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1、专业英语教案TeachingPlanonSpecializedEnglishCourseforAppliedChemistry课程类型：化学系专业选修课LessonType:SpecializedCourseforAppliedChemistryTeaching Plan on Specialized English CoursePart 1 Physical PropertiesPart 2 Chemical EquationsPart 3 Chemical CalculationPart 4 TranslationPart 5 A brief introduction to scienti
2、fic writing in EnglishPart 1 PhysicalProperties物理性质1）Colour 颜色色 colourlessred-brownviolet-black(墨紫色）purple-black（紫黑色）paleyellowdarkbrown（深褐色（深褐色 ）2）statesolidliquidgasgaseousoily（油性的）crystallineuncrystallinemoltenfused（熔合的）3）smellodourless（无臭的）Pungent（有刺激味的）penetrating（渗透的）Choking（窒息的）soursweetbitte
3、r4）solubilitysolubleinsolubleslightlysolubleverysoluble（极易溶解的）5）observationsprecipitatemilk（乳白色的）aqueoussolution6）densityheavylightlessdenseaboutthesamedense7）hardnesshardsoftductile（韧性）malleable（可塑性）8） toxicity：tksistitoxicpoisonous9 9）melting point boiling pointHighlow10）conductivityelectroniccond
4、uctivitythermalconductivityconductorsemiconductorInsulator（绝缘体）Disproportionation(岐化)Neutralization(中和)exothermicreaction(放热反应),eksu:mikendothermicreaction（吸热反应）,endu:mikreversiblereactionforwardreactionreversereactionspontaneousreaction（自发反应）nonspontaneousreaction1.反应名称：化化 学学 方方 程程 式式Part 2 Chemica
5、l Equations2、反应条件heat;burnignite/ignitionelectrolyze/electrolysis（电解作用）under/atambient/roomtemperatureunderstandardpressurewith/inthepresenceofcatalyst3、读法3.1Nitrogenreactswithhydrogentoformammoniaathightemperatureandpressurewiththepresenceofacatalyst.高温，高压高温，高压1molnitrogenreactswith3molhydrogentofo
6、rm2molammoniaathightemperatureandpressurewiththepresenceofacatalyst.3.2Reactionbetweennitrogenandhydrogenathightemperatureandpressurewiththepresenceofacatalystgivesammonia.Athightemperatureandpressure,reactionofnitrogenwithhydrogeninthepresenceofacatalysttakesplace.Zinctreatedwithhydrochloricacidfor
7、mshydrogenandzincchloride23.3whencalciumcarbonateheatedproducescalciumoxideandcarbondioxideCalciumcarbonateisheatedtoyieldcalciumoxideandcarbondioxideCalciumcarbonatedecomposestocalciumoxideandcarbondioxidewhenitisheated3.1化学术语atomicmass/weight；molecularweightamount(ofsubstance)；molenumberofmoles；mo
8、larmassmolarvolume；concentrationmolarity；excessagentlimitingagent；reactantproduct；yieldPart 3 Chemical Calculation（化学计算化学计算 ）3.2数学术语： 运算名称additionsubstractionmulplicationdivision动词读法addsubstract(ed)frommultiply(ied)bydivide(d)by介词读法plusminustimesover运算结果 sumdifferenceproductquotient0.001o/zeropointo
9、oone2/3twothirdsequals/isequaltoisapproximatelyequaltolessthangreaterthanx2xsquaredx3xcubedx-10xtotheminustenthpower100oconehundreddegreescentigrade5%fivepercent(bymass,volume)（）roundbrackets/parenthesessquare/angularbracketsbraces基本形状linearpyramidal三角锥的trigonaltetrahedral正四面体的squarespherical球形的rect
10、angularovalcircleplanarsteroscopicPart4Translation(English-ChineseandChinese-English)I.ImportantRoleofTranslation Translationisarenderingfromonelanguageintoanother,i.e.,thefaithfulrepresentationinonelanguageofwhatiswrittenorsaidinanotherlanguage.Asameansofcommunication,translationplayanimportantrole
11、inhumancivilization.Inthewest,literarytranslationcantracedbackto300BC,Whileinchina, recorded translation activities are even earlier, dating from the ZhouDynasty(1100BC).Hower,notuntilrecentcenturies,especiallybytheendofthe19thcenturydidsystematicstudyoftranslationgetunderway.Inthepastdecadestransla
12、tiontheoriesandactivities have developed fast at home and abord.Amordensocietyseesanextensiveuseoftranslationonvariousoccasion.Ifaforeignlanguageisgenerllyacceptedasatooloflife,translation then obviously serves as a dynamic means of emplooying this tool. A proper and dexterous translation helps to p
13、romote mutual understanding between pepoles of different cultural and social backgrounds, whereas a misunderstanding or improper rendering of words or expressions may lead to confusion.NatureandScopeofTranslation WhatisTranslation?Somepeoplebelieveitisascience,otherstakeitasanart;andyetmanyconsideri
14、tacraft,orrather,askill. Ofthesevariedopinions,whichoneholdstrueforourpurpose?Ifitreferstoasubject,namely,thestudyoftranslationtheoryandskills,itisnodoubtascience,ifitreferstosomespecificpiecesoftranslation,thenitismorelikeanart,Ifitreferstoaprocess,inwhichsomethingistranslated,thenwemayregarditasac
15、raftoraskill.Translationcoversaverybroadrange.Intermsoflanguages,itcanbedividedintotwocategories:fromnativelanguagesintoforeignlanguagesandviceversa;intermsofthemode,itcanbedividedintooralinterpretation,writtentranslationandmachinetranslation;intermsofmaterialstobetranslated,thereistranslationofscie
16、ntificmaterials,translationofliteraryworkssuchasnovels,poetydrama,etc.,translationofpoliticalessayssuchastreatisesonsocialproblems,reports,speeches,etc.,intermsofdisposal,itcanbeeitherfull-texttranslation,abridgedtranslationoradaptedtranslation.PrinciplesandCriteriaofTranslationTheso-calledprinciple
17、sandcriteriaoftranslationareactuallythetwosidesofthesamething.Theformerlaysemphasisonthetranslator;whilethelatteronthereaderorcritic. YanFus“three-characterguide”:faithfulness,expressivenessandelegance.LiteralTranslationandFreeTranslation Theso-calledliteraltranslation,generallyspeaking,means“nottoa
18、ltertheoriginalwordsandsentences”;strictlyspeaking,itstrives“tokeepthesentimentsandstyleoftheoriginal”. Freetranslationisanalternativeapproachwhichisusedmainlytoconverythemeaningandspiritoftheoriginalwithouttryingtoreproduceitssentencepatternsorfiguresofspeech. 1.Theresnopotsouglyitcantfindalid 2.Li
19、ttlefishdoesnoteatbigfish3.Whatthetonguesays,theneckpaysfor4.Whatwashatchedahenmustnottrytobearooster5.Agiftisthekeytoopenthedoorclosedagaistyou.TranslationTechniquesGenerallyspeaking,thebasictranslationtechniquesthatmeritourattentionandthataretobeappliedinEnglish-ChineseandChinese-Englishtranslatio
20、nsinclude:(1)Diction(2)Amplification(3)Omission(4)Repetition(5)Conversion(6)Restructuring(7)Negation(8)Division科技英语的写作科技论文中文写作科技论文英文写作科技论文的写作明确所研究的方向设计实验着手实验撰写论文科技论文的中文写作写作步骤3结论2结果与讨论1实验部分引言作者及单位题目参考文献摘要作者为几个单位的，请在右上角用上标形式标出去，姓名间空一格，作者单位标至二级单位，单位间用分号隔开； 作者及单位示例（注意项目、顺序、英文大小写、标点符号）示例（注意项目、顺序、英文大小写、标点
21、符号） 离体培养条件下半夏叶柄形成珠芽过程中内源激素的变化* 常 莉1) 徐有明1) 薛建平2)*(1)华中农业大学园艺林学学院，武汉 430070；2）安徽省淮北煤炭师范学院生物系，淮北235000)首首页面脚注示例（注意面脚注示例（注意项目、目、顺序及序及标点符号）点符号）*国家农业成果转化基金(05EFN213400124)和淮北市重点项目(06125)资助*通讯作者.E-mail:常莉,女,1981年生,华中农业大学园艺林学学院硕士研究生,武汉430070赵铭钦，男，1964年生，副教授.工作单位:河南农业大学农学院,国家烟草栽培生理生化基地,郑州450002.E-mail:中文摘要为
22、报道式摘要，包括简要介绍研究目的、材料、方法和结论，结果要求详细 。摘要关键词间用分号隔开，分号后空半格。 关键词摘要示例摘要示例为研究黄花蒿生长发育过程中青蒿素含量的动态变异特性，对黄花蒿生长发育过程中青蒿素含量的变化进行了研究，实验表明：黄花蒿下部叶中青蒿素含量明显高于中、上部；黄花蒿上午采收样青蒿素含量明显高于下午；时间越长，青蒿素的含量越黄花蒿生长高；黄花蒿在整个的生长发育过程中，从营养生长末期到花蕾期，青蒿素含量有递增趋势，开花后青蒿素含量明显下降。关键词：黄花蒿；青蒿素；动态变异；含量摘要：为了探讨不同穗型品种水稻的穗部性状与产量和稻米品质的关系（表示目的），以辽宁省近年育成的水稻
23、品种（品系）为试材（交待材料），（必要时介绍方法）进行了品种类型间的比较研究。结果表明：根据水稻着粒密度可将试材分为散穗型、半散穗型、半紧穗型和紧穗型四种类型。各类型间稻谷产量差异显著，其中半散穗型和半紧穗型品种产量较高。紧穗型品种的一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数和每穗空秕粒数都较多，成粒率较低。除了散穗型品种整精米率显著高于半散穗型和半紧穗型品种外，散穗型、半散穗型和半紧穗型间其它品质性状差异不显著，三者品质明显好于紧穗型品种。着粒密度与每穗成粒数、产量呈抛物线，与碱消值呈显著负相关，与谷草比呈显著正相关；产量与食味值呈显著的正相关。在籽粒灌浆结实期，半散穗型和半紧穗型品种的单叶净光合速率较高，后期
24、生产的干物质较多，谷草比较大（明确介绍结果）。半紧穗型和半散穗型品种在产量较高，食味品质较好，选择适宜着粒密度的材料，容易育出高产优质品种（得出结论）。包括研究的重要意义、前人研究进展、研究切入点及拟解决的关键问题。 前言前前言言示示例例：【本研究的重要意义】穗型是株型的重要组成部分，是水稻的重要形态特征之一，随着水稻穗型由弯到直，穗型与稻米品质的协调关系已成为日益重要的研究内容1-3。【前人研究进展】徐正进等4按颈穗弯曲角度划分为直立、半直立和弯曲3种穗型；周开达等5按单穗重划分为重穗型、中穗型和轻穗型；Yamamoto6等按着粒密度划分为紧穗型、半紧穗型、半散穗型和散穗型。徐正进等按穗型指
25、数2（PTI）划分为上部优势型、中部优势型和下部优势型。穗部性状与结实率7，与碾米品质8、物质积累与分配9，籽粒灌浆特性10以及产量潜力11关系密切。【本研究切入点】近年来，随着水稻品种产量不断提高和要求品质的改善，介于紧穗型和散穗型之间的中间类型有增加的趋势。【拟解决的关键问题】本文以辽宁省近年育成的水稻品种（品系）为材料，对以着粒密度为指标，对不同穗型品种的穗部性状和稻米品质进行探讨。旨在探索穗型分类与指标，为水稻产量提高和品质的改良提供理论依据。有机磷农药作为高效杀虫剂,对蔬菜、稻米、瓜果生长作出了巨大贡献,但是,这些农药对水体和生态环境的污染也日益严重，这些污染影响了人类的生存,它对人
26、畜毒性较大,近年来许多食物中毒事件都是由于有机磷等农药残留所引起的,农药残留严重威胁着人类健康。目前除了推广使用低毒农药外,研究此类农药的有效降解方法也有重要意义。近年来逐渐发展起来的光催化降解技术为这一问题的解决提供了良好的途径1-2。二氧化钛(TiO2)光催化降解技术是近年来逐渐发展起来污染治理的技术之一。TiO2在环保方面的突出优点就是活性高、稳定性好、对人体无害、过量使用也不会引发污染问题，成为最受欢迎的一种光催化剂，被称为“绿色”的污染治理技术3-4。TiO2及其改性物对农药的催化作用在国内较少报道,尤其是稀土改性的TiO2对农药降解的相关报道甚少,本文研究了铒掺杂TiO2对甲胺磷的
27、光催化降解的影响。科技论文的英文写作写作步骤4.Conclusion3.Rusultsanddiscussion2.Experimentalsection1.IntroductionAuthorandhisworkaddressTitleRefferenceAbstractFigurecaptionsAcknowledgement FiguresTablesKeep these in mind when you read What is the major question addressed in this paper?Is this question important and why?W
28、hat are the approaches used in this paper, and whether they are adequate for the questions?What are the novel idea or using innovative approaches?What is the concept coming out of this paper? Do the results presented support this new concept?How to Read Scientific Papers?How to Read Scientific Paper
29、s?TitlesImportant/significantUnexpected/unusualFunctionMechanismsStraight forward Rationale “remain unknown”; “To determine”Summary statement “Here we show”Body Dont go into details; dont use many special termsAbstractStudy on Dynamic Variance Character of Arteannuin Content in Artemisia annual1）Dep
30、artmentofChemistryandChemicalEngineering,HuaihuaUniversity,Huaihua418008)2）TheKeyLaboratoryofHunanProvinceforthestudyandutilizeofEthnomedicinalPlantResources,Huaihua418008)AbstractInthispaper,thedynamicVariancecharacteristicsofArteannuinContentwasstudied.Theresultsshowedthatartenisinincontentofartem
31、isiaannuainthelowerleavesishigherthanmiddleandupside;thecontentofmorningharvestingsamplesishigherthanafternoonharvestingsamples;thelongerthegrowthofartemisiaannua,thehigherthecontentis;inthewholeprocessofartemisiaannuagrowth,theartenisinincontentincreasedgraduallyfromlatevegetativestagetofullbudstag
32、e,butitdecreasedsignificantlyafterfloweringstage.Key words: Artemisia annua; Artemisinin; Dynamic variance characterStudies on Dynamic Variance Character of Arteanuin Content in Artemisia annualAbstractInthispaper,thedynamicvariancecharacterwasstudiedonarteanuincontentinartemisiaannualgrowingdevelop
33、ment.Theresultsshow：artenisinincontentishigheronlowerpartthanmiddleandupsideinleafofannualartemisia.Theartemisinincontentishighercollectionat8:00a.mthanat3:00p.minleafofannualartemisia.Ifplantingisearlierorgrowingdevelopmenttimeislonger，arteannuincontentishigther.Theartenisinincontentincreasesgradua
34、llyfromlatevegetativestagetofullbud（芽）stage,butitdecreasesmarkedlyonthefloweringstageKey words: annua Artemisia; Artemisinin; Dynamic variance characterSummary of main findings Papers that support you, but dont downgrade your noveltyPitfalls and whySignificance. Dont speculate too muchDiscussionLogi
35、c Need to explain the rationales in the beginningConnections between paragraphs Dont jumpResultsResultsmain findingssignificancesuggested reviewers“not to review” listwho have readCover LettersCover LettersBe calm about reviewers criticisms.Always make editor your friendNever argue with reviewersTry
36、 to do everything that reviewers askSeize the opportunity when reviewers make mistakesRevise your paperRevise your paperReadtheAbstractandthenanswerthequestions:（中文回答）Tuthor:ZHANGDeng-wei,TENGXin-ying,LIBo,ZHANGWen-jieTitle:EffectsofAIonGlass-FormingAbilityandThermalStabilityofCu-BasedMetallicGlassA
37、bstract:TheCu45Zr45.5-yTi9.5Aly（y=2,4,6,8）bulkmetallicglass（BMG）alloysweresynthesizedincoppermoldcastinginanargonatmosphere.TheeffectofA1ontheglassformingability（GFA）wasanalyzed.ThemicrostructureandthermalpropertieswereinvestigatedbymeansofX-raydiffraction（XRD）,scanningelectronmicroscope（SEM）aswella
38、sdifferentialscanningcalorimetrieally（DSC）,separately.Theresultsshowthatwhenx（Al）=6%,theglassformingability（GFA）andthermalstabilityarethebest.Thealloyhasthelargestsupercooledliquidregion,about65.3,andtheglasstransitiontemperature（trg）is0.61.Whereasthesampleswithx（Al）=4%exhibitthebesttrg,whichis0.64,however,thesupercooledliquidregionisonly48.4(1)Whatmethodswereusedtoanalyzethemicrostructureandthermalpropertiesofalloys?(2)Whatdothewords“supercooled”and“theglasstransitiontemperature”mean?(3)Whatarethemainresultsofthisstudy?
