课件u2 taxtA

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1、Unit 2: Part AConversationalBallgamesHowcomesthataconversationhasanythingtodowithballgames?Popular ballgames and their origins: table tennis（乒乓球：英国）（乒乓球：英国）billiards（台球：英国）（台球：英国） golf （高尔夫球：荷兰）（高尔夫球：荷兰） hockey （曲棍球：加拿大）（曲棍球：加拿大） badminton（羽毛球：英国）（羽毛球：英国） baseball （棒球：美国）（棒球：美国） handball （手球：爱尔兰）（手球

2、：爱尔兰） tennis （网球：英国）（网球：英国） volleyball （排球：美国）（排球：美国） basketball （篮球：美国）（篮球：美国） soccer（英式足球：英国）（英式足球：英国） rugby /American football （橄榄球（橄榄球 ） polo （马球：英国）（马球：英国） softball （垒球）（垒球）Text-related informationText-related informationBOWLING GAMEBOWLING GAMEAn indoor game in which you roll a large An indoor

3、 game in which you roll a large heavy ball along a wooden track in order to heavy ball along a wooden track in order to knock down a group of knock down a group of pinspins (wooden objects (wooden objects shaped like bottles).shaped like bottles).Text-related informationText-related informationTENNI

4、STENNISA game for two people or A game for two people or two pairs of people who use two pairs of people who use rackets to hit a small soft ball rackets to hit a small soft ball backwards and forwards over a backwards and forwards over a .Expressions used when play ballgames:Expressions used when p

5、lay ballgames:发球发球 接球接球传球传球运球运球夺球夺球截球截球原地拍球原地拍球把球传给把球传给争球争球罚球罚球ServetheballTocatchtheballTopasstheballTodribbletheballTostealtheballTointercepttheballTobouncetheballTotosstheballtoTorushfortheballApenaltyshotWarming-up Activity: Case Study Warming-up Activity: Case Study Carl was an employee of an i

6、nternational company and hes working in Carl was an employee of an international company and hes working in Japan now. Hes very pleased to be invited to a party shortly after his Japan now. Hes very pleased to be invited to a party shortly after his arrival in Japan, where most of the guests were Ja

7、panese. At the party, arrival in Japan, where most of the guests were Japanese. At the party, everyone was expected to entertain, even the senior managers got up to everyone was expected to entertain, even the senior managers got up to give a song or tell a joke. All the people seemed so informal an

8、d give a song or tell a joke. All the people seemed so informal and cooperative, far different from those conventionalcooperative, far different from those conventional, , stuffy Japanese stuffy Japanese Carl had read about before.Carl had read about before.Readthefollowingstoryanddiscussinpairsorgr

9、oups:Readthefollowingstoryanddiscussinpairsorgroups:At a meeting on the next day after the party, Carl found that he was at At a meeting on the next day after the party, Carl found that he was at the same room, together with the people who had contributed to the the same room, together with the peop

10、le who had contributed to the merriment of the evening at the party. Keeping the informality in mind, merriment of the evening at the party. Keeping the informality in mind, Carl used the meeting as an opportunity to present a proposal. After Carl used the meeting as an opportunity to present a prop

11、osal. After Carl brought up his proposal, however, he was met with a wall of silence Carl brought up his proposal, however, he was met with a wall of silence and, even to the end of meeting, no one had ever offered him any idea and, even to the end of meeting, no one had ever offered him any idea ab

12、out his proposal.about his proposal.Carl totally got puzzled with the response of his Japanese colleagues. Carl totally got puzzled with the response of his Japanese colleagues. But he didnt know what was wrong with it.But he didnt know what was wrong with it.Warming-up ActivityWarming-up ActivityAn

13、alyze and Discuss:Analyze and Discuss:WhatstherealreasonleadingtoCarlsfailureatthemeeting?WhatstherealreasonleadingtoCarlsfailureatthemeeting?Your turn to decide on:Your turn to decide on: Carl failed to understand Japanese speech on Carl failed to understand Japanese speech on informal occasions fo

14、r his ill mastery of informal occasions for his ill mastery of Japanese language.Japanese language. Carl used informal language on formal occasion Carl used informal language on formal occasion (at the meeting), which upset his Japanese co-(at the meeting), which upset his Japanese co-workers.worker

15、s. Carl didnt realize Japaneses different attitudes Carl didnt realize Japaneses different attitudes towards work (meeting) and leisure(party).towards work (meeting) and leisure(party).Pre-reading Activities: Pre-reading Activities: ListeningListeningWords & PhrasesWords & Phrasesconversation conver

16、sation comment on comment on bowling bowling lanelaneconnectconnectconverse converse switchswitchn n. .an informal talk in which people an informal talk in which people exchange news, feelings, and thoughtsexchange news, feelings, and thoughtsv v. . to express an opinion about to express an opinion

17、about someone or somethingsomeone or somethingn n. .an indoor game (an indoor game (保龄球保龄球保龄球保龄球) )n n. .球道，车道；胡同，小巷球道，车道；胡同，小巷球道，车道；胡同，小巷球道，车道；胡同，小巷v v. .to join two or more things togetherto join two or more things togetherv v. .to talk informally, to have a conversationto talk informally, to have

18、 a conversationvi vi. .to changeto changePre-reading Activities: Pre-reading Activities: ListeningListeningListen to the following passage. First time:First time: Second Time:Second Time:ComprehensionComprehensionThe Outline of Text AThe Outline of Text APara. 13Para. 13 Introduction of the topic In

19、troduction of the topic 引言引言引言引言The author found it difficult to join in a Japanese The author found it difficult to join in a Japanese conversation, and she considered the difference in conversation, and she considered the difference in conversation style as the reason. conversation style as the re

20、ason. 日西迥异日西迥异日西迥异日西迥异Para. 49Para. 49Comparison Comparison 正文正文正文正文 Respective description of the Western and the Respective description of the Western and the Japanese conversation stylesJapanese conversation stylesPara. 1011Para. 1011How the two different styles influence How the two different st

21、yles influence conversation conversation （Conflicts) Conflicts) The author was handling the Japanese conversation in a The author was handling the Japanese conversation in a Western way, while her students are always handling the Western way, while her students are always handling the English conver

22、sation in a Japanese way.English conversation in a Japanese way.Para. 12Para. 12Conclusion Conclusion 结尾结尾结尾结尾It is no simple matter to switch from one style to another.It is no simple matter to switch from one style to another.ComprehensionComprehensionPre-reading Pre-reading 1. 1.Genre Genre 体裁体裁体

23、裁体裁 Expository writing Expository writing 说明文说明文说明文说明文 Problem Problem Analysis Analysis Solution Solution style style 2. Comparison and contrast2. Comparison and contrast A1 A2 An A1 A2 An A1 vs B1A1 vs B1 vsvs A2 vs B2 A2 vs B2 B1 B2 Bn B1 B2 Bn An vs Bn An vs Bn 3. Analogy 3. Analogy 类比类比类比类比 西式：

24、西式：西式：西式：is like a game of tennisis like a game of tennis 日式：日式：日式：日式：is like bowlingis like bowling Japanese-style conversations develop quite differently Japanese-style conversations develop quite differently from western-style conversations. from western-style conversations. ComprehensionComprehe

25、nsionFocus on the Focus on the comparisoncomparison and and contrastcontrast between the two conversation stylesbetween the two conversation stylesDetailed Analysis of Text ADetailed Analysis of Text Aintroducing a topic is like ?making a proper response is like ?carrying on a conversation is like?I

26、f the conversation involves more than two people, then it is like ?In In the the authors authors description, description, a a western-style western-style conversation conversation is is like ?like ? hitting the ball back.hitting the ball back. making the ball back and forth.making the ball back and

27、 forth.Serving a ball.Serving a ball.网球双打网球双打网球双打网球双打. .likelike a a game game of of tennistennis. . ComprehensionComprehensionFocus on the Focus on the comparisoncomparison and and contrastcontrast between the two conversation stylesbetween the two conversation stylesDetailed Analysis of Text ADeta

28、iled Analysis of Text Awaiting your turn to speak is like waiting your turn to ?when and how an opinion is to be voiced depends mainly on ?A AJapanese-style Japanese-style conversation conversation is is like ?like ?bowling bowling . .ones ageones age how well one knows the previous speakerhow well

29、one knows the previous speakerones social positionones social position（保龄球）投球（保龄球）投球（保龄球）投球（保龄球）投球. .ComprehensionComprehensionFocus on the Focus on the comparisoncomparison and and contrastcontrast between the two conversation stylesbetween the two conversation stylesDetailed Analysis of Text ADeta

30、iled Analysis of Text AA AJapanese-style Japanese-style conversation conversation is is likelike bowlingbowling. .In In the the authors authors description, description, a a western-style western-style conversation conversation is is likelike a a game game of of tennis.tennis.The typical feature of

31、the conversation:interactiveback and forthevery one has to wait for his turnno back and forthStructuredWritingTime markersReading Analysis & Structured WritingTimemarkers时间标识语时间标识语Some of the time markers are used to describe sequences of actions and some others describe simultaneous actions. 表表“前后前

32、后”顺序：顺序：after, eventually, soon, finally, next, then, at last, first, now, when, before, last, second, later, since , etc.表示表示“同时同时”： meanwhile, as, when, while, during , etc.还可以用还可以用V-ing 短语，短语，V-ed 短语，动词时态来表示这种关系。短语，动词时态来表示这种关系。Intensive Study of Text A: Conversational Ballgames to the point where

33、: to the extent that, up to the time when Hecomestothepointwherenothingseemsmatteranymore.（无所谓）（无所谓）Hebecameaddictedtomahjong（麻将）（麻将） tosuchanextentthathecouldkeeponplayingforover20hours.达到无法挽回的地步达到无法挽回的地步/程度程度Theirdisagreementshavedevelopedtosuchapointwhereabreak-up/divorce/aquarrel/anopendebatesee

34、medtheonlysolution.Translate:我的英语提高到了可以读原著的地步了。我的英语提高到了可以读原著的地步了。MyEnglishimprovedtothepointwhereIcouldreadoriginalworks.join in: take part in (an activity)参加，参与参加，参与Cf. join (sb. / an organization / a society)Examples:Hetookhiscoatoffandjoinedinthework.Parentsshouldjoininthesediscussions.Theyalljoi

35、nedinsingingtheChristmascarols.Askhimtojoinusforlunch.Hesjoinedthearmy.Ie to a halt: a temporary stop停止；停顿停止；停顿 call a halt to , bring to a halt 使使 停止停止Examples:Thegroupoftouristscametoahaltoutsidethemuseum.Theeconomicboomcametoasuddenhalt.红灯一亮，车子停了下来。红灯一亮，车子停了下来。洪水过后，该地区的商业停顿了。洪水过后，该地区的商业停顿了。Thecar

36、cametoahaltwhentheredlightwason.Aftertheflood,commerceinthisareacametoahalt.? When language is not the barrier, what is that that hinders their talk?AnExampleofHandlingEnglishinaChineseway:老外：老外：Hi.前台：前台：You have what thing?老外：老外：Can you speak English?前台：前台：If I not speak English, I am speaking what

37、?老外：老外：Can anybody else speak English?前台：前台：You yourself look. All people are playing, no people have time, you can wait, you wait, you not wait, you go. 老外：老外：Good heavens. Anybody here can speak English?前台：前台：Shout what shout, quiet a little. You on earth have what thing?老外：老外：I want to speak to y

38、our head.前台：前台：Head is not zai. You tomorrow come.Japanese-styleconversationsdevelopquitedifferentlyfromwestern-styleconversations. 本文主旨本文主旨 And the difference isnt in the language . The concern is not language, but style. （下文谈论的要点）（下文谈论的要点）IrealizedthatjustasIkepttryingtoholdwestern-styleconversati

39、onsevenwhenIwasspeakingJapanese,soweremyEnglishstudentstryingtoholdJapanesestyleconversationsevenwhentheywerespeakingEnglish.I Japanese Western waySs English Japanese way Just as , so 如同如同一样一样（引导表示比较的状语从句（引导表示比较的状语从句）Eg：Justasmachinesgowrong,somanfallsill.正如机器会坏一样，人也会生病。正如机器会坏一样，人也会生病。_(正如你不喜欢鱼一样正如你

40、不喜欢鱼一样),soIdontlikemeat.Justasyoudontlikefish,just as : one thing happened at exactly the same time / way as sth. else正当正当; 同样地同样地Examples:ThetelephonerangjustasIwasabouttoleave.让每件东西都保持原样。让每件东西都保持原样。Leaveeverythingjustasyoufindit.有时也可用作：有时也可用作： just as + adj. + asSheisjustasfatashermother.Wewereunc

41、onsciouslyplayingentirelydifferentconversationalballgames.Ballgames 预示下文将借助预示下文将借助ballgames来说明来说明 二者的差异二者的差异Expect? 1.Sheisexpecting.2.Sheiseatingfortwo.3.Shehasoneontheway.4.Sheisinthefamilyway.5.Sheisinaninterestingstates. Pregnant to demand that sb. will do sth. 指望指望 be waiting for sth. to happen

42、 期待期待back and forth: to and fro 来回地，反复地来回地，反复地Examples:She swayed gently backandforth to the music. There must be something that troubles him: he is walking backandforthin the room.类似的短语有：类似的短语有： here and there black and whiteup and down come and goday and nightnow and then Itdependson?1. Age 2. Clo

43、seness3. Status junior: of lower rank or position; younger 级别（地位）较低的，年资较浅的，较年幼的级别（地位）较低的，年资较浅的，较年幼的Eg： a junior high school John Smith, Jr. He, although older to me, is my junior. 几个特别的形容词：几个特别的形容词： junior / senior minor / major to (not than) superior / inferior Knock down: make (something) fall by

44、hitting or pushing it 击倒，撞倒击倒，撞倒 (= knock out)Examples:Abusnearlyknockedhimdownwhenhewascrossingthestreet.Heknockedhisopponentdownthreetimesinthefirstround.昨天昨天Alec被公车撞了，伤得很重。被公车撞了，伤得很重。令我们吃惊的是，我们最优秀的羽毛球选手在第一轮令我们吃惊的是，我们最优秀的羽毛球选手在第一轮 就被淘汰了。就被淘汰了。Alecwasknockeddownbyabusyesterdayandwasbadlyhurt.Toours

45、urprise,ourbestbadmintonplayerwasknockedoutinthefirstround. Call on / upon: formally ask , require, or demand (someone) to do something 号召；请求号召；请求Examples:The teachercalledonhis students for answers.The opposition partycalledonthe government to handle the Middle East crisis by peaceful means.The may

46、orcalledonthe people suffering from an earthquake to remain calm.Phrases withPhrases with “call” “call” Cf.Cf.call for:call for: to demand, ask for; to collect (sb. or sth.)e.g.Thefarmerscalledforlargergovernmentsubsidies.Cf.Cf.call off:call off: to cause a planned event not to take place, to cancel

47、e.g.Thefootballgamewascalledoffbecauseofbadweather.Cf.Cf.call in:call in:to ask to come; to request the return ofe.g.Policehavebeencalledintohelpfindthemissingboy.Key words, phrases & usagesKey words, phrases & usagesMore to learnMore to learncall oncall on appeal to, require or request (person to d

48、o things, etc.) appeal to, require or request (person to do things, etc.) Drill:Drill:1.Mother _ a doctor when I got a high fever.2.Tomorrows picnic has been _ because we have to work.3.The government has _ the parents to work with teachers in the education of their children.4.Success in school _ mu

49、ch hard study.calledoffcalledoffcalledincalledincalledoncalledoncallsforcallsforKey words, phrases & usagesKey words, phrases & usagesrefer to: mention; speak about谈到谈到, 提及提及Examples:It was unwise in your speech to refertohis mistake.The president referredtothe economic crisis in Asia in his TV stat

50、ement.我说有些人很愚蠢，并不是指你。我说有些人很愚蠢，并不是指你。当他谈到竞争对手时，他提到了哪一家公司？当他谈到竞争对手时，他提到了哪一家公司？Whichcompanyisshereferringtowhenshespokeofcompetitivefirms?WhenIsaidsomepeoplearestupid,Iwasntreferringtoyou.Previous: being earlier in time or order 先前的先前的 指指“时间上早于某事件或行动的时间上早于某事件或行动的” Eg： He had children from a previous ma

51、rriage. The police asked the suspect where he had been the previous night. The old man was found dead on some day previous to Christmas. Cf: earlier （时间意义上）较早发生的，（时间意义上）较早发生的， past 过去（发生）的过去（发生）的 prior 在前的在前的 （除时间外还可在顺序、（除时间外还可在顺序、 重要性方面）重要性方面） former 前者；前者； 前任的前任的Structure:Grammar FocusGrammar Focu

52、s whoever no matter who no matter whoCf.Cf.WhateverWhatever, ,howeverhowever, ,whereverwherever, ,whicheverwhichever,etc.,etc.canbeusedasconjunctionsinthesamewayascanbeusedasconjunctionsinthesamewayastheexpressionsnomatterwhat,nomatterhow,theexpressionsnomatterwhat,nomatterhow,andsoon.andsoon.e.g.e.

53、g.Pleaseletusknownomatterwhereyougo.Pleaseletusknownomatterwhereyougo.= = PleaseletusknowPleaseletusknowwhereverwhereveryougo.yougo.e.g.Lifegoesonnomatterhowupsetyouare.e.g.Lifegoesonnomatterhowupsetyouare.=HoweverHoweverupsetyouare,lifegoeson.upsetyouare,lifegoeson.whoever whoever no matter who no

54、matter whoDrill:Drill: Rewritethefollowingtwosentences.Rewritethefollowingtwosentences.1. 1. No matter which one you choose, youll be No matter which one you choose, youll be disappointed.disappointed.2. 2.No matter what reason you have, you should No matter what reason you have, you should not not

55、cheat. cheat. WhicheverWhicheveryouchoose,youllbedisappointedyouchoose,youllbedisappointedYoushouldnotcheatYoushouldnotcheatwhateverwhateverreasonyouhavereasonyouhave. .whoever whoever no matter who no matter whoDrill:Drill: Completethefollowingsentences(Completethefollowingsentences(P.41,Ex.VIIIP.4

56、1,Ex.VIII): ):1. 1.( (谁最胜任谁就谁最胜任谁就谁最胜任谁就谁最胜任谁就) _ should get the job.) _ should get the job.WhoeverismostqualifiedWhoeverismostqualified 2. ( 2. (每当天气不好时每当天气不好时每当天气不好时每当天气不好时) ) _, he takes whatever umbrella _, he takes whatever umbrella he can find. he can find.WhenevertheweathersbadWhenevertheweat

57、hersbad3. He makes a lot of friends (3. He makes a lot of friends (不管他到哪儿不管他到哪儿不管他到哪儿不管他到哪儿) _.) _.whereverhegoeswhereverhegoesWh-everPut the following sentences into English:请将便条送交给办公室里的任何一个人。请将便条送交给办公室里的任何一个人。只要一开始学数学，她就会变得紧张。只要一开始学数学，她就会变得紧张。他们只想要钱。随便什么事，只要能挣钱，他们他们只想要钱。随便什么事，只要能挣钱，他们都愿意干。都愿意干。Sen

58、dthenotetowhomeverintheoffice.Shebecamenervouswheneveritcomestolearningmaths.Theyjustwantmoney,andarewillingtodowhateverittakestogetit.不论他什么时候来，都会受到热烈欢迎。不论他什么时候来，都会受到热烈欢迎。Wheneverhecomes,healwaysreceivesawarmwelcome. now (that) （1 1）既然）既然）既然）既然 （2 2）现在）现在）现在）现在 （出现新情况）（出现新情况）（出现新情况）（出现新情况） as a resu

59、lt of the face (that); sinceas a result of the face (that); sinceTranslate:Translate: 既然你成年了，就要对自己的所作所为负责。既然你成年了，就要对自己的所作所为负责。既然你成年了，就要对自己的所作所为负责。既然你成年了，就要对自己的所作所为负责。 Key:Key: NowthatNowthat yourecomingofage,youshouldbeyourecomingofage,youshouldberesponsibleforwhatyoudo.responsibleforwhatyoudo.Examp

60、leExample: : Now thatNow that we are alone, we can speak freely. we are alone, we can speak freely. Now thatNow that you are well again, you can travel. you are well again, you can travel. Now thatNow that he was ill, I realize how much I owed him. he was ill, I realize how much I owed him.now (that

61、) now (that) 作连词作连词作连词作连词 as a result of the fact (that); sinceas a result of the fact (that); sinceCompletethefollowingsentences:(p.35,Ex.X)Completethefollowingsentences:(p.35,Ex.X)1. 1.Now that he is getting older, _.Now that he is getting older, _.hemightbemorepatienthemightbemorepatient2. 2._ no

62、w that the bus has broken down halfway._ now that the bus has broken down halfway.IhavetotakeataxihomeIhavetotakeataxihomeno / little / small wonder used to express that something is fully anticipatedused to express that something is fully anticipated nowondernowonder是是是是“ “无怪，难怪，不足为怪无怪，难怪，不足为怪无怪，难怪

63、，不足为怪无怪，难怪，不足为怪” ”的意思。的意思。的意思。的意思。常引导常引导常引导常引导thatthat从句。相同的结构还有：从句。相同的结构还有：从句。相同的结构还有：从句。相同的结构还有： It is little / small wonder that It is little / small wonder that Example:Example: No wonderNo wonder the Americans are not very good the Americans are not very good at football, for they prefer Americ

64、an football, in at football, for they prefer American football, in which which they play with hands.they play with hands. Drill:Drill:CompletethefollowingsentencesCompletethefollowingsentences1. 1.These people were greatly confused. _. (they These people were greatly confused. _. (they asked so many

65、 questions) asked so many questions) 2. 2._ I didnt plug in the TV. (there is no picture _ I didnt plug in the TV. (there is no picture on the screen)on the screen)3. 3.Hes lived in France for so many years. _.Hes lived in France for so many years. _.(怪不得他这么了解法国。）怪不得他这么了解法国。）怪不得他这么了解法国。）怪不得他这么了解法国。）

66、 NowonderNowonder theyaskedsotheyaskedsomanyquestions.manyquestions.NowonderthereisnopictureonthescreenNowonderthereisnopictureonthescreen Itslittle/smallwonderthatheknowsFrancesowell.Words Study:startle / amaze / astonish / shockExample:Shegaveastartlejumpatamouseunderthetable.Theteacherwasamazedto

67、findthatalazystudenthadgainedamarkof100intheexam.TheoldcouplewereastonishedtoseehowPudonghadchangedoverthepast10years.Weweregreatlyshockedbytheboysbadmanners.Weconsideredhimagoodchild.handle / deal with / cope with / tackleWeteachstudentsknowledgeaswellashowtohandle/copewith/dealwithpersonalproblems

68、.Thiscoverage(报道报道 )dealswiththetroublesbetweenPakistanandIsrael.Thecomputerworksveryfast,handlingdataatthespeedoflight.Hetriedtoopenthedoorbyturningthehandle,butitrefusedtomove.Thesearesomenewmeasuresaimedattacklingun-employment.Text C How to Improve Your Vocabulary 猜测词义的几种方法：猜测词义的几种方法：1.1.利用所出现生词的

69、上下文与其意义上的联系或下文利用所出现生词的上下文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述，猜测词义。进一步的叙述，猜测词义。 系动词经常能提供生词的确切系动词经常能提供生词的确切含义。含义。 * The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood.* The word ethnology means the study of animal behavior.* The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.2.2.利用文中的举例猜测词义。利用文中的举例猜测词义。 * Some artist

70、s plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.* Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing-machines, refrigerators and color televisions.3.3.利用文中说明词义的同位语或定语等，猜测词义。利用文中说明词义的同位语或定语等

71、，猜测词义。 * The invention of snorkel, a long air tube that reaches up to the surface, has made it possible for submarines to use their diesel engine even when they are submerged.* The type of meter is called multimeter, which is used to measure electricity.* The harbor is protected by a jetty, a wall b

72、uilt out into the water.* Lipids, or fats can be measured in the laboratory.* Carbon monoxide is a noxious gas which can cause death.4.4.利用文中所出现的、与某生词或词组词义相反的利用文中所出现的、与某生词或词组词义相反的内容，猜测词义。内容，猜测词义。 * American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come la

73、te.* Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person, who does not like to go to parties, or to make new friends.* Fred likes to spend his money. On the other hand, Mel is very frugal. 5.5.利用文章中用不同的话对同一概念的解释，猜测利用文章中用不同的话对同一概念的解释，猜测词义。词义。 * Should the government regulate the cost of resources such

74、 as oil and gas? Some people do not believe that government control is the solution to the problem of the rising cost of fuel. * Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task. The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.

75、6.6.标点符号（特别是冒号、破折号、括号等）标点符号（特别是冒号、破折号、括号等）也可帮助考生猜测词义。也可帮助考生猜测词义。 * They will be on the night shift - from midnight to 6 a.m. next week. * Now they move from city to city in vans and limousines - big cars - rather than wagons and carts.Exercises related to Text A Word BuildingWord BuildingThe The pre

76、fixprefix disdis- -can can be be added added to to verbs, verbs, nouns nouns or or adjectives adjectives to to make the meaning of a word just the opposite. make the meaning of a word just the opposite. PrefixPrefixdis-dis-to mean:to mean:withoutwithoutnotnotnonoe.g.e.g.agreeagree disagree disagree=

77、 not agree= not agreeorderorder disorder disorder= without order= without orderhonesthonest dishonest dishonest= not honest= not honest读写教程读写教程 I: Ex. VII, p. 40Ex. VII, p. 40VocabularyVocabularyFill Fill in in the the blanks blanks with with appropriate appropriate forms forms of of the the words w

78、ords given given below.below. disappeardisappeardisadvantagedisadvantagedisagreedisagreedisbeliefdisbeliefdislikedislikedisorderdisorderdishonestdishonestdiscomfortdiscomfort disobeydisobeydissatisfieddissatisfied1. 1. Not Not every every ship ship or or plane plane crossing crossing the the Bermuda

79、 Bermuda Triangle Triangle has has _. . disappeared disappeared 2. 2. Theres Theres far far too too much much _ _ in in this this classroom; classroom; now now everybody sit down and be quiet! everybody sit down and be quiet! disorderdisorder VocabularyVocabularyFill Fill in in the the blanks blanks

80、 with with appropriate appropriate forms forms of of the the words words given given below. below. disappeardisappeardisadvantagedisadvantagedisagreedisagreedisbeliefdisbeliefdislikedislikedisorderdisorderdishonestdishonestdiscomfortdiscomfort disobeydisobeydissatisfieddissatisfied3. 3. The The prev

81、ious previous secretary secretary was was dismissed dismissed because because her her _ report to the manager. report to the manager. dishonest dishonest 4. 4.Would Would you you _ your your parents parents if if you you believed believed they they were were wrong?wrong? disobey disobey VocabularyVo

82、cabularyFill Fill in in the the blanks blanks with with appropriate appropriate forms forms of of the the words words given given below. below. disappeardisappeardisadvantagedisadvantagedisagreedisagreedisbeliefdisbeliefdislikedislikedisorderdisorderdishonestdishonestdiscomfortdiscomfort disobeydiso

83、beydissatisfieddissatisfied5. 5.To To what what extent extent do do you you agree agree or or _ with with the the familiar familiar saying:saying:“More haste, less speed.” “More haste, less speed.” disagree disagree 6. 6. Living in a big city has both advantages and Living in a big city has both adv

84、antages and _. . disadvantages disadvantages VocabularyVocabularyFill Fill in in the the blanks blanks with with appropriate appropriate forms forms of of the the words words given given below. below. disappeardisappeardisadvantagedisadvantagedisagreedisagreedisbeliefdisbeliefdislikedislikedisorderd

85、isorderdishonestdishonestdiscomfortdiscomfort disobeydisobeydissatisfieddissatisfied7. 7. It It can can be be fun fun sharing sharing a a bedroom bedroom with with five five classmates, classmates, but but sometimes sometimes you you have have to to put put up up with with the the _ of of such limit

86、ed living space. such limited living space. discomfort discomfort 8. 8. After After his his illness, illness, the the old old man man began began to to take take a a _ to to many of the foods hed previously enjoyed. many of the foods hed previously enjoyed. dislike dislike VocabularyVocabularyFill F

87、ill in in the the blanks blanks with with appropriate appropriate forms forms of of the the words words given given below. below. disappeardisappeardisadvantagedisadvantagedisagreedisagreedisbeliefdisbeliefdislikedislikedisorderdisorderdishonestdishonestdiscomfortdiscomfort disobeydisobeydissatisfie

88、ddissatisfied9. 9. After After hearing hearing his his adventurous adventurous story, story, they they all all looked looked at at him in him in _. . disbelief disbelief 10. 10. Whats Whats the the matter matter with with your your brother? brother? He He seems seems to to be be _ with everything an

89、d everyone. with everything and everyone. dissatisfied dissatisfied Word BuildingWord BuildingThe The suffixsuffix - -anceance andand - -enceence can can replacereplace -ant-antandand - -entent in in certain certain adjectives adjectives to to form form nouns nouns with with the the meaningmeaning h

90、avinghavingthethequalityquality oror beingintheconditionbeinginthecondition of the root word.of the root word.SuffixesSuffixes-ance-ance-ence-enceto replace:to replace:-ant-ant-ent-entto mean:to mean:having the qualityhaving the qualitybeing in the conditionbeing in the conditione.g.e.g.different di

91、fferent difference difference= the quality of being different= the quality of being differentimportant important importance importance= the quality of being important= the quality of being important读写教程读写教程 I: Ex. VI, p. 39Ex. VI, p. 39Word BuildingWord BuildingVI.VI. The The suffix suffix - -ancean

92、ce and and - -enceence can can replace replace -ant-ant andand - -entent in in certain certain adjectives adjectives to to form form nouns nouns with with the the meaning meaning havinghavingthequalitythequalityor or beingintheconditionbeinginthecondition of the root word.of the root word.A.A.1)1) a

93、bsent absent 8)8)confident confident 2)2) convenient convenient 9)9)evident evident 3)3) independent independent 10)10) intelligent intelligent 4)4) patient patient 11)11) presentpresent5)5)distant distant 12)12) violent violent 6)6)excellent excellent 13)13) significantsignificant7)7)silent silent

94、14)14) differentdifferentabsenceabsenceconvenienceconvenienceindependenceindependencepatience patience distancedistanceconfidenceconfidenceevidence evidence intelligence intelligence presence presence violence violence excellenceexcellencesignificance significance silencesilencedifference difference

95、 Word BuildingWord BuildingB.B.1. 1._ in in sports sports requires requires both both talent talent and and hard hard training.training.2. 2.Since Since gaining gaining its its _ from from Great Great Britain Britain in in 1947, 1947, India India has has sought sought to to develop develop a a moder

96、n, modern, comprehensive comprehensive school system.school system.3. 3.Educators Educators agree agree that that there there are are no no tests tests that that accurately accurately measure measure _. . 4. 4.The The return return of of Hong Hong Kong Kong to to China China on on July July 1, 1, 19

97、97 1997 was was a a historical event of great historical event of great _. .5. 5.He doesnt have enough He doesnt have enough _ to be a good teacher. to be a good teacher.ExcellenceExcellenceindependence independence intelligence intelligence significancesignificancepatience patience Word BuildingWor

98、d Building6. 6.There There was was a a long long _ after after Bob Bob had had finished finished speaking. speaking. 7. 7.Many Many parents parents worry worry that that if if their their children children see see too too much much _ on on TV TV theyll theyll believe believe that that fighting fight

99、ing and and killing killing are normal behavior in daily life. are normal behavior in daily life. 8. 8.English English and and German German are are sister sister languages, languages, but but therere therere a a lot lot of of _ between them. between them.9. 9.The The _ from from Detroit Detroit to

100、to Chicago Chicago is is about about two two hundred and eight miles. hundred and eight miles. 10.10. If you never praise her, shell never gain self- If you never praise her, shell never gain self- _. . silencesilenceviolenceviolencedifferencedifferencedistancedistanceconfidenceconfidenceCloze: On _

101、 11th, 2001, two hijacked jetliners slammed into New Yorks World Trade _, collapsing the towering t_ icons. About 4800 lives were _ suddenly. The _ nations were _ at the worst terrorist _ in U.S. history. The worlds most p_ military force made a quick _to it and declared that Saudi terrorist Osama B

102、in Laden is the _ suspect. President Bush d_ a brief, emotionalstatement _ to “hunt down and _ those r_ .”“Freedom itself was c_ this morning, and I a_ that_ will be defended.” During the _ peaceful p_ month, the ruins were _ removed and the American people waited p_ forthe revenge.1.1.在谈及美国英语和英国英语的

103、差别时，他说：在谈及美国英语和英国英语的差别时，他说：“ “美国美国和英国毕竟是两个不同的国家。和英国毕竟是两个不同的国家。” ” TranslationTranslationReferring Referring to to the the differences differences between between American American English English and and British British English, English, he he said, said, “The “The United United States States and an

104、d Britain are, after all, two different countries.”Britain are, after all, two different countries.”referring toreferring toafter allafter all读写教程读写教程 I: Ex. XII, p. 43Ex. XII, p. 432.2.史密斯教授鼓励他的学生独立思考。他常说：史密斯教授鼓励他的学生独立思考。他常说：“ “即使你们即使你们对我提出质疑或者完全不同意我的看法，我也同样高兴。对我提出质疑或者完全不同意我的看法，我也同样高兴。” ”Prof. Smit

105、h encourages his students to think for Prof. Smith encourages his students to think for themselves. “I am just as happy,” he often says, “even if themselves. “I am just as happy,” he often says, “even if you challenge me or completely disagree with me.”you challenge me or completely disagree with me

106、.” TranslationTranslationthink for themselvesthink for themselveseven ifeven ifchallengechallengejust asjust as3.3. 我们请他参加我们关于流行音乐的谈话，但他一参加进来我们请他参加我们关于流行音乐的谈话，但他一参加进来就引入一个新的话题，谈起了上周的就引入一个新的话题，谈起了上周的NBANBA决赛。决赛。We We called called on on him him to to take take part part in in our our conversation con

107、versation about about pop pop music, music, but but as as soon soon asas he he joined joined in, in, he he introduced introduced a a new new topic topic and and referred referred toto the the NBA NBA finals finals of of the the previous previous week. week. TranslationTranslationas soon asas soon as

108、refer torefer tothe previous weekthe previous week4.4. 司机应对这次事故负责。他的车撞倒了一棵树和一个骑车司机应对这次事故负责。他的车撞倒了一棵树和一个骑车的人。的人。The The driver driver is is responsible responsible for for this this accident. accident. His His car car knocked down a tree and a man on his bike.knocked down a tree and a man on his bike

109、. TranslationTranslationbe responsible forbe responsible forknock downknock down5.5. 自我们的收音机停止生产后，我们已转产移动电话自我们的收音机停止生产后，我们已转产移动电话(mobile (mobile phonesphones)。Since our production of radios came to a halt, we have Since our production of radios came to a halt, we have switched to the production of m

110、obile phones.switched to the production of mobile phones. TranslationTranslationSinceSincecome to a haltcome to a haltswitchswitch6.6. 我们最初的计划是在北京游览长城、故宫、颐和园等著名我们最初的计划是在北京游览长城、故宫、颐和园等著名景点。景点。 Our Our original original plan plan was was to to see see such such famous famous sights sights as as the th

111、e Great Great Wall, Wall, the the Palace Palace Museum Museum and and the the Summer Summer Palace in Beijing. Palace in Beijing. TranslationTranslationoriginaloriginalsuch famous sights assuch famous sights as7.7. 学好一门外语决非易事。尽管我已学了几年英语，我仍然学好一门外语决非易事。尽管我已学了几年英语，我仍然不能有效地用这种语言表达思想。不能有效地用这种语言表达思想。Its I

112、ts no no simple simple matter matter to to learn learn a a foreign foreign language language well. well. Even Even though though I I have have learned learned English English for for a a few few years, years, I I still still cant express myself effectively in the language. cant express myself effect

113、ively in the language. TranslationTranslationIts no simple matter toIts no simple matter toeven thougheven thoughexpress oneselfexpress oneself8.8. 我不要你仅仅同意或不同意我的想法，我需要有人给我我不要你仅仅同意或不同意我的想法，我需要有人给我提忠告，出主意等。提忠告，出主意等。 I I dont dont want want you you simply simply to to agree agree or or disagree disagr

114、ee with with me. me. I I need need someone someone who who can can give give me me good good advice, advice, ideas, ideas, and and so so on.on. TranslationTranslationsimplysimplygive me good advice, ideas, and so ongive me good advice, ideas, and so onDictationDictationDictation!You are going to hea

115、r 5 sentences. Each willYou are going to hear 5 sentences. Each willbe be read read three three times. times. Write Write down down the the sentences sentences according to the dictation.according to the dictation.1. 1.2. 2.3. 3.4. 4.5. 5.DictationDictationKey to Dictation:Key to Dictation: 1. 1. Ev

116、en Even though though I I was was speaking speaking Japanese, Japanese, I I was was handling handling the conversation in a Western way.the conversation in a Western way. 2. 2. I I am am just just as as happy happy if if you you question question me, me, or or challenge challenge me, or completely d

117、isagree with me.me, or completely disagree with me. 3. 3. Whoever Whoever is is nearest nearest and and quickest quickest hits hits the the ball, ball, and and if if you step back, someone else will hit it.you step back, someone else will hit it. 4. 4. A A Japanese-style Japanese-style conversation,

118、 conversation, however, however, is is not not at at all all like tennis or volleyball, its like bowling.like tennis or volleyball, its like bowling. 5. 5. If If you you have have been been trained trained all all your your life life to to play play one one game, game, it it is is no no simple simple matter matter to to switch switch to to another, another, even if you know the rules. even if you know the rules. Check up your work.