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1、Unit 9n分译法分译法(Division)n合译法合译法(Combination) 1 1n n试比较下列句子的两种译法：试比较下列句子的两种译法：n n1. Matter has certain features or properties that enable us to recognize it easily. n n物质具有一定的物质具有一定的能使我们容易识别它们的能使我们容易识别它们的特征。特征。n n物质具有一定的特征，我们可以根据这些特征来物质具有一定的特征，我们可以根据这些特征来识别它们。识别它们。n n2. Immediately, the bandit opened
2、fire, killing four workers and injuring the fifth who later died of his wounds.n n刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了后来死于枪伤的后来死于枪伤的第五个人。第五个人。n n刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了另一名。另一名。这名工人后来也因伤势过重而死去这名工人后来也因伤势过重而死去。2 2n n3. 3. Shewentbackhometotakecareofherhusband.Hewasseriouslyill.
3、n她回家去照料她的丈夫。他正患重她回家去照料她的丈夫。他正患重病。病。n她回家去照料病重的丈夫。她回家去照料病重的丈夫。nTheysatdowninthewaiting-roomtodosomereading.Peoplecametoandfromthere.n他们在候车室坐下来看点书。候车室里他们在候车室坐下来看点书。候车室里人来人往。人来人往。n他们在人来人往的候车室里坐下来看点他们在人来人往的候车室里坐下来看点书。书。3 3分译法与合译法分译法与合译法n n分译法：分译法： 英语中长较多，句中修饰语多且长，使句子英语中长较多，句中修饰语多且长，使句子结构复杂。结构复杂。 有时原文中的一个
4、词或短语很难有时原文中的一个词或短语很难照原样处理，有必要将其单独译成一个句子，照原样处理，有必要将其单独译成一个句子，或者是将一个长句切分成两个或两个以上的或者是将一个长句切分成两个或两个以上的句子。句子。n n合译法：合译法： 将两个或两个以上的单词，单句，复合句和将两个或两个以上的单词，单句，复合句和并列句压缩糅合在一起翻译的情况，使其更并列句压缩糅合在一起翻译的情况，使其更符合汉语的洗练简洁的特点，从而避免译文符合汉语的洗练简洁的特点，从而避免译文的拖泥带水和罗嗦的缺点。的拖泥带水和罗嗦的缺点。4 4分译法分译法n n1 1. .单词分译（单词分译（单词分译（单词分译（WordDivi
5、sionWordDivision） 把原文中的一个单词翻译成句子，把原文中的一个单词翻译成句子，把原文中的一个单词翻译成句子，把原文中的一个单词翻译成句子，使使使使原文的一个句子原文的一个句子原文的一个句子原文的一个句子分成两个或两个以上的句子。分成两个或两个以上的句子。分成两个或两个以上的句子。分成两个或两个以上的句子。n nA.A.副词（副词（副词（副词（adverbsadverbs）n n1 1）IllogicallyIllogically, ,sheshehadhadexpectedexpectedsomesomekindkindofofmiraclemiraclesolution.s
6、olution.n n 她她她她满满满满以以以以为为为为会会会会有有有有某某某某种种种种奇奇奇奇迹迹迹迹般般般般的的的的解解解解决决决决办办办办法法法法，这这这这显显显显然然然然不不不不合合合合情理情理情理情理。n n2) 2) WeWerecognizerecognizethatthatChinasChinaslong-termlong-termmodernizationmodernizationprogramprogram understandablyunderstandably andand necessarilynecessarily emphasizesemphasizesecono
7、micgrowth.economicgrowth.n n我们认识到，中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重我们认识到，中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重我们认识到，中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重我们认识到，中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点，这是可以理解的，也是必要的。点，这是可以理解的，也是必要的。点，这是可以理解的，也是必要的。点，这是可以理解的，也是必要的。5 5n nB. 形容词形容词 (adjectives)：n n1）Thatregionwasthemost clearly identifiabletroublespot.n n那那地地区区是是个个麻麻烦烦的的地地方方，这这是是大
8、大家家最最容容易易看看得出来的。得出来的。n n2) The number of the young people in theUnitedStateswhocannotreadisincredible-aboutoneinfour.n n大大约约有有四四分分之之一一的的美美国国青青年年人人没没有有阅阅读读能能力力，这简直令人难以置信。这简直令人难以置信。6 6nC. 名词 (nouns)n1) Atpresentpeoplehaveatendencytochoosethesafetyofthemiddle-groundreply.n现在，人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态现在，人们都倾向于采取不偏
9、不倚的态度来回答问题，因为它安全，不招风险。度来回答问题，因为它安全，不招风险。7 7n n2. 把短语分译成句子。nA. 分词短语（participial phrases）n1) The car accident changed him bymaking him reevaluate his goals in life.n这这场场车车祸祸使使他他有有所所改改变变，他他重重新新审审视视了了自自己的人生目标。己的人生目标。n2) Theywereathomeinthehomeoftheirfriends，moving confidently without fearn他们在朋友家里感到自在，进出
10、时心里踏他们在朋友家里感到自在，进出时心里踏实，无所顾虑。实，无所顾虑。8 8B. B. 名词短语名词短语 (noun phrases)(noun phrases)n n1 1）Themilitaryisforbiddentokillthevessel,Themilitaryisforbiddentokillthevessel,a a relatively easy taskrelatively easy task. .n n军方被禁止击毁这艘潜艇，虽然要击毁它并不怎么费军方被禁止击毁这艘潜艇，虽然要击毁它并不怎么费军方被禁止击毁这艘潜艇，虽然要击毁它并不怎么费军方被禁止击毁这艘潜艇，虽然要击
11、毁它并不怎么费事。事。事。事。 n n2）Andagrowingminorityofwesternintellectualsagreed.n n越来越多的西方知识分子当时接受这种看法，越来越多的西方知识分子当时接受这种看法，虽然从数量上来说他们仍是少数。虽然从数量上来说他们仍是少数。n n3）Hehaslongbeenheldincordial contemptbyhiscolleagues;nowthatcontemptwasnolongercordial.n n长期以来，他的同僚们虽然看不起他，却还是长期以来，他的同僚们虽然看不起他，却还是对他有些亲切感；现在，除了看不起之外，亲对他有些亲
12、切感；现在，除了看不起之外，亲切感已没有了。切感已没有了。9 9n nC. C. 介词短语介词短语 (prepositional phrases)(prepositional phrases)n1）Hetookahouseon a lease of ten years.n他租了一栋房子，租期为十年。他租了一栋房子，租期为十年。n2）Inthedoorwaylayatleasttwelveumbrellaof all sizes and colors.n门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有十二门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。把，五颜六色，大小不一。1010n3. 把句子拆开把句子拆开
13、 (Sentence Division)nA. 简单句分译简单句分译 (simple sentences)n1）Daybreakcomeswiththickmistanddrizzle.n黎明时分，大雾弥漫，细雨蒙蒙。黎明时分，大雾弥漫，细雨蒙蒙。nIn1921hismothersdeathwascloselyfollowedbythatofhisthree-year-olddaughter。n1921年，他的母亲去世，紧接着他三岁年，他的母亲去世，紧接着他三岁的女儿也死去。的女儿也死去。1111n nB.B.复合句分译复合句分译复合句分译复合句分译 (complexsentences)(co
14、mplexsentences)n n英英英英语语语语复复复复合合合合句句句句常常常常常常常常在在在在分分分分句句句句连连连连接接接接处处处处加加加加以以以以切切切切分分分分，译译译译成成成成两两两两个个个个或两个以上的句子。或两个以上的句子。或两个以上的句子。或两个以上的句子。n n1 1）ElizabethElizabethwaswasdetermineddeterminedtotomakemakenonoefforteffortforforconversationconversationwithwitha awoman,woman,whowhowaswasnownowmoremoretha
15、nthanusuallyinsolentanddisagreeable.usuallyinsolentanddisagreeable.n n伊伊伊伊丽丽丽丽莎莎莎莎白白白白不不不不肯肯肯肯再再再再和和和和这这这这样样样样一一一一个个个个女女女女人人人人说说说说话话话话，这这这这个个个个女女女女人人人人现现现现在异常无礼，非常令人反感。在异常无礼，非常令人反感。在异常无礼，非常令人反感。在异常无礼，非常令人反感。n n2 2）Theytriedtostampouttherevolt,whichspreadTheytriedtostampouttherevolt,whichspreadmorefu
16、riouslythroughoutthecountry.morefuriouslythroughoutthecountry.n n他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗越来越猛，遍及全国。他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗越来越猛，遍及全国。他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗越来越猛，遍及全国。他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗越来越猛，遍及全国。1212n n3）Theyremarkednowhetookadifferentseatfromthatwhichheusuallyoccupiedwhenhechosetoattenddivineworship.n n他往常做礼拜的时候，总坐在固定的座位他往常做礼拜的时候，总坐在固定
17、的座位上，可是那天他们发现他不坐在老位置了。上，可是那天他们发现他不坐在老位置了。n ndivineworship:神的崇拜；神圣的礼拜仪式神的崇拜；神圣的礼拜仪式神的崇拜；神圣的礼拜仪式神的崇拜；神圣的礼拜仪式 n n4）Thesunisamassofcondensedgasesorliquid,thetemperatureofwhichisabout10,000onthesurface.n n太阳是由气体或液体凝聚而成的团块，其太阳是由气体或液体凝聚而成的团块，其表面温度约为表面温度约为10,000。1313n n定定语语从从句句比比较较长长，译译成成汉汉语语定定语语时时显显得得罗罗嗦嗦，
18、或或定定语语从从句句结结构构并并不不长长，但但译译成成汉汉语语定定语语后后不不合合逻逻辑辑或或不不符符合合汉汉语语表表达达习习惯惯，就就把把定定语语从从句句拆拆译译成成汉汉语语的的并并列列的的独独立立句句。这这时时可可重重复复先先行行词词，或或用用代代词词“这这、那那、其其”作作为为独独立立的的主主语语，当当从从句句中中的的which和和as代代表表整整个个主主句句时时，一一般般都都译译成成并并列列句句，主主语语用用上上述述的的代代词词。有有时时从从句句具具有有一一定定的的状状语语意意义义，翻翻译译时时应把状语意义表达出来。应把状语意义表达出来。 1414合译法合译法：n n1词的合译词的合译
19、(WordsCombination)n n1) You will supply financial power, and wellsupplymanpower.Isntthatfair and square?n n你们出钱，我们出人，这难道还不公平吗？你们出钱，我们出人，这难道还不公平吗？n n2)Hisfatherisamanwhoforgives and forgets.n n他的父亲非常宽容。他的父亲非常宽容。n n3) Her son was wise and clever, but herdaughterwassilly and foolish.n n她的儿子非常聪明，可女儿却很笨。
20、她的儿子非常聪明，可女儿却很笨。1515n n2.句子合译句子合译(SentencesCombination)n n1）简单句与简单句的合译）简单句与简单句的合译(simplesentences)n nA.把两个或两个以上的简单句合译成一个把两个或两个以上的简单句合译成一个简简单句单句。n n1)Hewasclean.Hismindwasopen.n n他为人单纯而坦率。他为人单纯而坦率。n n2)HisfatherhadasmallbusinessinthecityofHomestead(姆姆斯斯代代德德城城).ThiscityisinthesouthofFloridanearthesea.
21、n n他他父父亲亲在在佛佛罗罗里里达达南南部部沿沿海海姆姆斯斯代代德德城城做做小小生意。生意。1616n nB.把两个或两个以上的简单句翻译成一个把两个或两个以上的简单句翻译成一个复合句复合句(complexsentence)。n n1)Theyoungmanwasverymiserable.Hehad no money about him. All his savingshadbeenstolen.n n这这个个年年轻轻人人真真惨惨，已已落落到到身身无无分分文文的的地地步步，因为因为他的全部积蓄都被偷了。他的全部积蓄都被偷了。n n2）Johnhadbeenpickedubyanothers
22、hip.Theshipscaptainhadsentoutamessage.n n约约翰翰被被另另一一艘艘船船救救起起，因因为为他他遇遇难难的的那那艘艘船的船长发出了救援信号。船的船长发出了救援信号。1717n2）并列句的合译）并列句的合译(compoundsentences)nA.把一个并列句合译成一个把一个并列句合译成一个简单句简单句。n1)In1844EngelsmetMarx,andtheybecamefriends.n1844年年恩恩格格斯斯与与马马克克思思相相遇遇并并成成为为了了好好朋友。朋友。n2)Missingorcrookedteethmaycausespeech defec
23、ts, and unpleasant facialexpressionsmayresult.n缺齿或畸形齿影响发音和面容。缺齿或畸形齿影响发音和面容。1818n n3）复合句的合译（）复合句的合译（ComplexSentenceCombination）n n把把原原文文中中的的主主从从复复合合句句（subordinativecompound ）或或并并列列复复合合句句（compound-complexsentence）译译成成一一个个简简单句。单句。n n1) When we praise the Chinese leadershipand the people, we are not mer
24、ely beingpolite.n n我我们们对对中中国国领领导导人人和和中中国国人人民民的的赞赞扬扬不不仅仅仅仅是出于礼貌。是出于礼貌。n n2)Theriverissowidethatonecannotseetheoppositebank.n n这条河宽得一眼望不到对岸。这条河宽得一眼望不到对岸。1919Exercise 1n nTranslate the following sentences by using Division.n n1. They，not surprisingly，did not respond at alln n2. Auntie Julia vainly aske
25、d each of her neighbors in turn to tell her what Mary had said.n n3. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.n n4. But another round of war in the region clearly would put stains on international relations.n n5. This design with all its disadvantages is considered to
26、be one of the best.2020Exercise 1n nTranslate the following sentences by using Division.Translate the following sentences by using Division.n n1. They1. They，not not surprisinglysurprisingly，did not respond at alldid not respond at alln n他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。n n2. Auntie Julia 2. Auntie
27、 Julia vainlyvainly asked each of her neighbors in turn to tell her asked each of her neighbors in turn to tell her what Mary had said.what Mary had said.n n茱莉亚姨妈接连向坐在旁边的人打听玛丽刚才说了些什么，却茱莉亚姨妈接连向坐在旁边的人打听玛丽刚才说了些什么，却没有问出个所以然来。没有问出个所以然来。n n3. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, 3. Energy can neit
28、her be created nor destroyed, a universally a universally accepted lawaccepted law. .n n能量既不能创造也不能消灭能量既不能创造也不能消灭, , 这是公认的法则。这是公认的法则。n n4. But 4. But another round of waranother round of war in the region clearly would put stains on in the region clearly would put stains on international relations.in
29、ternational relations.n n但是，如果该地区再次发生战争，显然会使国际关系处于紧张但是，如果该地区再次发生战争，显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。状态。n n5. This design 5. This design with all its disadvantageswith all its disadvantages is considered to be one of is considered to be one of the best.the best.n n尽管有种种缺点，这个设计仍被认为最佳设计之一。尽管有种种缺点，这个设计仍被认为最佳设计之一。2121n6.
30、My chances of getting to revolutionary China are very slim, although I have not given up my efforts to get a passport that will enable us to visit the countries of Socialism.n7. Much of the historical splendor of China strains the imagination of Western people: its expanse, its cultural diversity, t
31、he length of its history, the beautiful objects produced thousands of years ago with a technology that still makes the experts gasp.2222n n6. My chances of getting to revolutionary China are very slim, although I have not given up my efforts to get a passport that will enable us to visit the countri
32、es of Socialism.n n我到革命的中国来的希望相当小，虽然我并没有放弃努力来争取一张护照，以便访问社会主义国家。n n7. Much of the historical splendor of China strains the imagination of Western people: its expanse, its cultural diversity, the length of its history, the beautiful objects produced thousands of years ago with a technology that still
33、makes the experts gasp.n n中国历史上的许多辉煌成就令许多西方人心驰神往：其内容博大精深，其文化多姿多彩，其历史悠长久远，她在数千年之前在制作众多极品中所使用的精湛技艺至今还令专家们惊叹不已。2323Exercise 2n1. The room is cozy and comfortable. n2. I hate all these hustle and bustle. n3. Im going to see my grandmother, who was ill in bed, to take her some fresh-baked cakes that my m
34、other has made for her.n4. There is no place on the earth where the days are longer in winter than in summer.n5. Darkness fell. An explosion shook the earth. It did not shake his will to go to the front.2424Exercise 2n n1. The room is cozy and comfortable. 1. The room is cozy and comfortable. n n这个房
35、间非常舒适。这个房间非常舒适。n n2. I hate all these hustle and bustle. 2. I hate all these hustle and bustle. n n我讨厌这种拥挤不堪的场面。我讨厌这种拥挤不堪的场面。n n3. Im going to see my grandmother, who was ill in bed, to 3. Im going to see my grandmother, who was ill in bed, to take her some fresh-baked cakes that my mother has made
36、for take her some fresh-baked cakes that my mother has made for her.her.n n我去看卧病在床的祖母我去看卧病在床的祖母, , 给她带些妈妈刚烤好的蛋糕。给她带些妈妈刚烤好的蛋糕。n n4. There is no place on the earth where the days are longer in 4. There is no place on the earth where the days are longer in winter than in summer.winter than in summer.n n地球上没有一个地方冬天的白昼比夏天长。地球上没有一个地方冬天的白昼比夏天长。n n5. Darkness fell. An explosion shook the earth. It did not shake 5. Darkness fell. An explosion shook the earth. It did not shake his will to go to the front.his will to go to the front.n n夜幕降临时，一声爆炸震动了大地，但并没有动摇他上前夜幕降临时，一声爆炸震动了大地，但并没有动摇他上前线的决心。线的决心。2525
