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1、第三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第十三节句子成分，简单句及分类(一) 句子成分成分作用充当此成分的词语主语动作的执行者名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等谓语说明主语“做什么”行为动词、连系动词、情态动词动词原形、助动词行为动词的相应形式表语说明主语的身份、特征或状态名词、数词、形容词、副词、分词或动词不定式等宾语跟在及物动词或“不及物动词介词”后名词、代词、动词不定式或动名词等定语修饰名词或代词形容词、名词、数词或动词不定式等状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整句话副词、介词短语、动词不定式短语或从句等补足语补充说明宾语动词不定式短语、名词、形容词或分词等1(二) 简单句的五种基本句型主语Subj
2、ect(S)谓语部分Predicate谓语Verb (V) 表语Predicative (P) 宾语Object (O) 宾语补足语ObjectComplement (OC) SVWework.(不及物动词) SVOILike (及物动词) basketballs.SVPTheyare (连系动词) beautiful.SVINODOShegave (及物动词) me(间宾)a book(直宾)SVOOCHeMade (及物动词) melaugh.2(三)简单句的分类：按用途分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句概念陈述观点或看法的句子，句末用句号陈述句肯定句意思表示肯定的句子否定句含有否定词no
3、t，no，never，seldom，hardly等的句子疑问句一般疑问句 (用yes，no来回答) be型：用be来回答do，does，did，have，has，had，will，would 型：用什么问，就用什么来回答can，may，must型：must 的一般疑问句的否定回答用neednt或dont/doesnt have to；may的一般疑问句的否定回答用cant 特殊疑问句(以wh或how开头的疑问句) 疑问词一般疑问句选择疑问句(不能用yes，no来回答) 一般疑问句or选择部分Do you like Beijing or Shanghai？I like Beijing.反意疑问句
4、前肯后否，前否后肯，用yes，no来回答3祈使句否定句Dont肯定祈使句Be型Be careful./Dont be careless.Do型Listen to me carefully.Let型Let me help you.感叹句What型What a/anadj.可数名词单数主语谓语！Whatadj.可数名词复数/不可数名词主语谓语！How型Howadj./adv.主语谓语！4(四)反意疑问句考点1陈述句部分含有前、后缀否定词dislike，unhappy，unlike，impossible，careless等时，要“前肯后否”。Tom dislikes studying, doesnt
5、 he?Linda is unhappy now, isnt she?2陈述部分是there be 句型时，不能把there改成it，they。There was an exciting movie last night, wasnt there?3除lets 祈使句的附加疑问句为shall we。其余祈使句的附加疑问句均为will you。Let us walk to the mountain, will you?Lets walk to the mountain, shall we?54前否后肯的反意疑问句回答时，yes和no的含义交换。1)You have never been late
6、 for school, have you?No, I havent. (是的，我从不迟到。)I always get up early every morning.2)She isnt your sister, is she?Yes, she is.(不，她是我姐姐。)No, she isnt.(是的，她不是我姐姐。)5had better 的附加疑问句由had构成。Hed better not stay up late, had he?66have/has/had 在完成时和不在完成时中的附加疑问句。1)Lily has never been to London, has she?2)Th
7、ey had a good time in Hainan, didnt they?3)Tony has to do housework on weekends, doesnt he?7I am 的附加疑问句是arent I。I am right, arent I?7(五)感叹句考点Whatadj.不可数名词主语谓语！What bad weather it was yesterday!What nice music it is!8考点一简单句1(2016中考改编)Tom_his father，because they both are cheerful and easygoing.()Alook
8、s likeBtakes afterCdoesnt take after2(2016中考改编)Where did you go for your winter vacation?My family went to Paris._ had a great time.()AHeBSheCWe3(2016中考改编)We will have a field trip this afternoon.The news makes everyone_.()AexcitedBfrightenedChappilyBCA94(2016中考改编)How can you study in the living roo
9、m when other people are watching TV? I think you need a_place.()AcleanerBquieter Csafer5(2016中考改编)Look！There is a horse racing program on TV now.Hmm.It_exciting.()Aseems Blooks likeCseems like6(2016中考改编)The story is_and all of us are_in it. ()A. interest; interestingB. interesting; interestC. intere
10、sting; interested7(2016中考改编)She plays the guitar wonderfully.Yes.And her voice sounds_，too.()AbeautifulBmore beautifulCbeautifullyBACA108(2016中考改编)Before going to the History Museum，our teacher told us_the public rules.()AobeyBto obeyCobeying9(2016中考改编) You cant sneeze and keep your eyes_at the same
11、 time. ( )AopenBopensCopenedBA11考点二陈述句和疑问句1(2016中考改编)_ you_the Beatles story?Yes.And their songs are popular.()ADid; hearBDo; listen toCHave; heard of2(2016中考改编)Mr Wangs never been to Canada，has he?_.He went there on business last week.()ANo，he hasntBYes，he hasCNo，he has3(2016中考改编)_ an Art Festival
12、in your school each term?No，but there is an English party.()AAre thereBIs thereCDo we haveCBB124(2016中考改编)Your mother has never tried shopping on the Internet，_？(完成反意疑问句)5(2016中考改编)The kid is playing the piano _.(对划线部分提问)_is the kid _ the piano?has sheat the school music clubWhereplaying13考点三感叹句1(20
13、16中考改编)Look at the photo of the Smiths._ happy they are！()AHowBWhatCHow a2(2016中考改编)Listen！Someone is playing the piano.Wow！_ beautiful music！I like it very much.()AWhatBHow a CWhat a3(2016中考改编)_ nice day it is today！Lets go out to play，shall we?Thats a good idea.()AHow a BWhat aCHowAAB144(2016中考改编)
14、Ive just got a postcard from my pen friend.Let me have a look.Wow._ nice card！()AWhatBWhat aCHow5(2016中考改编)_good job she does！She is really a clever girl.()AWhatBHowCWhat aBC15考点四祈使句1(2016中考改编)Im worried about tomorrows math exam._.Im sure you will make it.()ABad luckBWhat a pityCTake it easy2(2016中
15、考改编)_more，and youll improve your spoken English.()ASpeak BSpeaksCSpeaking3(2016中考改编)Im leaving now._ you turn off the lights.()ATo make sureBMake sureCMaking sureCAB164(2016中考改编)_ late for school again，Tim!Sorry，I promise that I_.()ADont; wontBDont be; wont CDont be; dont5(2016中考改编) John，clean your room，_？()Awill youBshall weCdoesnt heBA17
