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1、Unit 4Dont eat in class.语法精讲语法精讲 基础自测基础自测阅读提升阅读提升阅读提升阅读提升 第2课时Section A (Grammar Focus3c)一、祈使句1含义：祈使句是用来表示请求、命令或建议等的一种句型。其主语一般为第二人称you，但通常省略。祈使句的句末一般用句号，表示较强语气时用感叹号。为了使祈使句显得更委婉、有礼貌，可在开头或结尾加上please。2祈使句的五种类型Do型祈使句实义动词原形其他Listen to me，please.请听我说。Be型祈使句be 动词其他Be quiet，please.请安静。Let型祈使句Letsb.动词原形其他Let
2、s play football.让我们踢足球吧。Please型祈使句Please动词原形其他Please stand up.请起立。Please dont stand up.请不要起立。No型祈使句Noving/名词！(表示禁止)No smoking!禁止吸烟！No photos!禁止拍照！3.祈使句的否定形式通常是在谓语动词前加dont。但要注意以let开头的祈使句，其否定形式是 “Dontlet宾语动词原形其他”或“Let宾语not动词原形其他”。4对祈使句的基本回答：( 1 )A：Tom, take the box to Mr.Wus office.B：肯定回答Yes, I will.否
3、定回答Sorry, I cant carry it.( 2 )A：Dont listen to music in class.B：No, I wont.(用于自己之前没做过，同时也表明自己今后也不会做时)或Sorry, I wont do it in future.(用于自己犯错，被别人禁止时)( 3 )A：Lets go out for a walk.(“Lets do sth.”常用于提出建议)B：肯定回答Thats a good idea.或That sounds good.(直接表示赞同)否定回答Oh, no.Its too hot.或Oh, no.Lets watch TV at h
4、ome.(可用“No”作否定回答，并适当解释或提出自己的见解)祈使句一般要对方去做的动作是在将来发生。肯定回答时常用“Yes, I will”；否定回答时常用“No, I wont”等。will为“将要”之意，wont为will和not的缩写形式，为“将不；将不会”之意。二、情态动词二、情态动词can与与have to1can能；会( 1 )表示做某事的能力，其否定式为cant。如：Can you speak English?你会讲英语吗？( 2 ) 表示“允许；许可”。如：You can keep the book for a week.这本书你可以借一周。2have to必须；不得不其后接
5、动词原形。have to有第三人称单数形式，即has to，变疑问句和否定句时要借用助动词do/does。如： We have to go home after school.我们放学后必须回家。.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1_(not play) with fire(火)2Dont _(run) in the classroom.3Let himnot_(not play) the computer games.4Can we _(eat) here?5Do you have to _(go) to bed before ten at night?Dont playrunnot pla
6、yeatgo.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。1到这儿来。_ _2别在走廊里跑。_ _ in the hallways.3快点！_ _！4不要在这儿吃东西。_ _ here.5让我们骑自行车到那儿吧。_ _ the bike to get there.ComeDontBeDontLetshererunquick eatride.按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。1Lily can play the guitar.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)_ Lily _ the guitar?No , she _2Jack has to play the piano every weekend.(改为一般疑问
7、句)_ Jack _ _ play the piano every weekend?3Be quick.(改为否定句)_ _ quick.4You cant eat food in class.(改为祈使句)_ _food in class.5You cant be late for class next time.(改为祈使句)_ _ late for class next time.CanPlaycantDoeshaveDontDontDont tobeeatbe.单项选择。( ) 1. _ listen to music in the classroom.ANot BNoCDont DD
8、oesnt( ) 2. Tom，please _ the classroom now.Aclean Bto cleanCcleans Dcleaning( ) 3. Lets _ on time for classes.Abe Bbe notCare DisCAAB( ) 4. She has to _ her homework every night.Adoes BdoCdoing Ddid( ) 5. Sorry，you _ play basketball in the classroom.Acant BdontCdont have to DdoesntADear Sam，Here are
9、 some _1_ for you when your dad and I are not at home._2_， get home early.Dont play _3_ after school.Second，take care of(照顾) your brother and dont _4_ with him.Third, help your grandma do the _5_ after dinner.fightdirtydishrulebeforefollowoutsidekeeponepractice.选词填空。阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思
10、完整。每词限用一次。Fourth，remember to _6_ the piano for one hour every evening.Fifth，go to bed _7_ 10 oclock.The last one, _8_ your room clean and dont leave your _9_ clothes everywhere.Your dad and I will be very happy if you can _10_ the rules.1_ 2_ 3_4_ 5_ 6_7_ 8_ 9_10_rulesFirstoutsidefightdishespracticebeforekeepdirtyfollow
