事项 把不溶性_进行分离 (1)一贴： 紧贴漏斗内壁；二低：滤纸低于_，液面低于滤纸边缘；三靠：烧杯紧靠_，玻璃棒轻靠_处，漏斗下端紧靠_(2)若滤液浑浊，需_滤纸滤纸漏斗漏斗边缘边缘玻璃棒玻璃棒三层滤纸一侧三层滤纸一侧烧杯内壁烧杯内壁固体和溶固体和溶液液重新过滤重新过滤Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slide
3、s for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.溶解度随温度变化较小物质 (1)玻璃棒的作用：搅拌，防止液体局部温度过高造成飞溅(2)当接近蒸干时，停止加热，用余热蒸干 (1)萃取：利用溶质在互不相溶的溶剂里的溶解度不同，用一种溶剂把溶质从它与另一种溶剂组成的溶液里提取出来(2)分液：两种液体互不相溶且易分层 (1)溶质在萃取剂中的溶解度比在原溶剂中_(2)萃取剂与原溶剂_(3)萃取剂与溶质_大大不不互溶互溶不反不反应应Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Sli
4、des for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 相差较大的液体混合物 (1)温度计的水银球放在蒸馏烧瓶的 处(2)蒸馏烧瓶内要加_(3)冷凝管水流方向应为“ ” 某种组分易升华的混合物，利用物质升华的性质在加热条件下分离的方法 应与物质的分解变化区分，如NH4Cl NH3HClNH3HCl NH4Cl 支管口支管口沸石沸石下进上出下进上出遇冷遇冷沸点沸点Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile
5、 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.科目一考试 http:/ 2016年科目一模拟考试题科目二考试 http:/ 2016年科目二考试技巧、考试内容、考试视频Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Co
6、pyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Sli
7、des for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty L
8、td.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profil
9、e 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2 2常见物质除杂方法常见物质除杂方法原物质所含杂质除杂物质主要操作方法N2O2灼热的铜网用固体转化气体CO2H2SCuSO4溶液洗气COCO2NaOH溶液洗气CO2CO灼热CuO用固体转化气体CO2HCl饱和NaHCO3溶液洗气Evaluation only.Created wi
10、th Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.H2SHCl饱和NaHS溶液洗气SO2HCl饱和NaHSO3溶液洗气Cl2HCl饱和食盐水洗气CO2SO2饱和NaHCO3溶液洗气CMnO2浓盐酸(需要加热)过滤MnO2C加热灼烧Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.CCuO稀酸(如
11、稀盐酸)过滤Al(OH)3Fe2O3NaOH溶液、CO2过滤Fe2O3Al2O3NaOH溶液过滤Al(OH)3SiO2盐酸、氨水过滤SiO2ZnOHCl溶液过滤BaSO4BaCO3盐酸或稀硫酸过滤NaHCO3溶液Na2CO3CO2加酸转化法Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.加加热升化升化I I2 2晶体晶体NaClNaCl过滤稀稀盐酸酸FeSFeSCuSCuS吸附吸附磁磁铁FeFeCuOCuO加加还原原
12、剂转化法化法FeFeFeClFeCl3 3FeClFeCl2 2溶液溶液过滤 Fe Fe、ClCl2 2CuClCuCl2 2FeClFeCl3 3溶液溶液加氧化加氧化剂转化法化法ClCl2 2FeClFeCl2 2FeClFeCl3 3溶液溶液加酸加酸转化法化法HClHClNaHCONaHCO3 3 NaCl NaCl溶液溶液Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.NaCl晶体 NH4Cl 加热分解 KNO
13、3晶体 NaCl 蒸馏水 重结晶、过滤 乙烯 SO2 碱石灰 用固体转化气体 乙烷 C2H4 溴的四氯化碳溶液 洗气 溴苯 Br2 NaOH稀溶液 分液 甲苯 苯酚 NaOH溶液 分液 乙醇 水(少量) 新制 CaO 蒸馏 苯酚 苯 NaOH溶液、CO2 分液 Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5
14、 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.固固固固 加加热热 升华法例如：升华法例如：NaCl和和I2的分离的分离 分解法例如：除去分解法例如：除去Na2CO3中混有的中混有的NaHCO3 固体固体 氧化法例如：除去氧化铜中混有的铜氧化法例如：除去氧化铜中混有的铜 加加水水 结晶法结晶法(互溶互
15、溶)例如：例如：KNO3和和NaCl的分离的分离 过滤法过滤法(不互溶不互溶)例如：粗盐提纯例如：粗盐提纯 其他其他特殊法例如：特殊法例如：FeS和和Fe的分离可用磁铁的分离可用磁铁 吸附分离吸附分离 Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.固固液液 互溶互溶 萃取法例如：海带中碘元素的分离萃取法例如：海带中碘元素的分离 蒸发蒸发 例如：从食盐水中制得食盐例如：从食盐水中制得食盐 蒸馏法例如：用自来水制蒸馏水
16、蒸馏法例如：用自来水制蒸馏水 不互溶不互溶过滤法例如：将过滤法例如：将NaCl晶体从其晶体从其 饱和溶液中分离出来饱和溶液中分离出来 Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.液液液液 互溶互溶蒸馏法例如：酒精和水、苯和硝基苯、蒸馏法例如：酒精和水、苯和硝基苯、 汽油和煤油等的分离汽油和煤油等的分离 不互溶分液法例如：不互溶分液法例如：CClCCl4 4和水的分离和水的分离 气气气气 洗气法例如：除去洗气法例如
17、：除去ClCl2 2中的中的HClHCl，可通过盛有，可通过盛有 饱和食盐水的洗气瓶饱和食盐水的洗气瓶 其他法例如：除去其他法例如：除去COCO2 2中的中的COCO，可通过灼热，可通过灼热 的的CuOCuO Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Co
18、pyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Sli
19、des for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty L
20、td.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.阳离子Na、Ba2、Fe2阴离子SO 、NO 、ClEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides
21、for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.E
22、valuation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile
23、5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with
24、Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.物质沸点()密度(g/cm3，20)溶解性环己醇161.1(97.8)*0.962 4能溶于水环己酮155.6(95)*0.947 8微溶于水水100.00.998 2Evaluation only.C
25、reated with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.
