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1、六、非谓语动词写作导练六、非谓语动词写作导练 写作要领写作要领 名师指导名师指导 即时演练即时演练 写作要领写作要领 众所周知众所周知, ,作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味, ,句子与句句子与句子之间的关系显得松散子之间的关系显得松散; ;而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘, ,读起来读起来费劲。恰当地运用非谓语动词费劲。恰当地运用非谓语动词( (过去分词、不定式、动词过去分词、不定式、动词-ing-ing形式形式) )、独、独立主格结构或立主格结构或withwith复合结构对句式加以简化复合结构对句式加以简化,
2、 ,使文句更加准确、得体、精使文句更加准确、得体、精炼、灵活炼、灵活, ,使语言更加丰富多彩。使语言更加丰富多彩。 1.1.用非谓语动词转换简单句用非谓语动词转换简单句, ,提升表达档次提升表达档次 写作时写作时, ,我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换, ,使其成使其成为较高级的表达方式。转换时可采用三步法。为较高级的表达方式。转换时可采用三步法。 第一步第一步: :写出两个简单句。第二步写出两个简单句。第二步: :找准两个简单句的对接点找准两个简单句的对接点, ,让让一个句子作为主干一个句子作为主干, ,另一个句子用非谓语动词进行改写。第三步
3、另一个句子用非谓语动词进行改写。第三步: :判断判断应用何种非谓语动词应用何种非谓语动词, ,把握好时态和语态把握好时态和语态, ,最后连接起来。例如最后连接起来。例如: : 第一步第一步: :写出两个简单句。写出两个简单句。 I feel quite sorry for that. I feel quite sorry for that. I begin to think about what to do to help. I begin to think about what to do to help. 第二步第二步: :让句让句作主句作主句, ,用非谓语动词改写句用非谓语动词改写句。
4、第三步第三步: :句句表示原因表示原因, ,其动词其动词feelfeel与主语与主语I I之间为主谓关系之间为主谓关系, ,故用动词故用动词-ing-ing形形式作原因状语。式作原因状语。 Feeling quite sorry for that,I begin to think about what to do to Feeling quite sorry for that,I begin to think about what to do to help. help. 常用转换的其他例子常用转换的其他例子: : (1)(1)另一方面另一方面, ,我将帮着建立英语角我将帮着建立英语角 , ,
5、给学生提供一个练习英语口语的平台。给学生提供一个练习英语口语的平台。 On the other hand,I will help set up the English On the other hand,I will help set up the English corner.I will provide students with a platform to corner.I will provide students with a platform to practice their oral English. practice their oral English. On the ot
6、her hand,I will help set up the English On the other hand,I will help set up the English corner,providing students with a platform to practice corner,providing students with a platform to practice their oral English.(their oral English.(动词动词-ing-ing形式作状语形式作状语) ) (2)(2)昨天召开的会议很重要。昨天召开的会议很重要。 The meet
7、ing was held yesterday.It was of great importance. The meeting was held yesterday.It was of great importance. The meeting held yesterday was of great importance.(The meeting held yesterday was of great importance.(过去过去分词短语作后置定语分词短语作后置定语) ) (3)(3)我们应该多讲英语。我们认为这是很重要的。我们应该多讲英语。我们认为这是很重要的。 We should spe
8、ak more English.We think it is very important. We should speak more English.We think it is very important. We think it very important to speak more English.(itWe think it very important to speak more English.(it作形作形式宾语式宾语, ,不定式作真正宾语不定式作真正宾语) ) 2.2.用非谓语动词转换复合句用非谓语动词转换复合句, ,使语言简练使语言简练 用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单
9、句要容易一些用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些, ,因为需转换的因为需转换的一般是从句部分一般是从句部分, ,这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词, ,再把握好时态和语再把握好时态和语态即可态即可, ,所以只需两步。例如所以只需两步。例如: : 第一步第一步: :写出复合句。写出复合句。 After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months,we strongly desir
10、ed to be the winner. months,we strongly desired to be the winner. 第二步第二步: :把把afterafter引导的时间状语从句转换为非谓语动词引导的时间状语从句转换为非谓语动词,practice,practice与与wewe之间为主谓关系之间为主谓关系, ,且表示完成且表示完成, ,故用动词故用动词-ing-ing形式的完成式作状语。形式的完成式作状语。 Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months,we Having practiced playing ba
11、sketball for almost two months,we strongly desired to be the winner. strongly desired to be the winner. 转换的几个其他例子转换的几个其他例子: : (1)(1)惊诧于他们的熟练程度惊诧于他们的熟练程度, ,我决心要像他们一样好。我决心要像他们一样好。 Because I was amazed at how skillful they were,I Because I was amazed at how skillful they were,I determined to be as good
12、 as them. determined to be as good as them. Amazed at how skillful they were,I determined to be as Amazed at how skillful they were,I determined to be as good as them. good as them. (2)(2)看到一辆车朝她而来看到一辆车朝她而来, ,我伸出手把她拉了回来。我伸出手把她拉了回来。 When I saw a car running towards her,I reached my hand out When I sa
13、w a car running towards her,I reached my hand out and pulled her back. and pulled her back. Seeing a car running towards her,I reached my hand out Seeing a car running towards her,I reached my hand out and pulled her back. and pulled her back. (3)(3)这里曾有一家大化肥厂。它每天释放出大量有毒气体这里曾有一家大化肥厂。它每天释放出大量有毒气体, ,污
14、染环境。污染环境。 There was a large factory,which produced fertilizer.Every There was a large factory,which produced fertilizer.Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas,which polluted the day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas,which polluted the environment. environment. There was a large factory,which
15、produced fertilizer.There was a large factory,which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas,polluting the Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas,polluting the environment. environment. 简析简析: :“原句原句”中分别由中分别由whichwhich引导两个定语从句引导两个定语从句, ,重复且单调重复且单调, ,将第将第 二个定语从句转换为动词二个定语
16、从句转换为动词-ing-ing形式作状语后形式作状语后, ,不仅表达多样不仅表达多样, ,而且言而且言 简意赅。简意赅。 (4)(4)由于老师的帮助由于老师的帮助, ,我的英语进步很大。因为我的英语进步很大我的英语进步很大。因为我的英语进步很大, ,我确我确 信我能考上更好的大学。信我能考上更好的大学。 Because my teacher helps me,my English has greatly improved. Because my teacher helps me,my English has greatly improved. Because my English has gr
17、eatly improved,Im sure I will go Because my English has greatly improved,Im sure I will go to a better university. to a better university. With my teacher helping me,my English has greatly improved.With my teacher helping me,my English has greatly improved. Because my English has greatly improved,Im
18、 sure I will go Because my English has greatly improved,Im sure I will go to a better university. to a better university. 简析简析: :“原句原句”两处重复出现由两处重复出现由becausebecause引导的从句引导的从句, ,读起来很别扭。读起来很别扭。 换用换用“with+with+动词动词-ing-ing形式的复合结构形式的复合结构”后后, ,句子读起来会更加得体、句子读起来会更加得体、 精炼。精炼。 (5)(5)因为天热因为天热, ,我们去游泳了。我们去游泳了。
19、As it was hot,we went swimming. As it was hot,we went swimming. It being hot,we went swimming.It being hot,we went swimming. (6)(6)如果天气允许的话如果天气允许的话, ,我会去那儿。我会去那儿。 If weather permits,I will go there. If weather permits,I will go there. Weather permitting,I will go there.Weather permitting,I will go t
20、here. 名师指导名师指导 在所有的高级语法中在所有的高级语法中 , ,阅卷老师几乎都喜欢看到非谓语动词短语阅卷老师几乎都喜欢看到非谓语动词短语 , ,其其实几乎所有的状语从句都可以变成非谓语动词短语或独立主格结构。如实几乎所有的状语从句都可以变成非谓语动词短语或独立主格结构。如果你的作文中有状语从句果你的作文中有状语从句 , ,学会下面的口诀学会下面的口诀 , ,就可以改成非谓语动词短语就可以改成非谓语动词短语或独立主格结构这个最大的亮点或独立主格结构这个最大的亮点 : :一去一去, ,二看二看, ,三改。一去三改。一去: :去连词去连词; ;二看二看: :看主语看主语; ;三改三改: :
21、改分词。改分词。 例如例如: :条件状语从句条件状语从句 :If such is the case,you should apologize :If such is the case,you should apologize to her.to her.按照这个口诀来改按照这个口诀来改, ,第一步第一步, ,去掉连词去掉连词if;if;第二步第二步, ,看前后两句话的看前后两句话的主语主语, ,前后主语不一致前后主语不一致, ,所以要改成独立主格结构所以要改成独立主格结构; ;第三步第三步, ,改分词改分词,is,is变成变成分分 词词 是是 being,being, 所所 以以 最最 后后
22、变变 成成 Such Such being being the the case,you case,you should should apologize to her.apologize to her. 独立主格结构。如果前后两句话主语一致独立主格结构。如果前后两句话主语一致 , ,就变成分就变成分词结构。例如词结构。例如:Entering the classroom,Ms.Li was surprised to find :Entering the classroom,Ms.Li was surprised to find we we were were standing standing
23、 in in line,clapping line,clapping hands hands and and saying saying loudly loudly “HappyHappy TeachersTeachers Day!Day!”这个句子就包含了两个分词结构作伴随状语这个句子就包含了两个分词结构作伴随状语 ; ;再比如再比如:Seeing them on the bus,I felt a kind of satisfaction.:Seeing them on the bus,I felt a kind of satisfaction.其其他想表达状语从句的时候几乎都一样。所以想表
24、达他想表达状语从句的时候几乎都一样。所以想表达“由于由于, ,因为因为, ,如果如果”等都写成独立主格或分词结构会让阅卷老师多给几分。等都写成独立主格或分词结构会让阅卷老师多给几分。 即时演练即时演练 运用非谓语动词形式完成句子运用非谓语动词形式完成句子 1.As for the schools library,it should be modern and equipped 1.As for the schools library,it should be modern and equipped with computers.It enables the students to have a
25、ccess to the with computers.It enables the students to have access to the Internet. Internet. As for the schools library,it should be modern and As for the schools library,it should be modern and equipped with computers, equipped with computers, . . 2.My uncle is known for his expert advice.He is of
26、ten asked to 2.My uncle is known for his expert advice.He is often asked to help others with their personal affairs. help others with their personal affairs. ,my uncle is often asked to help ,my uncle is often asked to help others with their personal affairs. others with their personal affairs. 答案答案
27、: :1.enabling the students to have access to the Internet 1.enabling the students to have access to the Internet 2.Known for his expert advice 2.Known for his expert advice 3.The boy came to school late again.This made the teacher 3.The boy came to school late again.This made the teacher very angry.
28、 very angry. made the teacher very angry. made the teacher very angry. 4.Many students are burdened with study,so they are sparing 4.Many students are burdened with study,so they are sparing no efforts to study,and it leaves no time to take exercise. no efforts to study,and it leaves no time to take
29、 exercise. ,many students are sparing no efforts ,many students are sparing no efforts to study, to study, . . 5.I saw an old granny.She lay on the ground.I went over to 5.I saw an old granny.She lay on the ground.I went over to help her. help her. , , I went over to help her. I went over to help he
30、r. 答案答案: :3.The boys coming to school late again3.The boys coming to school late again 4.Burdened with study;leaving no time to take exercise 4.Burdened with study;leaving no time to take exercise 5.Seeing an old granny lying on the ground 5.Seeing an old granny lying on the ground 6.As soon as they
31、 saw a few people still in the burning house, 6.As soon as they saw a few people still in the burning house, they rushed into it to save them without hesitation. they rushed into it to save them without hesitation. , , they rushed into it to save them without hesitation. they rushed into it to save
32、them without hesitation. 7.We think it is necessary that middle school students should 7.We think it is necessary that middle school students should learn a foreign language and we also think that it is learn a foreign language and we also think that it is possible that they can master one. possible
33、 that they can master one. We think it is necessary that middle school students should We think it is necessary that middle school students should learn a foreign language and we learn a foreign language and we also also . . 答案答案: :6.On seeing a few people still in the burning house 6.On seeing a fe
34、w people still in the burning house 7.think it possible for them to master one 7.think it possible for them to master one 8.I took part in the meeting,which was held in Beijing last 8.I took part in the meeting,which was held in Beijing last Friday.It was very instructive,which was hosted by a manag
35、er Friday.It was very instructive,which was hosted by a manager who came to our company yesterday. who came to our company yesterday. I took part in the meeting I took part in the meeting last last Friday.It was very instructive,which was hosted by a manager Friday.It was very instructive,which was
36、hosted by a manager yesterday. yesterday. 9.Mother went to work in a hurry,and she didnt have breakfast.9.Mother went to work in a hurry,and she didnt have breakfast. She was as busy as a bee these days and came back home very She was as busy as a bee these days and came back home very late. late. M
37、other went to work in a hurry Mother went to work in a hurry . . She was as busy as a bee these days, She was as busy as a bee these days, . . 答案答案: :8.held in Beijing;coming to our company 8.held in Beijing;coming to our company 9.without having breakfast;coming back home very late 9.without having breakfast;coming back home very late
