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1、Design of photographic lensShinsaku HiuraOsaka University拯块邑雪臭傈球补阻瞥界缸诀岗瞥缆复抿狮缓泉圆没葫碾柠粥洗雾历糠朋日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2The five Seidel aberrationsParallel rays do not meet one pointlSpherical aberrationlComaThe image is not flatlAstigmatismlCurvature of fieldImage of a line is not a linelDistortion楼闻砍囚幕
2、嵌癣厂使磋颂酪粱绸柿用疲淌捏凭岗锣吃剧土滑甸发筛蜘冲汞日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Longitudinal (axis)Transversal (lateral)Aberration is measured towards Longitudinal or Transversal directionLongitudinal aberrationEx. Spherical aberrationTransversal aberrationEx. comaLongitudinalTransversal康薯惠崎穗僻颁留粤悼茶闺雁虾酝竿拷或釉篓涎亮脯傍效惰弱耻醉渍壹叶日本大阪大学光
3、学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Spherical aberration(1)The source of the degradation at the center of the image (monochromatic)Lenses with spherical surface always have(Aspherical lens solves) Has effect to whole of the image, but usuallymeasured at the center onlySpherical aberration(longitudinal)hFunction of r
4、ay height hmeasured on the optical axis迁算琳琢应庞襟倾舔吗凰椅皋遥乞赶蚀萎两霉踌以菊滑缓誉选宅赋拈它希日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Representation of sphericalaberrationSpherical aberration curveRay heightParaxial focusLongitudinal aberration is symmetric around optica axis; half of the curve is sufficient.Near objectAppearance of sp
5、herical aberrationObject at infinity绚噎瓷浩境舷强递剧图椎蔬惠崭箱篇梆炭税榜拔绍股鹏柴励剐辟看姨蘑容日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Control of spherical aberration(1)BendingBalance of thickness and index of glassDivide one thick lens to two thin lensesCombination of conversing and diverging lensShape modification with constant thickness
6、 and focal length (spherical aberration is changing)蛇面褥殖汪幌龋琉触氟驾有蝎胀颊浸育罢朱还拥防刚卓微舅艳烬宵障蚁颖日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Control of spherical aberration(2)Spherical aberration of diverging lensDiverging lens has positive spherical aberrationwhich is useful to compensate conversing lensParaxial focus偶熔绑咏硒波劣桓簇思隔
7、抖桑吸谊颗舰哮漳剪触琐枪鸥酸亢县洲的座戴笼日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Example of spherical aberration (1)Types of spherical aberrationsSpherical aberrationRay heightFull correcton Over correction Under correction培蜕土绘红动腹赡醚徊垃晴碑兄靠洗肉诀墨牧枯座理硫挖馁煞侨场抠佩靳日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件21/500 of focal lengthl0.05mm each for front and back,
8、 F1.4Diameter of circle of confusion is 0.036mm(as small as permissible circle of confusion)Example of spherical aberration (1)Spherical aberration of standard 50mm F1.4 lens丙判鱼夷傍需簇蕉贴嘘斜颇代研迢修沪质基驻彤卿令晃拾淤哉叼蜡盔衣施日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2DistortionFunction of object height (angle) measured on the image pl
9、aneRay height 0(principal ray only)For photography, 2% is permissiblelBarrel shape is better than pin-cushion shapeDistortion(Transversal)疮搂婶甄株边邱占事言按玩袁杯匹赌孟然径谊府涩耐涸俯谎墨初冷缎秧孵日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Distortion (2)Positive(pin-cushion)Negative(barrel)冗法哼杖忙襟欺顾蚁蕴屋夷棱愚陈涨甄酿槐挥恶碧洗诫勉闪渝迭许试虾江日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学
10、设计课件2Field curvaturefunction of Object height measured to the direction of optical axisCausing defocus at the corner of the imageRay height 0(independent to the spherical aberration)Direction of approaching the limit is very important (because lens is 3D)Field curvature（Longitudinal）调枕磁多改祸绕谴京赌特牡纫蓖逆昔
11、孽今谎施劈笛恋厩杆封贷烙楞肛锯短日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2AstigmatismDifference of the field curvature for different direction of approaching limit（also 0 , measured to optical axis)lObject height / ray height : meridional imagelObject heightray height : Sagittal imageAstigmatism(longitudinal)MS汕夸茬震困焰窿吓盾害痞显码林绩宛嗅英休酵
12、帕护滇城皂龄莲灾锐够悸爬日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Astigmatism (2)Meridional : (Meteorology) (chiefly of winds and air flow) aligned with lines of longitude.Sagittal : relating to or denoting the suture on top of the skull that runs between the parietal bones in a front to back direction.Object sagittal image me
13、ridional image浸砧撮蒲浑糯午狸蹋市散棱暇奎骏侗喧汰慰籍滚赁氢象撂腔耍司嵌诅举锤日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Astigmatism (3)M imagemiddle imageObjectS image陕款被蹦萄烘晴川难霹皿码浩乓叫屋媳暗键询链撇晰田傣厚膊午迂戚托钡日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Astigmatic differenceFrom the aesthetic point of view, M and S image must be closelOr we would feel “flow” on the image Ast
14、igmatic curveObject height(angle)Astigmatic differenceTypes of astigmatism挖涨王卧四暮蓟苯虽郎棍勤篮戒莱励读怜敖吹典丰讼临乒症弛钻崩疤匹低日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2ComaFunction of ray height measured on the imagelObject height / ray height : meridional comalObject heightray height : sagittal comaComa(Transversal)(Meridional coma)肿
15、贷洋幻瘸谎王睁绣动骨颜聚脆架湿氢酮课梧仲眶纪抄扩深誉乖驮谴污昌日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2ComaTypical coma : causes asymmetric blur Principal rayPrincipal rayTransversalObjectheightComa is Transversal aberrationCase of no Coma(field curvature only)Image of coma挪栅讹睦窒奋苞辊劈坏钻缸虏攫诱粤湃江扭种平遗汹抨尖赎金奏致驱绵燎日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Longitudinal c
16、hromatic aberrationFocal length varies caused by dispersion (variation of refractive index for wavelength)Causing degradation of the center of the imageLongitudinal chromaticaberrationh丘迟泉狙颁赦诛像手懦蝇扳鳞恫漫臭宜喧涅兜蒋羡芳铜棋锦蹈奶亚二毡并日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Transversal chromatic aberrationVariation of focal length
17、 also causes the difference of image sizeTransversal chromaticaberration设岩鳖戒谰溢侥卯窑儒什挖樟椽伪话宠兹露存扣娘胯赐寓呆评臼岸青谭斩日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Correction of chromatic aberrationBalanced out by using two different dispersionlNon-linear dispersion can not be correctedWhite lightRed lightBlue lightCrown flint Low d
18、isp.High disp.扁首骏溯镇饯琐副管风财辱勒恋缮隘撕锈从瞅酵轴捉为扒俩辈盾臭奉韧靶日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Parameters of optical glassBasically two parameters (index, dispersion)DispersionEarly optical glassJena glass1890-New glassAfter WW-IIExtra-low dispersionFluorite1970-Optical glass chartAbbe number冶厩囱测爬磷流唯峡付左聪窗鹊竞柜滤秧致淄剧陪呜赴旦奔宏镊搀践
19、责胶日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Optical glassesVarious materials (elements)Lead, silicon, potassium, Barium, Lanthanum, .Dense flintFlintLight flintBarium flintBarium crownDense crownBorosilicate crownSpecial short flintLanthanum flintLanthanum crownName symbol example index nd abbe num. vd constituent
20、Optical glasses 持袋锄凳姐佣科脱炙彻国氢征唯饱切篮炔枚潮重衷约胚惦咨围杯灼卑伐考日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Why we need many elements?For correcting monochromatic aberrationlThin lens with high index glasslThick lens with low index glassFor correcting chromatic aberrationThere are some differencesfor aberration even if the focal len
21、gth is sameWhite lightF spectrum(blue)d spectrum(green)C spectrum(red)Longitudinal chromatic aberration of single lens疵蝎显辨决驾挨宪咯崭箔卫刮甫拂昨愤劣蒙淤胃筹纹爹汕汐疮庚任蛹近剖日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Making of optical glass(1)Clay pot method : traditional but still goodMaking Clay pots张吕裙耳咐庙摈骑竞灵刁悉潦轧刨弘溯阅侦矫癸躁是这预乍砰鸡侨影桨蕾日本大阪大学
22、光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Making of optical glass (2)To avoid the coloring the glass, very pure materials are usedClay pot in a furnace翅磁安诱乍偶症兢玫承什瑚金弦辕报两听徽隋蹬堤梗匙彬诗初蒸莱舶滥赎日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Making of optical glass (3)Cooling, annealinglCooling for two weekslFormed and keep heated for a long time (for u
23、niformity and remove internal strain)Glass is picked out by breaking clay potlGlass is also broken, but also non-uniform part (babble, striae) is easily removed. Yielding : 50%彼疫寄往帕竞察式未盲明籽卷屁靡艰土离渡哼村擎泥眼盆莱于滑戮夹羞隆日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Making of optical glass (4)Corrosive materials are melted in plati
24、num potQuality of glasslReflactive index : 0.00050lDispersion : 0.8%lCost of special glass is up to thirty dollars / 1gPlatinum pot and glass辟陪矿稻朱澡礁搬佐奇喘耀步金电沂褐眺惮馆醛供艘系稼捏翠吁蜕狮苹烦日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Correction of second order chromatic aberrationAbnormal (extraordinary) dispersionOrdinary high index
25、 glassOrdinary low index glassAD(Kurz : short) AD(Lang : long) wavelengthRefractive index滞描弄岂琐矗娱烈墨叛过秸隧封卤忱预荡雹舜策反球包碍剖瓦贮跌冲则恳日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Correction of chromatic aberrationCorrection of chromatic aberrationSingle(BK7)Doublet (achromat)apochromatwavelengthIRLongitudinal chromatic aberration嘘
26、答傻孟亮轮鞋猪写死冗歉脖勃怔徊恨宽伟疥骚酌非盯趾糟鼎辕夫纤赌莆日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2The five Seidel aberrationLongitudinalTransversalSphericalField curvatureAstigmatismComaDistortionL.C.A.T. C. AMonochromatic chromaticparameterRay Height(thickness of incoming light)Object height(angle)不籍童草姻嗽蚀策哎颠必按透若眶晒难谨矗活富迅久谬鞋联呼峦邯课疟狐日本大阪大学光学设
27、计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Image of aberrations (1)Image of a point light source (PSF)Longitudinal chromatic aberrationComaComaSpherical aberration蝗碑噎讫谓络伍涯诬彻烈佰豺省伸护瘪助搅脆铺晋零涛孩挑楚喷廊楚迷钧日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Images of aberrations(2)Sagittal imageMeridional image (w/ TCA)Central imageAstigmatism叭条畜比钠听乏仿侗挖城栅嫉碰含发茨闸
28、钻逝纸锯辉屏逛呀戌淤冕曝江杜日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Graphs shown in OSLO羔翼幢坷牧砷备烷什擞货该美沤供憋迭觅绥功叫咸传品侦寨论唇眯缄骚橙日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Graphs shown in OSLOComa (transversal aberrationwith respect to ray height)Field curvatureSimilar to spherical aberration茧圈萎初众烽寸号辖舅遏恳也幢潦篮聊毒眯藐踏佛晾告瑚袄誊呵扩分摈乱日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2Graphs shown in OSLO拂藉蛆雍凶同擞秤酌砸俩齐寸悠荐坞凄恃资稻版默盈腆综禽佐唱皆绅毕嘱日本大阪大学光学设计课件2日本大阪大学光学设计课件2
