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1、Connective tissue20140408 General featureslsmall number of cells and large amount of extracellular ground substancelno polaritylvascularizedloriginate from mesenchyme（间充质）（间充质）-embryonic CTlFunction: connection, supporting, protecting, nutrition, defence and repairing Mesenchyme（间充质）（间充质）-mesenchyma
2、l cell: Structure:ustellate in shaped with processesua large nucleus,with clear nucleolususlight basophilic cytoplasm Function:u undifferentiated cellu multiple developmental potential CT cell, SM and endothelial cell-matrix Classification -CT in narrow sense means connetive tissue proper （固固有有结结缔缔组
3、组织织）which include loose CT, dense CT, adipose T and reticular tissue -CT in wide sense includes cartilage(软骨), bone and bloodcartilage boneblood uFeatures: more types of cells, less fibersuFunctions: connection, supporting, defence and repairinguconsists of cells, fiber and ground substanceLoose con
4、nective tissue （疏松结缔组织）（疏松结缔组织） (areolar tissue) Fibers1. Collagenous fibers（胶原纤维）2. Elastic fibers（弹性纤维）3. Reticular fibers（网状纤维） LM: u1-20 um in diameteruBelt-liked wave and branch to form a networkuEosinophilicCollagenous fiber（胶原纤维）（胶原纤维） (white fiber)EM: parallel-arranged fibrilsFibril（原纤维）: l2
5、0-200nm in diameterlHave periodic cross striation at 64-70nm intervalLM: lthinner and less, 0.2-1.0 umlSlight red (HE) branch and form a network EM: lcore: elastin-low electron densitylPeripheral: microfibril (微原纤维微原纤维)10-12 nm, electron dense fibrillin(原纤维蛋白原纤维蛋白)Elastic fiber （弹性纤维）（弹性纤维）(yellow f
6、iber)LM: lthin and less,0.2-1.0 um in diameter, branch to form networklArgyrophilic fiber (silver impregnation method)EM: ltype III collagenl64nm cross striationDistribution: lreticular tissuelconnecting portion, e.g.reticular laminaReticular fiber（网状纤维）（网状纤维）Ground substance（基质）（基质）-amorphous collo
7、idal substance-consists of proteoglycan（蛋白多糖）, glycoprotein（糖蛋白） and tissue fluidProteoglycan（蛋蛋白白多多糖糖）-large molecular complex-glycosaminoglycans（糖胺多糖）（糖胺多糖）lchondroitin sulfate（硫酸软骨素）（硫酸软骨素）lkeratin sulfate（硫酸角质素）（硫酸角质素）lheparan sulfate（硫酸乙酰肝素）（硫酸乙酰肝素）lhyaluronic acid（透透明明质质酸酸）: 2.5um long-protein
8、 *molecular sieve (分子筛) Glycoprotein（糖蛋白）（糖蛋白）: proteins-fibronectin (纤维粘连蛋白纤维粘连蛋白)-laminin (层粘连蛋白层粘连蛋白)-chondronectin (软骨粘连蛋白软骨粘连蛋白)-Function: uConnectionuaffect the differentiation and movement of cells tissue fluid （组织液） tissue artery Tissue fluid vein (lymphatic vessel) cellslDehydration（脱水）lEde
9、ma（水肿）Molecular sieve (分子筛)Function:1.Provides mechanical and structural support for metabolism2.Influences extracellular communication3.Limitation of inflammationCells ResidentFibroblasts (Fibrocytes)（成纤维细胞）（成纤维细胞） Macrophages (Histiocytes)（巨噬细胞）（巨噬细胞）Plasma cells（浆细胞）（浆细胞）Mast cells（肥大细胞）（肥大细胞） Ad
10、ipocytes（脂肪细胞）Stem Cells（干细胞） (committed but not differentiated)TransientNucleated Blood Cells (Lymphocytes, Plasma Cells, Eosinophils- others occasionally) -Structure: LM: uLarge,flattened cell with processes- stellate in shapeduLarge ovoid pale nucleus-contain more fine chromatin, with clear one-t
11、wo nucleoliuWeakly basophilic cytoplasm-homogeneous Fibroblast（成纤维细胞）（成纤维细胞）EM:urich in RER, Golgi apparatus and free ribosomeFunction: synthesize fibers and ground substance Three steps: a.synthesis of procollagen (RER) process(Golgi) out of cell b.procollagen tropocollagen fibril c.fibril collagen
12、ous fiberSynthesis of collagenous fiber(前胶原蛋白)(原胶原蛋白)(胶原原纤维)Fibrocyte (纤维细胞纤维细胞): inactive fibroblast-Structure: lspindle-shaped, smalllN:small,dark stained lAcidophilic cytoplasmalEM: less organelles-Function: become into fibroblast for repairingFrom monocytes-Structure:LM:lround or ovoid-irregular
13、 in shape， short blunt processes pseudopodium(伪足)lSmall and dark nucleuslAcidophilic cytoplasm Macrophage (巨噬细胞巨噬细胞) EM: rich in lLysosome (primary, secondary)lPhagosome(吞噬体吞噬体) phagocytosis and pinosome (吞饮小泡吞饮小泡)pinocytosislRemnantlMicrofilament and microtubulelMitochondria-Function:u Chemotaxis:
14、chemotactic factoru Phagocytosis:1) Special phagocytosis: recognize bacterium, virus and foreign cell2) non special: carbon particles, dust and dead cellsu Secretion: lysozyme, complement and interleukin-I (IL-1)and interferon(IFN)u Antigen presenting function Mature B lymphocyte-structure: LM:lroun
15、d or ovoidlRound eccentrically-located nucleus with more spot-liked heterochromatinlBasophilic cytoplasm Plasma cell（浆细胞）（浆细胞）EM: RER, free ribosome and Golgi complexFunction:u synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin, Ig-antibody-structure: LM:lround and large celllSmall dark-stained nucleuslBasophili
16、c secreting granules Metachromatic 异染性Mast cell（肥大细胞）（肥大细胞）Basophilic secreting granules: uheparin: an anticoagulant uHistamine: cause cap. permeability, cap. leakage to form edema and contraction of SMuEosinophil chemotactic factorCytoplasm contain:lslow reaction substance-Function: involved in all
17、ergic reactionFat cell-structure:ularge, round or polygonaluflattened ovoid nucleus located on one side of celluthin layer of cytoplasm ua large lipid droplet -function: synthesize and store fatMesenchymal cellusimilar to fibrocyteumultidifferentiating potentialLeukocytes: neutrophil, acidophil and
18、lymphocyte Dense connective tissue（致密结缔组织）（致密结缔组织）-more fiber-connection and supporting1) Regular DCT: u parallelly-arranged collagenous fibersuspecial fibroblast wing-liked processes-Distribution: tendons, ligament, cornea2) Irregular DCT: uFiber arranged in bundles, running in different directionu
19、Fibroblastuless ground substance-Distribution: dermis, sclera,capsule of some organs Adipose tissue（脂肪组织）（脂肪组织）-LCT+fat cells-White fat T: lsingle fat celllDistribution: subcutaneous tissue, mesenterium-Brown fat T: lfat cell contain many small lipid droplets,lrich in large mitochondrialcentrally-lo
20、cated nucleuslrich in cap.lDistribution: newborn baby Reticular tissue（网状组织）（网状组织）-Reticular cells + Reticular fiber + Stroma -Reticular cells: uIrregular with processes-form networkuround, ovoid and pale nucleus with 1-2 nucleoliuEM: rich in RER-Reticular fiber: connect to form network-Distribution: hemopoietic tissue and lymphatic tissueTHE END!
