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1、IT 句型大扫描句型大扫描 研究一下近年来的高考试卷研究一下近年来的高考试卷可以发现，含可以发现，含 it 的句型几乎年年的句型几乎年年考到。可见考到。可见 it 句型的重要性和使句型的重要性和使用的普遍性。现根据其用法特点用的普遍性。现根据其用法特点可归纳为下列几个句型。可归纳为下列几个句型。 1. 1. It is + It is + 被强调部分被强调部分 + + that .that . 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that that 之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主之后。被强调部分可以
2、是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，语如果是人，that that 可以由可以由 who who 换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。法。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. and
3、an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. It was in the street that I met her father. 2. 2. It is not until + It is not until + 被强调部分被强调部分 + + that .that . 该句型也是
4、强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语 “ “直直到到才才”，可以说是，可以说是 not . until . not . until . 的强调形式。的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.she was a famous film star.= = Not unti
5、l she took off her dark glasses did I realize she Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.was a famous film star.= = I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. off
6、her dark glasses. 3. 3. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certainIt is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain) that ) that 该句型中该句型中it it 是形式主语，真正的主语是是形式主语，真正的主语是 that that 引导的主语从句，引导的主语从句，常译为常译为 “ “ 清楚（显然，真的，肯定清楚（显然，真的，肯定）” ”是主语从句最常见的是主语从句最常见的一种结构。一种结构。 It is very clear that hes round and tal
7、l like a tree. It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = = That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. 4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) that It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) that
8、 . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同，该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + should + 动词原形），动词原形），should should 可以省可以省去。建议去。建议记住该句型中的形容词记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (
9、should) remember these words. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5. 5. It is said (reported, learnedIt is said (reported, learned) that ) that 该句型中的该句型中的it it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是仍是形式主语，真正主语是 that that 引导的主语从引导的主语从句。该结构常译为句。该结构常译为“ “ 据说（据报道，据悉据说（据报道，据悉）” ”。 It is said that he has come to
10、 Beijing. It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another man-made satellite has been It is reported that another man-made satellite has been put into orbitput into orbit7. 7. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that .It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . 该句型中，该句型中，that that 后的从句一般用虚拟语气（后的从句一
11、般用虚拟语气（should + should + 动词原动词原形），形），should should 可省去表示出乎意料，常译为可省去表示出乎意料，常译为“ “竟然竟然” ”。没有这。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity
12、that he is ill. It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！他生病了，真遗憾！ 6. 6. It is suggested ( ordered, required . ) that .It is suggested ( ordered, required . ) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求，该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，建议，命令等词时，that that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + should + 动词动词原形），原形），s
13、hould should 可以省。常译为可以省。常译为“ “ 据建议；有命令据建议；有命令）” ”。 It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 8. 8. It is tim
14、e ( about time , high time ) that .It is time ( about time , high time ) that . 该句型中该句型中that that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是 常用常用过去时态表示虚拟过去时态表示虚拟 有时也用有时也用should + should + 动词原形，动词原形，should should 不不能省。常译为能省。常译为“ “是（正是）是（正是）的时侯的时侯”。 It is time that children should go to bed. It is time that
15、 children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. 9. 9. It is the first ( second It is the first ( second ) time that ) time that 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that that 从句不用虚从句不用虚拟语气，而用拟语气，而用完成时态完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词。至于用什么完成时态，由
16、主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that that 可以可以省去；省去；it it 有时用有时用 this this 替换，常译为替换，常译为“ “是第一（二）是第一（二）次次”。 It is the first time I have been here. It is the first time I have been here. = = This is the first time I have
17、 been here. This is the first time I have been here. 10. It is since . 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，完成时，since 引导的从句通常是引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 It is ( has bee
18、n ) 5 years since his father died. 11. It is . when . 该句型中的该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当当的时候，是的时候，是”。 It was 5 oclock when he came here. 12. It be . before . 该句型主句中的该句型主句中的 it 指时间指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是
19、long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为“之后之后”。 It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job. 13. It happens that. 该句型中该句型中it是形式主语，是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen是不及物动词是不及物动词 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his te
20、acher in the street. 碰巧碰巧 14. It takes sb. to do sth. 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为接宾语是时间。常译为“做做要花费某人要花费某人”。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 15. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no goo
21、d , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )。 It is no good learning English without speaking English. 16. 16. It doesnt matter whether.It doesnt matter whether. 该句型中该句型中whether 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为“不论（是否）不论（是否） 没关系没关系。 It doesnt matter whether they are old (or not). 17. It is kind
22、( of sb. ) to do sth.17. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由由 of 引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有常见的有: bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good (好好心的心的), honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教有教
23、养的养的), polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong (错误的错误的)等。等。 这个这个句型可以改写为：句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. It is kind of you to say so. = = You are kind to say so. 18. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑主语由该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑主语由for 引起，引起，形容词通常表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况。形容词通常表示重要性，
24、紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况。常见的形容词有：常见的形容词有： important, necessary, natural important, necessary, natural easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult, dangerous, easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult, dangerous, unusual, impossible, pleasant unusual, impossible, pleasant 等。等。等。等。 如：如：It is important for
25、her to come to the party. = = It is important that she (should ) come to the party 19. It seems/appears that 看来看来 It seems/appears that he will be back in a few days. It looks ( seems ) as if . 该句型中该句型中it 无意义。无意义。 as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，引导一个状语从句。常译为，“看看起来好象起来好象 如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气 It looks
26、as if he is ill.（真的病了）真的病了） It seemed as if he were dying.(虚拟语气虚拟语气) 20. We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的该句型中的it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为：作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为： 【 6123结构结构 】 6 6 指主句中常用的动词：指主句中常用的动词：指主句中常用的动词：指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, think, believe, make, fin
27、d, consider, feel feel ； 1 1 指的是形式宾语指的是形式宾语指的是形式宾语指的是形式宾语it it ； 2 2 指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词 ； 3 3 指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that that 引引引引导的宾语从句。导的宾语从句。导的宾语从句。导的宾语从句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
