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1、VIRAL ZOONOSES1虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSEStransmissionarthropod vectors (blood sucking)animal vectorsinhalation infected secretionscontact with infected secretionsdirect contact with infected animalsanimal bites2虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESARBOVIRUSESRODENT BORNE VIRUSESVECTOR UNKNOWN3虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZO
2、ONOSESVIGILANCE4虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSES5虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESARBOVIRUSESENCEPHALITISFEBRILE DISEASESHEMORRHAGIC FEVERS6虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESARBOVIRUSESFAMILYENVELOPEyesyesnoSYMMETRYicosahedralhelicalicosahedralGENOMEssRNA (+ve)ssRNA (-ve)segmenteddsRNA, segmented7虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSES8
3、虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESARTHROPODHabitatDiurnal activityPreferred hostAnnual activityOverwintering abilityTransovarial transmissionVERTEBRATEMigratory activityPersistence of viremiaClinical consequencesReservoir ?Dead end host?9虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESST LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS10虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOS
4、ESPREVENTIONSURVEILLANCEVECTOR CONTROLREPELLENTSCLOTHINGTIMING OF ACTIVITY (OR CANCELLATION)VACCINE11虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESPREVENTIONSURVEILLANCEVECTOR CONTROLREPELLENTSCLOTHINGTIMING OF ACTIVITY (OR CANCELLATION)VACCINE12虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESSYLVATIC (JUNGLE) CYCLEarthropodarthropodvertebrat
5、emanvertebrate13虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESURBAN CYCLEarthropodarthropodmanman14虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESARBOVIRUSESENCEPHALITISFEBRILE DISEASESHEMORRHAGIC FEVERS15虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESARBOVIRAL DISEASEMANY DIFFERENT ARBOVIRUSES CAUSE DISEASEOFTEN SUB-CLINICALINITIAL VIRAL REPLICATIONENDOTHELIAL C
6、ELLSMACROPHAGES/MONOCYTE LINEAGEINTERFERON (RNA VIRUSES)VIREMIA16虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESRECOVERYINTERFERONCELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITYANTIBODY MAY PLAY A ROLE DURING VIREMIC PHASE17虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESDIAGNOSISNew Yorker May 200018虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESDIAGNOSISSPECIALIZED LABS19虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRA
7、LZOONOSESRESISTANCEIgG20虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESARBOVIRUSES ENCEPHALITIS DISTRIBUTION East US, CanadaWest US, Canada, Mexico, BrazilCentral and S America, Texas, FloridaNorth AmericaEast US, parts Europe, parts AfricaNorth America FAMILYTOGAVIRIDAEEastern equine encephalitisWestern equine encephali
8、tisVenezuelan equine encephalitisFLAVIVIRIDAESt Louis encephalitisWest Nile virus encephalitisBUNYAVIRIDAECalifornia serogroup (La Crosse etc)21虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESARBOVIRUS ENCEPHALITISSPORADICLOW % INFECTIONS - CLINICAL CASESNOT ALL CASES - MAJOR DISEASECASE FATALITY RATIO (CFR) LOWPROBABLY U
9、NDERDIAGNOSED22虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESEASTERN EQUINE ENCEPALITISReservoir: birdsVector: mosquitoSentinelshorse,quail, turkeyChildren at higher riskCFR 35%5 cases/year av.CDCtogavirus23虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESWESTERN EQUINE ENCEPALITISReservoir: birdsVector: mosquitoSentinelshorse,quail, turkeyChi
10、ldren at higher riskCFR 3-5%No human cases recentlytogavirus24虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESVENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPALITISReservoir: horseVector: mosquitoMild disease in mantogavirus25虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITISCommonest mosquito borne disease in US Reservoir: birdscan have urban cycle
11、Vector: mosquito50yr old80 cases, 8 deaths CFR 10%flavivirus27虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESStates in Enhanced WNV Surveillance and Control ProjectAlabamaConnecticutDelawareFloridaGeorgiaLouisianaMississippiMarylandMassachusettsNorth CarolinaNew JerseyNew YorkNew York CityPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth Ca
12、rolinaTexasVirginiaWashington DCSpecial Congressional appropriation of$2.9 million, Fiscal Year 200028虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESCALIFORNIA SEROGROUP ENCEPHALITIS(includes La Crosse virus)Recently commoner in eastern US Reservoir: small mammalsVector: mosquitosChildren at higher riskLow CFR70 cases/ye
13、ar av.bunyavirus29虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESLa Crosse life cycle30虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESARBOVIRUSES FEVER AND HEMORRHAGIC FEVERFAMILYFLAVIVIRIDAEDengueYellow feverREOVIRIDAEColorado tick feverDISTRIBUTION World wide, especially tropicsAfrica, S. and C. AmericaNorth America MAIN DISEASES fever, hem
14、orrhagic feverhemorrhagic fever fever31虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESCOLORADO TICK FEVER Vector: tickMild disease in manFever, rash, arthralgiaRMSF important consideration in differential diagnosisProbably common, rarely reportedReovirus family32虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESDENGUE FEVERjungle cycle (monkeys-
15、mosquitos)urban cycle (man-mosquitos)rapidly increasing disease in tropicsevery year see in US due to importoccasional indigenous transmission50-100 million cases per year worldwideflavivirus33虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESWorld Distribution of Dengue1999Areas infested with Areas infested with Aedes aegy
16、ptiAedes aegypti Areas with Areas with Aedes aegypti Aedes aegypti and recent epidemic dengue and recent epidemic dengue flavivirus34虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESDENGUE FEVERfeverheadacheretro-orbital painmyalgia, arthralgiabone-ache breakbone feversometimes rashmay look like flu, measles, rubellaflaviv
17、irus35虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESDENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVERhemorrhagesplasma leakagehemoconcentrationhypotensioncirculatory failureshockflavivirus36虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESDENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVERchildren more severe diseasedo not give aspirin CFR depends on rapid responsecan be as low as 1%flavivirus3
18、7虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESDENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVERimmunopathological4 serotypesmaternal antibody flavivirus38虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESReported Cases of DHF inthe Americas, 1970 - 1998* Provisional data through 199839虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESCDCYELLOW FEVERjungle and urban cycleshemorrhagesdegenerati
19、on liver, kidney, heartCFR 50%vaccineflavivirus40虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESRODENT BORNE VIRUSESHEMORRHAGIC FEVERSHEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROMEPULMONARY SYNDROME41虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESCDCrodent urinecontaminated materials (aerosols)respiratory tractROUTE OF INFECTION42虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOON
20、OSESRODENT BORNE FAMILYENVELOPEyesyesSYMMETRYhelicalhelicalGENOMEssRNA ambi-sensesegmentedssRNA (-ve)segmentedHantavirus genus43虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESARENAVIRUS-ASSOCIATED HEMORRHAGIC FEVERSLassa fever, Bolivian, Argentine hemorrhagic feverRecent cases in California of deaths thought to be associ
21、ated with an arenavirus (Whitewater Arroyo Virus)dehydration, hemoconcentration, hemorrhage, shock CFR 5-35%CDC44虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESChronically infected Chronically infected rodentrodentVirus is present in Virus is present in aerosolized excreta, aerosolized excreta, particularly urineparticul
22、arly urineHorizontal transmission of Horizontal transmission of infection by intraspecific infection by intraspecific aggressive behavioraggressive behaviorVirus also present in throat swab Virus also present in throat swab and fecesand fecesSecondary aerosols, mucous membrane contact, Secondary aer
23、osols, mucous membrane contact, and skin breaches are also a considerationand skin breaches are also a considerationTransmission of HantavirusesCDC45虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESHANTAVIRUS-ASSOCIATED HEMORRHAGIC FEVERSKorean hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (CFR 7%)other HFRS viral diseases around
24、the worldCDCHantavirus genus46虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESHANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROMECFR 40-50%Hantavirus genus47虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSES48虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESRadiographic Progression of Radiographic Progression of HPS in the LungHPS in the LungSource: Dr. L. Ketai via CDC49虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOO
25、NOSESHantavirus Pulmonary SyndromeLaboratory-confirmed DiagnosisHantavirus genus50虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESVECTOR UNKNOWNHEMORRHAGIC FEVERS DUE TO EBOLA, MARBURG VIRUSES51虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESVECTOR UNKNOWN FAMILYENVELOPEyes SYMMETRYhelical GENOME ssRNA (-ve) 52虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESEbola and
26、 Marburg virusesRussell Regnery CDCFA Murphy UC Davis.vetnet.ucdavis.edu/fam_graphics/download.html53虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESEBOLA AND MARBURG VIRUSEShemorrhagic feverscase fatality rate can be as high as 60-70% for certain strainsoccur in Africa, natural reservoir and vector unknownhigh viremia -
27、stringent barrier nursing54虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSES55虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESJune 200056虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESJune 200057虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSES58虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSES59虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSES September 20, 199960虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESJuly 25th, 200061虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESAedes aegypti Breeding Sites62虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSES63虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSES64虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESAmerican countries with laboratory-confirmed hemorrhagic fever (red shaded areas).65虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSESDENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER66虫媒病毒和其他的动物病毒VIRALZOONOSES
