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1、第二部分专题四语法填空专题四语法填空知识运用篇知识运用篇无提示词填空无提示词填空第五讲并列句和三大从句第五讲并列句和三大从句1 1技技 能能 突突 破破3 3随随 堂堂 训训 练练2 2走走 出出 误误 区区4 4复复 习习 练练 案案技技 能能 突突 破破技法1：依据上下逻辑，选择并列句连词高考语法填空不仅考查词汇和固定搭配，还要考查句子之间的逻辑关系，高考有关并列句连词的考查题目几乎每年都有。(2017北京高考)Peter，please send us postcards _ well know where you have visited.No problem.解题思路分析句子结构此题中
2、有两个主谓的句子根据句子间关系可判断两句之间存在因果关系尝试解答：_so 技法解读并列连词主要是用来表示并列、转折、选择、因果推理 等关系。也可用来连接平行的词、词组或分句。1表示并列关系的连词：and和；both.and.两者都；either.or.或者或者；neither.nor.既不也不；as well as也，连同；not only.but(also).不但而且。Bob as well as his parents is going on holiday this summer.鲍勃和他的父母今年夏天要去度假。2表示转折关系的并列连词：but但是；yet然而；still仍然；while
3、然而。The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天却很温暖。3表示选择关系的连词：or或者；or else否则；otherwise否则；neither.nor.既不也不；either.or.或者或者。Neither you nor I nor anyone else believes such things.不管你我或者其他任何人都不会相信这些事。4表示因果推理关系的连词主要有so，for，then，therefore 等。The leaves of the trees are
4、falling，for its already autumn.树叶在落下，因为秋天已经到来了。5when也可作并列连词用，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time，常用于以下句式：be doing.when.；be about to do/going to do/on the point of doing.when.；had just done.when。(2015广东高考)One day，the cow was eating grass _ it began to rain heavily.(2014全国卷)But river wasnt changed in a
5、 few days _ even a few months.(2013辽宁高考)Go to the village and buy some salt，but pay a fair price for it：neither too much _ too little.when or nor (2014北京高考改编)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another，_ plants can spread to new places.(2015北京高考改编)He is a shy man，_ he is not afraid of anythin
6、g or anyone.(2014天津高考改编)Give me a chance，_Ill give you a wonderful surprise.so but and 技法2：按照先行词所作成分，选择定语从句关系词定语从句是考生学习的重点和难点，其关键是确定关系词。(2016全国卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s，_ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit car
7、ing for pandas.解题思路分析句子结构名词(先行词)主语系动词表语其他成分可判断此处为定语从句判断先行词指人还是指物先行词指时间判断先行词在从句中所作成分在句中作状语尝试解答：_when 技法解读 1.分析句子成分，判定关系词(1)当定语从句部分缺少主语、宾语、定语时，要想到分别采用who(指人)/that(指人或物)/which(指物)，whom(指人)，whose(指人或物)。The person who called yesterday wants to buy the house.昨天打电话的人想买这套房子。I like the book best whose cover
8、is green.我最喜欢封皮是绿色的这本书。(2)当定语从句部分缺少时间状语、地点状语、原因状语时，要想到分别采用when，where，why。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍旧记得第一次来这个学校的那一天。(1) that不能引导非限制性定语从句。(2)which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或者部分内容。Tom failed again in the match，which was a great pity.汤姆在比赛中又一次失利了，这是一个非常大的遗憾。(3) as/which引导非限制性
9、定语从句的区别：as和which都可引导非限制性定语从句，代表主句的内容。as在句中的位置比较灵活，意为“正如，正像”；which只能用在句中，意为“这，这一点”。The mother tried to persuade her son to give up smoking，which didnt help.母亲竭力说服儿子放弃吸烟，但没有效果。As is known to all，China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 2.“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句(1)介词后填写关系代词时，只可能为which(指物)或whom(指人)，不能用tha
10、t。(2)关系副词when，where在定语从句中，一般可改为“介词 which”的情况。而why在定语从句中可替换为for which。I saw some trees，the leaves of which were black with disease.我看到一些树，树叶由于疾病是黑色的。(3)“名词of which”常代替“whose名词”在定语从句中作定语。He mentioned a book，the title of which(whose title)Ive forgotten.他提到了一本书，书的名字我已经忘了。(2016全国卷)Some people think that
11、the great Chinese scholar Confucius，_ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B C，influenced the development of chopsticks.(2015全国卷)Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.(20
12、15广东高考)When harvest came around.he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cotton in the market _ people from the town met regularly.who that/which where 技法3：判断从句所缺成分，选择名词性从句连接词名词性从句一直很受高考命题者的青睐，主要考查名词性从句中连接词的用法。有时候，会结合插入语使句子结构复杂化，使难度增加。(2015全国卷)As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out
13、exactly_ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.分析句子结构此句_thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days在动词短语figure out之后可判断为宾语从句根据从句中所缺成分从句中缺少一个修饰形容词的连接副词尝试解答：_how 技法解读1紧抓名词性从句的基本定义，掌握其引导词。引导词引导词用法用法连词连词that，whether，if等等均不在句中作成分。均不在句中作成分。that没有
14、意义，引导宾语从句时可省没有意义，引导宾语从句时可省略；略；whether和和if意为意为“是否是否”，在宾语从句中一般可互，在宾语从句中一般可互换，但在其他名词性从句中只能用换，但在其他名词性从句中只能用whether连接连接代词代词what，who，whom，which，whatever，whoever ，whichever等等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分连接连接副词副词when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however等等在从句中作状语在从句中作状语2.注意以下两点。当句子作主语/宾语时往往显得“头重脚轻”，故常用
15、it 作形式主语/形式宾语，而把真正的主语/宾语放在后 面。 It had never occurred to him that he might be falling in love with her.他从来没想到过他也许爱上了她。The teacher made it clear that ice cream is junk food.老师使大家明白了冰激凌是垃圾食品。“the reason why.bethat从句”形式的表语从句。The reason why he moved to Australia was that he wanted to have a good knowledg
16、e of Australian literature.他移居澳大利亚的原因是想学习(精通)澳大利亚文学。3what引导名词性从句的五种用法：表示“的东西或 事情”；表示“的人或样子”；表示“的数量或数目”；表示“的时间”；表示“的地方”。In 1492，Columbus reached what is now called America.1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。(2014广东高考)I didnt understand _ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reserva
17、tion.(2015江苏高考改编)_ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some wont accept it.(2015安徽高考改编)A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not _ ships are built for.(2017北京高考)Every year，_ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.how Where/when what whoever 技法4：根
18、据连词含义，破解状语从句高考对状语从句的考查主要是连词的判断选用以及主句与从句谓语动词的时态运用。其中，以对时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句和结果状语从句的考查较多。重点考查的连词有when，while，after，before，unless，although等。(2016全国卷)Over time，_the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.解题思路分析句子结构句子缺少连词根据句意：as.grow，随着的增长尝试解答：_as 技法解读1牢记
19、连词词义并能够熟练运用是解答题目的先决条件。2重点关注几组连词用法：(1)常考的时间状语从句的引导词是when，while，as；另外before是高考重点，表示“在之前，要过时间才”。We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。(2)考查让步状语从句的引导词是though，although，whever等。Though she is clever，she often makes mistakes.虽然她聪明，但她经常犯错误。(3)常考条件状语从句的引导词是if，unless。注意主从句的时
20、态呼应也常考到。一般来说从句是一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。lf you dont study hard，youll fail the exam.如果你不努力学习，考试就会不及格。(4)常考地点状语从句引导词是where，wherever；原因状语从句引导词是because，since，as；结果状语从句引导词是so.that，such.that，so that等。As young men，we should learn to stand up where we fell.作为年轻人，我们应该学会从哪儿摔倒就从哪儿站起来。(2017北京高考)_ birds use their feathers
21、 for flight，some of their feathers are for other purposes. (2016四川高考)_ it cried，she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.(2015北京高考)_ the damage is done，it will take many years for the farmland to recover.(2015天津高考改编)We need to get to the root of the problem _ we can solve it.T
22、hough/ Although When/If Once before 连接词判断两标准1若两个或几个简单句之间是逗号，则一定是填连词。2然后通过判断句子结构，确定句子类型。(1)如上下句为对等并列，则填并列连词；(2)如判断为定语从句，先看从句所缺句子成分，再看先行词指代；(3)如判断为名词性从句，则分析从分是否缺成分或缺少什么成分；(4)如判断为状语从句，先判断上下句的逻辑关系，再确定连词。走走 出出 误误 区区易错点1混淆并列句与定语从句(2015重庆高考改编)He wrote many childrens books，nearly half of_were published in t
23、he 1990s.(母题变式)He wrote many childrens books，_nearly half of them were published in the 1990s.which and 点拨句中，先行词为childrens books，在从句中作介词of的宾语，故要用which。句中，两句话之间存在并列关系，故填and。易错点2混淆定语从句的先行词(2014重庆高考改编)Well reach the sales targets in a month_we set at the beginning of the year.(母题变式)Well reach the sales
24、 targets in a month _we will have a big party for celebration.that/which when 点拨(1)句中，先行词为the sales targets，在从句中作动词set的宾语；句中先行词为a month，在从句中作状语。(2)根据以上分析，句填that/which，句填when。易错点3混淆名词性从句连词what与that(2015陕西高考改编)Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for_Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
25、(母题变式)Reading her biography,1 was lost in admiration for the fact_Doris Lessing had achieved so much in literature.what that 点拨句中，for是介词，故后面的从句是宾语从句，而从句中achieve缺宾语，故填what。句中从句不缺成分，可判断为同位语从句，故填that。易错点4混淆状语从句连词的用法(2015重庆高考改编)If you miss this chance，it may be years_you get another one.(母题变式)It has bee
26、n years_you missed this chance.before since 点拨固定表达itwill/can be时间段before.，表示“在之后才”；固定表达itis/has been 时间段 since.，表示“自从已经”。随随 堂堂 训训 练练.易错练习 1.用and或but填空(2017漳州一模)My son was invited to attend the competition and the parents were expected to pay for their children.My son was excited，_ I felt helpless.(2
27、017长春二模)They were still drunk in the morning，_ they drove their rented car to the airport.(2017枣庄二模)The streets were crowded with people _ the shops were full of wonderful things. Ebooks have become a part of our daily life _ they have satisfied the needs of the quick pace of our life.but but and an
28、d 2用that/which或 where填空(2017江西一模)I work in the big factory in a town _ is quite far from my house.(2017成都二模) In 1888 he sailed to England，_ he studied law for three years and became a lawyer.(2017北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street，not knowing_ she was heading.But I find myself think
29、ing about all the wonderful places _ my parents and I paid a visit to during my senior year.that/which where where that/which 3用that或 what填空(2017昆明一模)l hurried to the hospital and asked the people around _ had happened.(2017六盘山二模)Whats great is that you can easily compare products and their prices，s
30、o you can get _ you want at the best possible price.(2017武昌二模) Most parents dont realize its effect on their children and most parents are slow to admit the fact _ they leave their children alone.He said the book was very interesting and _ all the children liked to read it.what what that that .语篇练习：
31、用适当的连接词填空。In the summer of 1848，in Guatemala，a man called Ambrosio Tut went into the jungle 1. _he usually worked every day.Tut was a gum-collector(树胶采集者)，looking for gum in the jungle.To do this，he had to climb the trees.On one particular day，he got to the top of one tree and something caught his e
32、ye.He looked out across the trees and saw the tops of some old buildings.Tut didnt really know 2._he had seen but he knew it was something special.He ran to tell the local governor，and together they walked into the jungle.There they found Tikal(蒂卡尔)，the city 3._the Mayans had built many hundreds of
33、years before.The two men saw temples and pyramids，squares and houses，and places 4._kings had lived 5._the Mayan people ruled the region.wherewhat that/which where when For a long time before that day，local people had known 6._somewhere in the jungle there was an old Mayan city，but no one had seen it
34、 for centuries.Between 200 and 900 AD，the city of Tikal had been the center of Mayan civilization in the region，but then the Mayans left there，nobody knows 7._！ After 1000 AD，the jungle began to cover it and people forgot that it was there.Seven years 8._Tut looked out for the trees，two British expl
35、orers had gone to Guatemala and had written a report about Mayan treasures in the jungle，but they didnt mention Tikal.Even earlier than this，local Indians had told European travelers about a great city hidden in the trees，9._no one would listen to them.Then the news 10._the lost city had been found
36、again made archaeologists (考古学家) extremely glad.that why before but that 解析：定语从句补全为He usually worked every day in the jungle.故从句中缺少地点状语。解析：句意：Tut真不知道他看到的是什么，但是他知道那是一些特殊的东西。分析句子可知，从句中缺少宾语，指物，故填what。解析：that/which引导定语从句，修饰the city。解析：分析句子结构可知，从句部分缺少地点状语。解析：由空后句子the Mayan people ruled the region可知表示玛雅人统治这一地区的时期，故用when引导时间状语从句。解析：句意：那天之前的很长一段时间，当地人就知道丛林里的某个地方有一个古老的玛雅城市。从句中不缺少成分，且意义完整，故用that引导宾语从句。复复 习习 练练 案案
