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1、UNIT 4ASTRONOMY:THE SCIENCE OF THE STARS-2-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子【识记阅读单词】1.atomn.原子2.billionpron.&n.&adj.万亿;十亿3.globen.球体;地球仪;地球4.carbonn.碳5.atmospheren.大气层;气氛6.fundamentaladj.基本的;基础的7.acidn.酸8.chainn.链子;连锁;锁链-3-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子9.multiplyvi.&vt.乘;增加10.oxygenn.氧11.dioxiden.二氧化物12.gravit
2、yn.万有引力;重力13.satelliten.卫星;人造卫星14.climaten.气候15.crashvi.&vt.碰撞;坠落16.spaceshipn.宇宙飞船-4-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子【拼写高频单词】1.systemn.系统;体系;制度2.theoryn.学说;理论3.unlikeprep.不同;不像4.thusadv.因此;于是5.puzzlen.谜;难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难6.pulln.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力【拓展核心单词】1.astronomyn.天文学astronautn.宇航员astronomern.天文学家2.reli
3、gionn.宗教;宗教信仰religiousadj.宗教的;虔诚的-5-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子3.violentadj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的violentlyadv.强烈地violencen.暴力4.harmfuladj.有害的harmn.伤害;危害harmvt.伤害;危害harmlessadj.无害的5.existvi.存在;生存existencen.存在;生活(方式)6.biologyn.生物学biologistn.生物学家7.gentleadj.温和的;文雅的gentlyadv.轻轻地;温柔地,温和地8.physicistn.物理学家physicsn.物理
4、学physicaladj.物理的;物理学的9.float vi.&vt.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮float n.漂浮物-6-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子1.harmful和harm用法扫描doharmtosb./dosb.harm对某人有害beharmfultosb./sth.对某人/某物有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth./Itdoesnoharmtodosth.做某事并无害处(反而可能带来某些好处)。2.“良好性格”的描写gentle温和的easy-going随和的outgoing外向的generous慷慨的-7-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联
5、想归纳仿造句子3.“太空”单词集锦astronomern.天文学家astronomyn.天文学astronautn.宇航员satelliten.卫星orbitn.轨道universen.宇宙gravityn.万有引力planetn.行星spaceshipn.宇宙飞船atmospheren.大气层-8-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子4.由thus想到的therefore因此however然而even甚至still仍然ever曾经never从来没有-9-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子【识记】1.solarsystem太阳系2.carbondioxide二
6、氧化碳3.layeggs下蛋4.givebirthto产生;分娩5.blockout挡住(光线)6.cheerup感到高兴;感到振奋7.watchoutfor密切注意;当心;提防-10-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子【默写】1.及时;终于in time2.轮到某人;接着in ones turn3.阻止;制止prevent.from4.既然now that5.突发;爆发 break out-11-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子1.cheer常用短语cheeron向欢呼,为鼓劲加油cheerup(使)高兴起来,(使)振奋起来Cheers!干杯!2.“小心
7、;当心”高频短语becareful小心watchoutfor小心;当心lookout当心takecare小心-12-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子3.birth用法小结givebirthto生,引起,产生atbirth在出生时bybirth在血统上frombirth自出生以来-13-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子1.Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichwere to maketheearthsatmosphere.它们最终产生了二氧化碳
8、、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。考点提炼betodosth.“计划干某事,注定干某事”。2.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmade it possibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命就有可能发展了。考点提炼“makeit+adj.+forsb./sth.+todosth.”结构中,it是形式宾语,代替不定式结构。-14-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子3.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheear
9、thsgravityincreased.我们惊奇地看着,随着地球的引力增加,宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。考点提炼第一个as引导时间状语从句,意为“当时候”;第二个as也引导时间状语从句,意为“随着”。-15-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子1.约翰总是乐于帮助别人,这就注定了他会受欢迎。John is always ready to help others,which is to make him very popular.2.他们团结协作,这就使得他们可能在三小时内完成这项工作。They work together,which makes it possible for th
10、em to finish the work within three hours.3.我一边写,笔一边颤抖。My pen trembles as I write.-16-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子Noone1.knows(know)exactlyhowtheearthbegan.Accordingtoa2.widely(wide)acceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”,3.whichexplodedloudlyandproducedwatervapourandmany4.gases(gas)makingtheeart
11、hsatmosphere.Astheearthcooleddown,waterappearedandstayed5.onthesurface.Itwasthepresenceofwaterthatallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas,whichmade6.itpossibleforlifetodevelop.First,theappearanceofsmallplantsencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Nex
12、t,greenplantsbegantogrowonland,7.followed(follow)bylandanimals.Soreptilesappearedforthefirsttime.-17-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子Later,dinosaursdeveloped.However,theysuddenlydisappeared.Afterthat,mammalscameintobeing.Finally,humans8.appeared(appear)andspreadallovertheearth.However,theyareputtingtoomuc
13、hcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,9.making(make)theearthtoohottoliveon.So,whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependon10.whetherthisproblemcanbesolved.-18-核心词汇核心句式23456171.in time及时;迟早;总有一天领悟高考究考法用in time或者on time填空(1)Peoplewillonlyseeitasarealchoiceifthebusesandtrainsareon ti
14、me.(2014山东,阅读表达)如果公共汽车和火车按点的话,人们会觉得它是一个真正的选择。(2)Wearrivedinthesummer,justin timetoenjoythemidnightsun.(2014四川,阅读理解B)我们是夏天到达的,正好来得及享受午夜的太阳。单句写作(3)如果坚持下去,总有一天你会成功的。If you keep on,you will succeed in time.-19-核心词汇核心句式2345617联想拓展记考点(1)attimes有时;偶尔;不时(2)ontime准时;按时(3)innotime立即;马上(4)atonetime曾经;一度(5)atno
15、time从不;决不(6)allthetime一直;始终(7)atatime一次;每次-20-核心词汇核心句式23456172.exist vi.存在,生存派生existencen.存在,生存existentadj.存在的,现存的领悟高考究考法翻译句子(1)Itexistsinmilkingreatamount.(2016四川,阅读理解D)它大量存在于牛奶中。(2)Jetairplanesandbigtrucksdidntexistyet.(2016北京,完形填空)然而,喷气式飞机和大卡车还不存在。-21-核心词汇核心句式2345617用exist的适当形式填空(3)Thereexistdiff
16、erentopinionsonthisquestion.对于这个问题存在着不同的意见。(4)Thechangeendangerstheveryexistenceofcertainanimalsandbirds.(2015陕西,阅读理解C)这种变化威胁到了某些动物和鸟的生存。(5)Ifpeoplehadnormallives,thesecafeswouldntexist.(2015课标全国,阅读理解D)如果人们过正常的生活,这些咖啡店就不会存在。-22-核心词汇核心句式2345617联想拓展记考点(1)Thereexists/existed.某地存在有(2)existon靠为生(3)comein
17、toexistence开始存在,成立(4)bring.intoexistence使发生,产生-23-核心词汇核心句式23456173.in ones turn轮到某人;接着领悟高考究考法完成句子(1)Whenits in my turn,Imtooexcitedtospeak.当轮到我时,我太兴奋以至于讲不出话来了。(2)Hecookedthemealin his turnthisweek.本周轮到他做饭了。联想拓展记考点(1)inturn轮流地;挨个;依次;反过来(2)outofturn不依顺序地(3)taketurns依次;轮班;轮流(4)byturns轮流地;交替地-24-核心词汇核心句
18、式23456174.prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事领悟高考究考法介词填空或用所给词的适当形式填空(1)Thedestructionofsuchspeciescouldpreventresearchersfromfindingcuresforcertaindiseases.(2015陕西,阅读理解C)这些物种的毁灭会阻止研究者们找到治愈某些疾病的办法。(2)Beehiveseitherrecordedorrealmayevenpreventelephantsfromdamaging(damage)farmerscrops.(2014安徽,阅读理解B)不管是记
19、载还是事实,蜂窝甚至能阻止大象损坏农民的庄稼。-25-核心词汇核心句式2345617联想拓展记考点preventsb.fromdoingsth.的同义短语有stopsb.fromdoingsth.和keepsb.fromdoingsth.。但是需要注意的是:在主动语态中,prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中的from可以省略,但keepsb.fromdoingsth.中的from则不能省略;在被动语态中,三个结构中的from都不能省略。Inordertokeepthechildrenfromswimminginthesea,hekeepsthemstayingathome
20、allday.为了不让孩子们去海里游泳,他把孩子们整天关在家里。-26-核心词汇核心句式23456175.pull n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力领悟高考究考法用适当的介词或者副词填空(1)Larrypulledover,setthebrakeandgotholdofthefireextinguisher.(2016全国乙,完形填空)Larry把车停到路边,拉了手刹,拿起灭火器帮忙灭火。(2)Onafamilycartrip,herAuntDedepulledoutacopyofHarryPotter,asasurpriseforhernice.(2016四川,完形填空)在一次家庭自驾游途中
21、,她的姑妈Dede掏出一本哈利波特作为给侄女的惊喜。-27-核心词汇核心句式2345617(3)Hearinghercoughingbitterlyonenight,Idecidedtopullherfromitall.(2016天津,完形填空)一天晚上听到她痛苦地咳嗽,我决定不让她去训练了。(4)Isatdownonthefloorandpulledafewbooksofftheshelfatrandom.(2015天津,阅读理解C)我坐在地板上,随手从架子上拖过来几本书。翻译句子(5)Theywrappedoneendofaropearoundtheblockandpulled.(2015
22、四川,阅读理解E)他们把绳子的一头绕缠在木头上然后拉。(6)Wouldyoumindgivingthebellapull?不介意的话,请拉一下铃好吗?-28-核心词汇核心句式2345617联想拓展记考点(1)pulldown拆除,摧毁(建筑物)(2)pullin(火车)进站停靠(3)pulloff驶向路边短暂停车;完成(4)pullup停止(5)pullout(火车)出站;驶离路边(6)pullover向路边停靠(或让车)-29-核心词汇核心句式23456176.break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生;爆发领悟高考究考法单句写作(1)一天晚上,战争爆发了。(2014重庆,阅读理解A)War
23、 broke out one evening.(2)夜间突然发生了火灾。Fire broke out during the night.-30-核心词汇核心句式2345617联想拓展记考点(1)breakawayfrom脱离;摆脱;甩掉(2)breakdown毁掉;把分解;(身体)垮下来;抛锚(3)breakin非法闯入;打断;插嘴(4)breakinto破门而入;非法闯入(5)breakoff折断;中断;突然停止(6)breakthrough突围;突破(7)breakup分解;打碎;驱散;结束-31-核心词汇核心句式23456177.now that既然;由于领悟高考究考法诵读或翻译句子(1
24、)NowthatChicagoswastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiver,thecitysnextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.(2015湖南,阅读理解B)既然芝加哥的废水都有效地排到了这条芝加哥河里,那么这个城市的下一步工作就是净化这条污染了的河。(2)Nowthatthekidshavelefthome,wehavegotalotofextraspace.孩子们都离开家了,我们住着就更宽绰了。-32-核心词汇核心句式2345617联想拓展记考点常用的引导原因状语从句的连词有because,sinc
25、e,as,considering等。Consideringitiseightoclock,wellwaitnolonger.由于已经八点了,我们不再等了。-33-核心词汇核心句式211.This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命就有可能发展了。分析提炼究考法“make+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语(宾语从句或动词不定式等)”是固定句式。宾语补足语可以由形容词、名词、分词等充当。常用于此结构的动词还有think,feel,find,consider,take等
26、。-34-核心词汇核心句式21领悟考法用考点翻译句子(1)Hemadeithisdutytotakecareoftheoldman.他把照顾这位老人当作自己的责任。(2)Unfortunately,thetreesmadeitimpossibleforpeopletoseeherfromtheabove.(201610浙江,写作)不幸的是,这些树木使得人们无法从上方看到她。-35-核心词汇核心句式212.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell ove
27、r.而当我试着向前迈步时,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。分析提炼究考法twiceasfaras.是一种倍数的表达方法,意为“是的两倍远”。英语中常用的倍数表达法有:(1)A+be+倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B(2)A+be+倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than+B(3)A+be+倍数+the+名词(size/weight/length.)+ofB-36-核心词汇核心句式21领悟考法用考点完成句子(1)Jessicadevotedthree times as much time and energyasshedidbefore,soIbel
28、ieveshewillsucceedthistime.杰西卡付出的是以前的时间和精力的三倍,所以我相信她这次能成功。(2)Thosegivennightmilkcontained10 times the amountofmelatonin.(2016四川,阅读理解D)那些参加实验的“夜间牛奶”包含了10倍的褪黑素量。-37-核心词汇核心句式21一句多译(3)据报道,最近发现了一颗行星,它几乎是地球的三倍大。Itisreportedthatanewplanethasbeendiscoveredrecently,whichisalmostthree times as largeastheearth
29、.Itisreportedthatanewplanethasbeendiscoveredrecently,whichisalmostthree times biggerthantheearth.Itisreportedthatanewplanethasbeendiscoveredrecently,whichisalmostthree times the sizeoftheearth.-38-.单句填空1.Aftersheclosedthedoorwithviolence,shefeltherheartbeatviolently.(violent)2.Shegotinterestedinitan
30、ddecidedtobeabiologist(biology).3.Eatingtoomanydessertscanbeharmful(harm)toyourteeth.4.Whendidtheworldcomeintoexistence(exist)?5.Hehadtowipethesweat,becausetheair-conditioningsystembrokedown.6.Theumbrellawasinperfectcondition,considering(consider)howolditwas.7.Themaleandfemalebirdstaketurns(turn)ins
31、ittingontheeggs.-39-8.Atonetimewastewaterwasputintoriversandlakes,whichwerebadlypolluted.9.Ihopethechangewillnotcauseyoutoomuchtrouble.(2016全国丙,书面表达)10.Jennypulledhercaroverandstopped.11.HollandhastwothirdsthecitizensoftheStateofNewYork,whichisfourtimes(time)thesizeofHolland.12.Ithinkitinterestingto
32、studyEnglish.-40-.写作训练1.因为弄丢了钥匙,所以我们不得不破门而入。Wehadtobreak into the houseaswehadlostthekey.2.轮到他同桌值日了。Itwasin his deskmates turntobeonduty.3.他们及时到达车站,赶上了那班火车。Theyreachedthestationin time to catch the train.4.既然你这么喜欢这款车,为什么不买呢?Now that you like the type of carsomuch,whynotbuyit?5.汤姆发现将玩具整理好很费劲。Tomfound it hard to tidy his toys.
