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1、2024/7/311词的翻译n词类的转换n词的增译和省译n重复法2024/7/312词类的转换n英汉两种语言在词汇的使用上有很大不同。q汉语多使用动词，科技英语多使用名词；q英语有许多名词派生的动词，及由名词转用的动词；q汉语里形容词可做谓语，英语里形容词只能用作定语n词类转换主要分为以下几种情况：q转译成汉语动词q转译成汉语名词q转译成 汉语形容词q转译成汉语副词2024/7/313名词名词转译成汉语动词n一些含有动作意义的名词可以转译成动词名词可以转译成动词，如attempt，use，support，love；或是由动词派生出来的名词，如arrangement，acquaintance,
2、operation, arrival等。qThe flow of electrons is from the negative zinc plate to the positive copper plate. 电子从负极流向正极qI have no objection to your plan. 我不反对你们的计划2024/7/314形容词转译成汉语动词n一些表示心理活动、心理状态和含有动词意义的形容词常常可以转译成汉语动词。如：aware，ignorant，careful，familiar，available等。qIt is desirable to transform high volta
3、ge into low voltage by means of a transformer in an AC system. 我们希望希望通过交流系统中的变压器把高压电变为低压电。qWe should be aware of the whole circumstances. 我们应该摸清摸清(掌握掌握)全部情况2024/7/315介词转译成汉语动词n英语中很多介词在古英语中曾是动词。在翻译时也常把它们转译成汉语的动词。qThe letter E is commonly used for electromotive force. 通常用字母E表示表示电动势qIn any machine, inp
4、ut work equals output plus work done against friction. 任何机器的输入功都等于输出功加上克服克服摩擦力所做的功2024/7/316动名词转译成汉语动词nChanging the resistance is a method of controlling the flow of current. 改变改变电阻是控制控制电路中电流流动的一种方法nThe causes of these failures are far from clearing. 这些故障的原因远没有弄清楚弄清楚2024/7/317动词转译成汉语名词n Neutrons act
5、 differently from protons. 中子的作用作用不同于质子nAn electron or an atom behaves in some ways as though it were a group of waves. 电子或原子的性状性状多少有点像一组波2024/7/318代词转译成汉语名词nThe voltage induced in the core is small, because it is essentially a winding having but one turn.铁芯的感应电压小，因为铁芯铁芯实质上是一个只有一匝的绕组nThis means the
6、permittivity of oil is greater than that of air.这就意味着油的介电系数大于空气的介电系数介电系数2024/7/319形容词转译成汉语名词nTelevision is different from radio in that it sends and receives a picture.电视和无线电的区别区别在于电视发送和接收的是图像nA body that recovers completely and resumes its original dimensions is said to be perfectly elastic.能完全恢复并复
7、原到原始尺寸的物体称为完全弹性体2024/7/3110副词转译成汉语名词nSuch magnetism, because it is electrically produced, is called electromagnetism.由于这种磁性产生于电电，所以称为电磁.nThe device is shown schematically in Fig 2.图2是这种装置的简图简图2024/7/3111名词转译成汉语形容词nThus, the addition of the inductor prevents the current from building up or going down
8、 quickly.这样，增加的增加的电感器阻止电流的快速增长或下降nThe electric conductivity has great importance in selecting electrical materials. 在选择电气材料时导电性是很重要的重要的。2024/7/3112副词转译成汉语形容词nGases conduct best at low pressure.气体在低压下导电性能最佳最佳n This communication system is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of operation.这种通讯系统的主要
9、主要特点是操作简单2024/7/3113动词转译成汉语形容词nLight waves differ in frequency just as sound waves do.同声波一样，光波也有不同的不同的频率2024/7/3114转译成汉语副词nThe language allows a concise expression of arithmetic and logic processes.这种语言能简要地表达算术和逻辑过程nThe added device will ensure accessibility for part loading and unloading.增添这种装置将保证工
10、件装卸方便2024/7/3115词义的增减n英汉两种语言的表达方式是不同的。在句子结构不完整，含义不明确或词汇概念不清晰时，就需要对语意加以补足。而如果有些词在译文中不言而喻，就要省略一些不必要的词，使得译文更加简炼，严谨。q增译n根据语义n根据原文语法概念n根据汉语表达习惯q省译：冠词、介词、动词、代词、连词、同义或近义词2024/7/3116根据语义增译n原文如果无其词，但有其义时，翻译时应该增加相应的词语。qThe molecules get closer and closer with the pressure.随着压力的增加，分子越来越接近qGlass is fragile, the
11、refore it should be handled carefully.因为玻璃易碎，所以要轻拿轻放。2024/7/3117根据原文语法概念而增译n英语的名词复数，动词时态、语气和连词等概念可以通过增译在汉语中体现出来。qAfter watching for years, he discovered important phenomena.观察数数年之后（经过数数年的观察），他发现了许多重要的现象。qHad we known it in time, we would have prevented the accident.要是我们及时知道那件事，事故本来本来可以防止的。2024/7/311
12、8根据原文语法概念而增译(续)nWere there no electric pressure in a conductor, the electron flow would not take place in it.导体内如果如果没有电压，就不会产生电子流动现象nIf they should not get the data, they would not know and solve the problem.如果他们没有得到这些数据，他们就不可能弄明白这个问题这个问题，更不能解决这个问题。2024/7/3119为符合汉语表达习惯而增译pThese motors are expensive,
13、 but good.这批马达很贵，但质量质量很好2024/7/3120词的省译n英语句子中需要的词，汉语句子中不一定需要。为使译文符合汉语的表达习惯，应将一些汉语中不该出现的词省略不译，这就是所谓的省译法。n英语中的冠词、代词和连词在译文中往往可以省略。n在某些情况下，介词、动词，名词也可以省译n同义词或近义词的省译2024/7/3121省译冠词p冠词：a, an, thepA transistor is a device controlling the flow of electricity in a circuit晶体管是在电路中控制电流的器件pHence the unit of elec
14、tric current is the ampere.因此，电流的单位是安培2024/7/3122省译代词p代词：one, this, that, these, those One can never be too careful in ones work.工作越仔细越好If you permit the current to flow longer, more heat will be produced.电流通过的时间越长，产生的热量越多2024/7/3123省译连词pEarly people got up at sunrise and went to bed at sunset.古人日出而
15、作，日落而息。 pWhere there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。2024/7/3124省译介词pOn May 2 , he had an experiment on this kind circuit.5月2号，他就这种电路做了个实验pThis light bulb has a resistance of 120 ohms.这个灯泡电阻为120欧姆2024/7/3125省译动词nThis diode produces about nine times more radiant power than that one. 这只二极管的放射功率比那只大八
16、倍nCopper wire allows a larger current to flow than does iron wire与铁丝相比，铜丝能通过的电流更大。2024/7/3126省译名词nThis method is the most widely used method of P-N junction formation in the fabrication of function electric blocks. 在制造功能块时，最广泛使用的便是这种P- N 结形成方法。2024/7/3127省译同义或近义词pThe mechanical energy can be changed
17、 backed into electrical energy by means of a generator or dynamo.通过发电机可把机械能再转变成电能pInsulators in reality conduct electricity but, nevertheless, their resistance is very high.绝缘体实际上也导电，只是其电阻相当高而已。2024/7/3128重复法n为使译文更加生动、有力，常常会在译文中重复重要或关键性的词语，称为重复法。n重复法不同于增译法：q增译法是根据需要增补新的词语q重复法是在重复原文中已出现过的词语n重复译法主要有以下
18、几种情况：q名词的重复q动词的重复q代词的重复q根据汉语表达需要重复2024/7/3129名词的重复nThe weight of a neutron is about the same as a proton.中子的重量和质子的重量差不多相等nThe three most important effects of an electric current are beating, magnetic and chemical effects.对电流来说，三种最重要的效应是热效应、磁效应和化学效应2024/7/3130动词的重复nAll bodies consist of molecules and
19、 these of atoms.一切物体都是由分子组成，而分子又是由原子组成的。nWe can turn electric energy into light energy as well as into heat energy.我们不但能把电能转化为光能，也能转化为热能。2024/7/3131代词的重复nPeople like drinking green tea and it is helpful to human health.人们喜欢喝绿茶，绿茶对人的健康有益nYou can take whichever you like你喜欢哪个，就拿哪个。2024/7/3132根据汉语表达需要重复nThe electronic devices are used in computers as switches that simply turns on and off.这些电子器件在计算机中起开关作用，只是开开关关而已。nI had worked hard for six months on end in order to finish writing this book before the end of last year.为了在去年底前写完这本书，我辛辛苦苦地连续工作了六个月。
