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1、 to our English class12 理解概念很关键 掌握逻辑是重点大句子套小句子3从句的特点从句的特点1. 从句也要符合句子的基本结构2. 从句只是做为句子某一成分出现的3. 从句的关联词很关键, 通常来讲,它们是从句开始的标志41.Tom is a good boy.2. He is walking./We disagree.3.I love you.4.I consider him handsome/a handsome boy.5. He gave me a present.5从句名词性从句形容词性从句副词性从句:定语从句:状语从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句6谓语动词
2、/介词 名 词When we shall hold the meeting depends on whether John can return tomorrow. 系动词The problem is when John will come back.We expressed our hope that we could visit the country again.7Have a try: What kind?I dont know who broke the window.She walked up to where she stood.What they need is a good
3、textbook.She will give whoever needs help a warm welcome.This is where our problem is.It is certain that she will do well in her exam.The foreigner expressed his hope that he was going to visit the Great Wall again.We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. O S O P SA O O8Tas
4、k I.什么叫什么叫“名词性从句名词性从句”？名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语主语 His job is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day. 9宾语宾语 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位同位语语 I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a
5、teacher.10 Noun Clauses 名词性从句名词性从句 一个句子一个句子, 在连词的引导下在连词的引导下, 在一个句子在一个句子中当名词使用中当名词使用, 叫名词性从句根据句法叫名词性从句根据句法功能功能, 名词性从句可以分为主语从句、名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句 11引引导导词词的的分分类类123 that, whether, ifwho, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever, whichever, when, where, how, why 从属连词 连接代词连接副
6、词12名词性名词性名词性名词性that-that-从句从句从句从句1）由由从从属属连连词词that引引导导的的从从句句叫叫做做名名词词性性that-从从句句。that只只起起连连接接主主句句和和从从句句的的作作用用，在在从从句句中中不不担担任任任任何何成成分分，本本身身也也没没有有词词义义。名名词词性性that-从从句句在在句句中中能能充充当当主主语语、宾宾语语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如： 主语：主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.同同位位语语：The fact that he has not been seen
7、 recently disturbs everyone in his office. 形容词宾语：形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 13 Its a pity that you missed the film.It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.It is said that the novel has been translated into English.注意注意 2) it做为形式主语和宾语为了避免头重脚轻，通常用做形式
8、主为了避免头重脚轻，通常用做形式主语，将真正的主语从句后置语，将真正的主语从句后置What引导引导 的主语从句例外。的主语从句例外。14 动词动词think, make, feel, consider，find等后常等后常用用it作形式宾语来代替作形式宾语来代替that引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。We all think it good news that we will have a holiday this weekend.Our school has made it a rule that all the students should wear school uniform on
9、Monday morning.I consider it necessary that we should ask him for advice. 巧记巧记It作形式代词真能干，可把不定式、作形式代词真能干，可把不定式、动名词或从句来代办，而让它们后面动名词或从句来代办，而让它们后面站！站！15 提示：介词一般不与提示：介词一般不与 that 连用。连用。 但但 in that ，except that 除外除外Man differs from brutes in that they can think and speak.16Practice time:用形式代词用形式代词it转换下转换下列
10、名词性从句列名词性从句1.Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear.2.Why he did the work is easy to understand.3.That her hair was turning grey worried her a bit.4.He had won the first prize. We thought it was good news.17He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (07 Tianjin 1) A this B.
11、that C. it D. theseIt is none of your business _ other people think about you. Believe yourself.(07 Fujian 35)A. How B. what C. which D. when183) that 的省略问题的省略问题 1.That she was chosen made us very happy.2. She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.3.You problem is that you lack se
12、lf-confidence 4.She told me that she would accept my invitation.5. She said that she would go there on Friday and that she would return the next day。 6.We think it important that you should do it at once.7.I didnt tell him anything except that I wasnt able to find my way back. 19在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中，在主
13、语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中，that不不能省略。能省略。宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能在以下三种情况下不能省略：省略：（1）当）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个时，第二个that不能省；不能省； 20名词性名词性名词性名词性wh-wh-从句从句从句从句1）由由wh-词词引引导导的的名名词词从从句句叫叫做做名名词词性性wh-从从句句。wh-词词包包括括who, whom, whose, what, which, -ever等等连连接接代代词词和和where, when, how, why等等连连接接副副词词。
14、连连接接代代词词和和连连接接副副词词在在句句中中既既保保留留自自己己的的疑疑问问含含义义、又又起起连连接接作作用用，在在从从句句中中充充当当从从句句的的成成分分。连连接接代代词词在在从从句句中中做做主主，宾宾，表表语语。连连接接副副词词在在句句中中做做表表，状语状语。例如：例如：主语：主语：How the book will sell depends on its author.宾语：宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.表表语语：My question is who will take over the president.21宾宾语语补补足足
15、语语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 同同位位语语：I have no idea when he will return.形形 容容 词词 宾宾 语语 ： Im not sure why she refused their invitation. 介介词词宾宾语语：That depends on where we shall go.wh-从句作主语也常用先行词从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主做形式主语，而将语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：从句置于句末，例如：It is not yet decided who will do that job
16、.22what 既可表疑问，也可没有疑问，作为缩合连词相当于all that ,everything that ,the person who 不表疑问。在从句中做主语，宾语或表语。They reached _ is now part of America.A. what B. where C which D. that He is _ is known as a hacker- he likes to show off on the internet and attack websites.A. what B. who C. that D which23which 表疑问，哪一个who,wh
17、om 表疑问，谁whoever ,whomever- 无论是谁，不管是谁。= anyone who those whowhere when why既可表疑问，也可不表疑问I still remember _ this used to be a quiet village .Why not try your luck downtown- thats _good jobs are.24whether 与与 if 均均为为 “是是否否” 的的意意思思。但但在在下下列列情况下用情况下用whether ：1.whether 引引导导主主语语从从句句,表表语语从从句句,同同位位语语从从句应当用句应当用wh
18、ether，2. whether引导从句作介词的宾语。引导从句作介词的宾语。 Im not interested in whether theyll go or not.3. whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用。可以直接跟动词不定式连用。 I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry.4.从句后有从句后有“or not”时时 I wonder whether he will come or not. 5. discuss 后后if, whether引导的名词从句引导的名词从句25 whether与与if的辨用的辨用1. I asked her _ she
19、had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soo
20、n.8. I dont know _ to go. 9._ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go without you.if / whetherWhetherwhetherwhether whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherIf26总原则：看从句从句中缺少什么成分，根据意思选择适当连接词语；如不缺成分且句意完整，则选用that.一找二查三选：从句：缺少什么成分：意思适合的关联词27Have a try: Choose a proper one1. _ has been announced is that we must hand in our
21、 graduation papers before the end of June.What2. _ he always serves the people is well-known.3. _ the English evening will be held, on Monday or Tuesday, has not yet been decided. 4. I want to know _ he has told you.5. Everything depends on _ we have enough money.6. That is _ he didnt come to the me
22、eting.7. The news _ we won the game was exciting.ThatWhenwhatwhetherwhythat28Task II .名词性从句 单复数概念1.That I can pay back the help people give me _(make) me happy. 2.What we need _(be) more time.3.What we need _ (be)more English dictionaries.makesisare一般情况下，名词性从句看作单数概念。一般情况下，名词性从句看作单数概念。表示所需要的这层含义根据表表示
23、所需要的这层含义根据表 语来确定语来确定29.I wonder how many years ago _. A. did your father retire B. your father retired C. has your father retired D. your father has retired 语序问题. You cant imagine how excited I was!名词性从句必须用陈述句语序名词性从句必须用陈述句语序,感叹句除外感叹句除外301.She sensed that she _(be) being watched.2.Please tell me _(他是
24、谁他是谁)?3. Do you still remember when you _ （见到）见到）the famous singer？ 4.Whether he _(来来) or not is unimportant to me.waswho he iswill comemet时态时态宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态1。若主句是过去时态，从句用相应的。若主句是过去时态，从句用相应的过去时态过去时态2。若主句是一般时态，从句不受限制，依。若主句是一般时态，从句不受限制，依具体情况而定具体情况而定其余从句依具体情况而定其余从句依具体情况而定 31Practice time.单句改错单句改错1.That
25、 the earth turns around the sun are known to all.2.When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.3.I didnt know that you will come.4.He said that he is writing a story.5.Could you tell me when will he arrive?6.You can begin to see why does English have such strange rules._ is_ hasnt_would_was_
26、 he will_ English has324. The problem is that they cant collect enough money for the project.3. That she became an artist may have been due to her fathers influence. that与what1. What we cant get seems better than what we have.2. She is no longer what she used to be. what 在在从句从句中要充当某个成分中要充当某个成分（主语、宾语
27、或表语）；（主语、宾语或表语）；that在从句中不充当任何成分，在从句中不充当任何成分，因此当从句不缺少成分因此当从句不缺少成分且句意完整时选择且句意完整时选择that。331. These ancient Indians used to live in _ is now a part of the United States. A. where B. the place C. which D. what Show yourself off!I cant decide which of the three I should choose.Which team won the match was
28、 still unknown.34_ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.(07 上海 39) A. That B. What C. Whether D. WhereChoosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for.(07 江苏 25） A. what B. why C. how D. whether35You can only be sure of _ you have at present; you cannot be
29、 sure of something _ you might get in the future. (07 安徽 33) A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that _(父母的言行)has a life-long effect on their children. (07 陕西 8)What parents say and do36_ matters most in learning English is enough practice. (07 全国I 17） A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which37表语从
30、句中的表语从句中的that, because和和whyThe reason why she was late was _ he didnt catch the bus.She was late. Thats _ she didnt catch the bus.She didnt catch the bus. Thats _ she was late.thatbecausewhy38同位语从句同位语从句PK定语从句定语从句1.We heard the news that our team had won the game.2.The news that you told us yesterday
31、 was really disappointing.技巧技巧试加法试加法/成分法成分法1.The news was that our team had won the game. 2.The news was that you told us. 39Practice :判断下列各句是同位语判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句从句还是定语从句1.They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.2. The hope that she expressed is that they would come to vis
32、it China again. 3.The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句40主语从句主语从句 用用 it 作作形形式式主主语语的的that- 从从句句有有以以下下四四种种不不同的搭配关系：同的搭配关系：a. It + be +形容词形容词+ that-从句从句It is necessary that有必要有必要41b. It + be + -ed 分词分词+ that-从句从句It is believed that人们相信人们相信c. It + be +名词名词+ t
33、hat-从句从句 It is a surprise/a wonder/a pity/no wonder that令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是d. It +不及物动词不及物动词+ that-分句分句It appears that似乎似乎 It occurred to me that我突然想起我突然想起 42另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wo
34、nder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that43 宾语从句否宾语从句否宾语从句否宾语从句否 定定定定 转转转转 移移移移1) 将将think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等等动动词词后后面面宾宾语语从从句句的的否否定定词词转转移移到到主主句句中中，即即主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词用用否否定定式式，而而从从句句的的谓谓语语动词用肯定式。动词用肯定式。I dont think I know you.注注意意：若若谓谓语语动动词词为为hope, 宾宾语语从从
35、句句中中的的否否定定词不能转移。词不能转移。I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。我想你没有生病吧。44 宾语从句前如有宾语从句前如有do you( do you( think, believe, guess, suppose, expect, imagine,suppose)等词时等词时,如果从句主语为疑问词均应提到如果从句主语为疑问词均应提到句首句首. What can you guess is in the room? When do you think _ .A.We will leave for Beijing B. will we leave for Be
36、ijing45 whateverwhatever，whicheverwhichever，whoeverwhoever，whomeverwhomever引引导导的的名名词词性性从从句句不不含含有有疑疑问问意意义义，相相当当于于名名词词后后加加一一个个定定语语从从句句， whatever 相相当当于于 anything that, 表表示示“无无论论什什么么; whoever 相相当当于于anyone who, 表表示示“无无论论谁谁；任任何何的的人人” whichever“无无论论哪哪个个; 无无论论哪哪些些”, 既既指指人人, 也也指指物物; 可可以以单单独独使使用用, 可可以以修修饰饰名词名
37、词, 也可以后跟也可以后跟of 短语。短语。whoever / whomever的选择的选择，要看关联词在从句，要看关联词在从句中是作主语还是作宾语而定，如果在从句中作主语中是作主语还是作宾语而定，如果在从句中作主语只能选用只能选用 whoever，做宾语时用，做宾语时用whomever。461.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants. (NMET1997)A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever2._leaves the room last ou
38、ght to turn off the lights. (MET1988)A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who3.Sarah hopes to become a friend of _shares her interests. (上海1995)A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who47综合测试1. The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2. News came _ the stu
39、dents would put off the outing until next week, when they wouldnt be busy.A. thatB. whenC. whichD. whetherCA483. Whats the matter with you? You have no idea _.A. how I was worriedB. how worried was IC. how was I worriedD. how worried I was4. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats _ I got we
40、t all through.A. how B. because C. why D. that5. He is absent today. Thats _ he is ill.A. whenB. because C. why D. thatDCB496. Whether the sports meet will be held _ yet.A. hasnt decidedB. arent decideC. havent been decidedD. isnt decided7. _ he spoke at the meeting is true, but _ he said isnt inter
41、esting.A. What; whatB. That; what C. That; thatD. What; thatDB508._ is disappointing that you cant come to my birthday party the day after tomorrow. A. It B. ThisC. That D. Which9. The news _ three Chinese engineers in Pakistan were killed surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 10.He m
42、ade _ clear that he would leave soon. A. that B. this C. itD. whatABC51 总结总结(Summary)名词性从句的定义名词性从句的定义引导词的由来引导词的由来名词性从句的语序、时态及单复数概念名词性从句的语序、时态及单复数概念名词性从句与名词性从句与itwhether与与if的辨用的辨用that不可省略的几种情况不可省略的几种情况表语从句中的表语从句中的that, because和和why同位语从句同位语从句PK定语从句定语从句52 What matters most in learning English is enough
43、 practice. The problem is that I cant recite so many words.What matters most is that you should pronounce the words correctly.Why we cant recite words correctly is that we pay little attention to the context.What we need to do is that we should repeat as many times as possible.It is certain that rea
44、ding English every day does good to our study.Talk about the problems you have met in your English study, using noun clauses .53Thank you for attending.545556Practice time：指出下列各名词性从句的种指出下列各名词性从句的种类类1. She wondered if the buses would still be running.2. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.3. She felt that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.4. When we will start is not clear.5. I had no idea that you were her friend.宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句主语从句主语从句同位语从句同位语从句57Thank you!58
