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1、Nervoustissue神经组织神经组织20140415Overview-Components:vnervecell:neuronvGlialcell:neuroglia-Function:vNeurons:receivethestimulation,conductthenerveimpulsevGlial cell: support, protect and insulate,nourishneuronsneuronSynapseNerve fiberendingneuroglialneuronNeuron The structural and functional cellular un
2、itLM:-cell body: spherical,pyramidal fusiform orstellateinshape,5um-150um-dendrite（树突）（树突）-axon（轴突）（轴突）structureofneuroncellbody:-cellmembrane:vunitmembrane-irritability,receivestimuli,initiateandconductnerveimpulsevmembraneproteins-ionschannelandreceptorcellnucleus:llargeandroundlcentrally-locatedl
3、lessheterochromatinlpalestained,withaclearnucleolus-cytoplasm:perikaryona.Nisslbody(尼氏体尼氏体):LM:basophilicgranule-likedstructureEM:parallelly-arrangedRERandfreeribosomeFunction:synthesisproteinsvstructuralproteinvenzymesofneurotransmittersb.Neurofibril(神经原纤维神经原纤维):lsilverimpregnationmethods(silverpre
4、paration)lthread-liked dark brown colorstructuretoformanetwork.EM:vneurofilament:10nmindiametervmicrotubule:25nmindiameterFunction:vsupportingvinvolvinginintracellulartransportationc.otherorganellevGolgiapparatusvmitochondriavpigmentdendrite(树突树突):lmany,shortandmorebrancheslstructuresimilartocellbod
5、yldendritic spine (synapse) and spine apparatus(structureformedby2-3layersSER)lFunction:receivetheinformationaxon(轴突轴突):lthin,lessbranchlaxonhillock(轴丘轴丘):thebeginningwithoutNisslbodylaxolemmalaxoplasm-Function:initiateanimpulseandconducttheimpulse*axonaltransportsvslowanterogradecytoskeletalprotein
6、:microtubule,microfilamentandneurofilament(0.1-0.4mm/d)vfastanterogradesynapticvesicles,enzymesandproteins(100-400mm/d)vfastretrogradeproductsofmetabolism,intakingmaterialsincludingproteinorneurotropicfactors(100-300mm/d)3)classification:-According to the number ofprocessesvmultipolarneuronvbipolarn
7、euronvpseudounipolarneuron-AccordingtolengthofaxonlGolgitypeIneuronlongaxonandlargelGolgitypeIIneuronshortaxon-Accordingtofunctionvsensoryneuronvmotorneuronvinterneuron-AccordingtotheneurotransmitterorneuromodulatorlcholinergicneuronlaminergicneuronlpeptidergicneuronlaminoacidergicneuronSynapse(突触突触
8、)-definition:thejunctionsbetweenneuronsorneuronandnon-nervecells-classification:vchemicalsynapse:takingneurotransmitterascommunicatingmediumvelectricalsynapse:gapjunction-structureofchemicalsynapse:LMlinsilverpreparationlonthesurfaceofdendritesandcellbodylbutton-likedstructures(synapticbutton)EM1)pr
9、esynapticelement:axonalterminalvpresynapticmembranevsynapsevesicle:-roundorflattened,40-60nm-clearorwithelectrondensecore2)synapticspace:15-30nm3)postsynapticelement:vpostsynapticmembranevreceptorsGlialcell(neuroglia)神经胶质细胞神经胶质细胞GlialcellinCNSlAstrocyte(星形胶质细胞星形胶质细胞)fibrousastrocyteprotoplasmicastro
10、cytelOligodendrocyte(少突胶质细胞少突胶质细胞)lMicroglia(小胶质细胞小胶质细胞)lEpendymalcell(室管膜细胞室管膜细胞)lfibrousastrocytes-whitematter,havelong,thinandsmoothprocesses-moreglialfilament-glialfibrillaryacidicprotein,GFAPlprotoplasmicastrocytes-graymatter,short,thickprocesseswithmorebranch-lessglialfilamentOligodendrocyte(少
11、突胶质细胞少突胶质细胞):lsmaller,fewerprocesslformmyelin-sheathofNFinCNSMicroglia(小胶质细胞小胶质细胞):lsmallest, elongate shapeorovoid,withasmalldarkirregularNlphagocytosis-mononuclearphagocytesystem？Ependymalcell(室管膜细胞室管膜细胞):vsimplecuboidalorcolumnarepivapical:microvilliandciliavbasal:longprocesses-Distribution: vent
12、ricle of brain and central canal ofspinalcordGlialcellinPNSa.Schwanncell:formmyelin-sheathinPNSb.Satellitecell(capsularcell):surroundingtheNeuroninganglionNervefiberandNervelformedbyaxonandglialcelllclassificationmyelinatednervefiber(有髓神经纤维有髓神经纤维)unmyelinatednervefiber(无髓神经纤维无髓神经纤维)LM:vAxonvmyelin-s
13、heath:net-likedOsO4(osmiumtetroxide)fixationandstainSchmidt-Lantermannincisurevneurilemma:cellmembrane+basementmembranevSchwanncells(PNS)vOligodendrocyte(CNS)MyelinatednervefiberlRanviernode(郎飞结):narrowpart,nomyelin-sheath-saltatoryconductionlInternodesegment(结间体):thesegmentofNFbetweentwoRanviernode
14、sMNFinCNSvsimilartothatofPNSvoligodendrocytevoneoligodendrocytecanenvelopmanyaxonsvnoincisureandbasementmembraneUnmyelinatednervefiberlthinaxonandSchwanncellconnectendtoendlnomyelin-sheathandRanviernodeloneSchwanncellenvelopsmoreaxonslnakedaxon(CNS)Nerve-NervefibergetstogetherlEpineuriumlperineurium
15、lendoneuriumBloodbrainbarrier(血脑屏障血脑屏障)vEndothelialcellofcontinuousCap.vbasementmembranevFootprocessesofastrocytesNerveEnding1.Freenerveending-function:feelcold,hot,painandslighttouch2.EncapsulatedNending-haveCTcapsulelMeissnerscorpuscle(tactile)触觉小体触觉小体:touchreceptorlPaciniancorpuscle(lamellar)环层小体环层小体:pressurereceptorlMusclespindle(肌梭肌梭):tensionreceptorSensorynerveending tactilecorpuscleMuscularspindles lamellarcorpusclelSomaticMNE:motorendplate(neuromuscularjunction)lVisceralMNEMotornerveendingTHEEND
