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1、动词时态与被动语态动词时态与被动语态.ppt.ppt高三英语总复习语法系列训练高三英语总复习语法系列训练被被 动动 语语 态态 详详 解解ChangethefollowingsentencesintothePassiveVoice1.They make TV sets in that factory .2.Northwest China grows the best cotton .3.They use this room for playing Ping pong .4.Bell invented the telephone in 1876. TV sets are made in that
2、 factory The best cotton is grown in Northwest China .This room is used for playing Ping pongThe telephone was invented by Bell in 1876.5.The manager made them work 10 hours a day .6.China has sent up man made satellites into space7. You should water trees often .8.You must not plant trees in very d
3、ry earth .They were made to work 10 hours a day.Man made satellites have been sent up into space .Trees should be watered often .Trees must not be planted in very dry earth .( (一一) ) 语语 态态 分分 类类英英语语动动词词有有两两种种语语态态，主主动动语语态态和和被被动动语语态态。主主动动语语态态表表示示主主语语是是动动作作的的执执行行者者，被被动动语语态态表表示示主主语语是是动动作作的的承受者。如：承受者。如：T
4、heywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动被动)汉汉语语中中常常用用“被被”、“给给”、“由由”、“受受”等等词词用用来来表表示示被被动动，而而英英语语用用：助助助助动动动动词词词词be be be be + + + + 及及及及物物物物动动动动词词词词的的的的过过过过去去去去分分分分词词词词构成。构成。( (二二) ) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主主要要体体现现在在bebe的的变变化化上上，其其形形式式与与系系动动词词bebe的的变变化化形形式
5、式完完全全一样。以一样。以givegive 为例，列表如下：为例，列表如下： 一般现在时：一般现在时：am / is / are + given am / is / are + given 一般过去时：一般过去时：was / were +given was / were +given 现在进行时：现在进行时：am / is / are + being + givenam / is / are + being + given 过去进行时：过去进行时：was / were + being + givenwas / were + being + given 现在完成时：现在完成时：have / ha
6、s + been + givenhave / has + been + given 过去完成时：过去完成时：had + been + given had + been + given 一般将来时：一般将来时：shall / will +be+ given shall / will +be+ given 过去将来时：过去将来时： should / would +be+ givenshould / would +be+ given 将来完成时：将来完成时：shall / will + have been + givenshall / will + have been + given 过去将来完成时
7、：过去将来完成时：should should / / would would + + have have been been + + givengiven 注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 ( (三三三三) )被动语态常用的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态1. 一般现在时：一般现在时： People grow rice in the south of the country.The school doesnt allo
8、w us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时：一般过去时： They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The students didnt forget his lessons easily.Rice Rice is grownis grown in the south of the country. in the south of the country.We We are not allowed toare not allowed to e
9、nter the chemistry lab without a teacher. enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. The building of a new car factory The building of a new car factory was agreedwas agreed on last month. on last month.His lessons His lessons were not easily forgottenwere not easily forgotten. . 3. 一般将来时：一般将来时： The
10、y will send cars abroad by sea.They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.4. 过去将来时：过去将来时：The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. Cars will be sent abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.Plen
11、ty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.The manager said the project would be completed by the end of The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. the year. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as The wo
12、rkers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. possible. 5. 现在进行时：现在进行时： The radio is broadcasting English lessons.We are painting the rooms.6. 过去进行时：过去进行时： Why didnt they drive there on time? Because the workers were mending the road.This time last year we were planting trees here.
13、English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.The rooms are being painted.The rooms are being painted.Because the road was being mended. Because the road was being mended. Trees were being planted here this time last year. Trees were being plan
14、ted here this time last year. 7. 现在完成时：现在完成时： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off.the sports meet might be put off.We have brought down the price. 8. 过去完成时：过去完成时： When I got to the theatre, I found they they had already sold outhad already sold out the tickets. the tickets. The whol
15、e country was very sad at the news of his death; People People had consideredhad considered him to be a great leader him to be a great leaderI have been told the sports meet might be put off.I have been told the sports meet might be put off.The price has been brought down.The price has been brought
16、down.When I got to the theatre, I found When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets the tickets had already been had already been sold out. sold out. He He had been consideredhad been considered to be a great leader. to be a great leader.9. 含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的被动语态是由含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词
17、情态动词+ be+ 及物动词及物动词的过去分词的过去分词”构成。构成。 You must hand in your compositions after class.He can write a great many letters with the computer.Your compositions Your compositions must be handed inmust be handed in after class. after class. A great many letters A great many letters can be writtencan be writt
18、en with the computer by him. with the computer by him. ( (四四) ) 被被 动动 语语 态态 的的 使使 用用1.1.当当不不知知道道或或没没有有必必要要指指出出动动作作的的执执行行者者时时，常常用用被被动动语语态态，这这时时往往不用往往不用by 短语。短语。 “ “ “ “Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. White, White, White, White, the the the the cup cup cup cup with with with with mixture mixture mixture mixture was w
19、as was was broken broken broken broken after after after after class. class. class. class. ” ” ” ”( (只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的) )。 2.2.突突出出或或强强调调动动作作的的承承受受者者，如如果果需需要要说说出出动动作作的的执执行行者者，用用by 短语。短语。 These records were made by John Denver. These records were made by John De
20、nver. These records were made by John Denver. These records were made by John Denver. 3.3.当当汉汉语语句句子子的的主主语语既既不不是是动动作作的的执执行行者者，也也不不是是动动作作的的承承受受者者时时，这时常用这时常用in + + 名词作状语，而代替名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。短语。 These cars were made in China. These cars were made in China. These cars were made in China. These cars were m
21、ade in China. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory. ( (五五) )主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法（1） My aunt in
22、vited me to her dinner party. 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语（2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school. 1.1.1.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。把主动语态的宾
23、语变成被动语态的主语。 2.2.2.2.把把把把主主主主动动动动语语语语态态态态的的的的谓谓谓谓语语语语变变变变成成成成被被被被动动动动语语语语态态态态的的的的bebe + + + + 过过过过去去去去分分分分词词词词，时时时时态态态态要要要要与与与与原原原原句句句句保持一致。保持一致。保持一致。保持一致。 3.3.3.3.把把把把主主主主动动动动语语语语态态态态的的的的主主主主语语语语变变变变为为为为介介介介词词词词byby 的的的的宾宾宾宾语语语语，放放放放在在在在被被被被动动动动语语语语态态态态里里里里谓谓谓谓语语语语动动动动词词词词之之之之后后后后，byby 短短短短语语语语可可可可以
24、以以以省省省省略略略略。如如如如果果果果原原原原句句句句主主主主语语语语是是是是地地地地点点点点名名名名词词词词，在在在在被被被被动动动动语语语语态态态态中中中中用用用用inin + + + + 地点名词作状语。地点名词作状语。地点名词作状语。地点名词作状语。 ( (六六) )语态转换时要注意的问题语态转换时要注意的问题1. 1. 把把主主动动语语态态变变为为被被动动语语态态时时，其其谓谓语语动动词词的的时时态态要要与与原原句句时时态态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomput
25、erhasbeenbought.(正确正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误错误) 2. 2. 含含有有双双宾宾语语的的主主动动句句变变被被动动句句时时，可可分分别别将将其其中中的的一一个个宾宾语语变变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday. 如如果果把把直直接接宾宾语语( (指指物物) )改改为为主主语语，则则在在间间接接宾宾语语( (指指人人) )前前加加适适当的介词，如上句
26、还可以说：当的介词，如上句还可以说： Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语注意：注意：注意：注意：一般在下列一般在下列动词后，常在后，常在间接接宾语前用介前用介词 to，如：如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列一般在下列动词后，后，间接接宾语前用介
27、前用介词 for, 如：如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us. Some country music was played for us. 有些既不用有些既不用to 也不用也不用for, 根据根据动词与介与介词的搭配关系。的搭配关系。 He asked me
28、 a question. (A question was asked of me. ) People all over the world know the Great Wall. The Great Wall is known to people all over the world. (不用不用by短语短语) 3.由由动动词词+介介词词或或副副词词构构成成的的短短语语动动词词，要要把把它它们们作作为为整整体体看看，即即把把它它们们看看成成一一个个及及物物动动词词，介介词词或或副副词词不不可可拆拆开开或或漏漏掉掉。这这类类动动词词有：有：不不不不及及及及物物物物动动动动词词词词+介介介介词词
29、词词，如如如如: :agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedntbetalkedabout.Theproblemissolved.Itneedntbetalkedabout.及及及及物物物物动动动动词词词词+副副副副词词词词：如如如如：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeo
30、ut,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。等。Hisrequestwasturneddown.Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.4.带带复复合合宾宾语语(宾宾语语+宾宾补补)的的动动词词改改为为被被动动语语态态时时，一一般般把把主主动动结结构构中中的的宾宾语语改改为为主主语语，而而宾宾语语补补足
31、足语语保保留留在在谓谓语语动词后面。如：动词后面。如：Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注注注注意意意意：在在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等等动动词词后后作作宾宾语语补补足足语语的的动动词词不不定定式式都都不不带带to，但但改改成成被被动动语语态态后后都都带带to，这这时时不不定定式式为为主主语语补补足足语语，也
32、就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。的问题。We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar. 注意：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，注意：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语补足语变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如：的名词作主语。如： Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and people people called t
33、hem love apples. called them love apples. 误：误：Love apples were called them. 正：正：They were called love apples. 5.还还有有一一种种短短语语动动词词由由动动动动词词词词+名名名名词词词词+介介介介词词词词构构成成，变变被被动动语语态有两种形式，如下：态有两种形式，如下：1)Wetakegoodcareofthebooks.Thebooksaretakengoodcareof.Thebooksaretakengoodcareof.Goodcareistakenofthebook.Goodc
34、areistakenofthebook.2)Youmustpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.Attentionmustbepaidtoyourpronunciation.Attentionmustbepaidtoyourpronunciation.Yourpronunciationmustbepaidattentionto.Yourpronunciationmustbepaidattentionto.用用于于这这类类结结构构的的短短语语动动词词常常见见的的有有：catchsightof,makeuseof,payattentionto,setfireto,take
35、careof,takeholdof,takenoticeof,keepaneyeon等。等。6. 当主动句的主语是当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作作by的宾语，并的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如： Nobody can answer this question. 误：误：The question can be answered by nobody. 正：正：The question can not be answered by an
36、ybody.The question can not be answered by anybody. 7.当当否否定定句句中中的的宾宾语语是是anything,anybody,anyone等等不不定定代代词词时时，在在被被动动句句中中应应将将其其分分别别变变为为nothing,nobody,noone作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：They havent done anything to make the riverclean.误误：Anything hasnt been done to make the riverclean.正：正：N
37、othinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.8.以以who为为主主语语开开头头的的疑疑问问句句，变变被被动动时时，用用bywhom放在句首：放在句首：Whowrotethestory?误：误：Whowasthestorywritten?正：正：Bywhomwasthestorywritten?Bywhomwasthestorywritten?9.有有些些动动词词既既是是及及物物又又是是不不及及物物，当当它它们们和和well,badly,easily等等副副词词连连用用时时，表表示示主主语语
38、内内在在品品质质或或性性能能，是是不不及及物物动动词词，用用主主动动表表示示被被动动，这这时时不不用用被被动动语语态态，常常见见的的有有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：等。如：Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。这布很好洗。Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。这新产品很畅销。Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。这支笔写字很流畅。对比：对比：Thebookssellwell.(主动句主动句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句被动句)Themeatdidntcookwell.(
39、主动句主动句)Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat.(被动句被动句)10.10.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：第第一一，感感官官系系动动词词一一般般用用主主动动形形式式表表示示被被动动意意义义，如如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。等。Doyoulikethematerial?Yes,itfeelsverysoft.误：误：Itisfeltverysoft.Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：误：Thefoodi
40、stasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二，谓语是及物动词第二，谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如：等。如： He entered the room and got his book. 误：误：The room was entered and his book was got. She had her hand burned. 误：误：Her hand was had burned. 第三，
41、一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如：等。如： The fire broke out in the capital building. 误：误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.第第四四，不不及及物物动动词词没没有有被被动动语语态态，如如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。等。Whenwegottothetopofthemou
42、ntain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.误：误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.误：误：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.第第五五，宾宾语语是是反反身身代代词词，相相互互代代词词，同同源源宾宾语语，不不定定式式，v-ing形形式式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.误：误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.
43、误：误：Eachotherisloved.11. 11. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：构来表示，例如： 据说据说It is said that 据报导据报导It is reported that 据推测据推测It is supposed that 希望希望It is hoped that 众所周知众所周知It is well known that 普遍认为普遍认为It is generally considered that 有人建议有人建议It is suggested that 1) It is
44、 reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. 在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语
45、态也为下一步学交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词习打下良好的基础，在动词习打下良好的基础，在动词习打下良好的基础，在动词- -inging 形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。 高考题点击：高考题点击：1. I need one more stamp before my collection _. (94 N) A. ha
46、s completedB. completes C. has been completed D. is completed2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. (98 N) A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay说明说明：集邮册只能被完成，且在 before 从句中没有将来时，故只能选D。说明说明：该句的意思为“在大城市中清洁女工的工资通常是按小时支付的。”很明显该用被动语态。DC3. Books of this kind _ well. (99 上海) A. sellB. sellsC.
47、are soldD. is sold4. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. (01 北京春) A. loseB. will be lost C. are lostD. will lose说明说明：sell 既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，当用作“销售情况如何”时，sell 为不及物动词，故没有被动语态。类似的词还有：wash, translate, write 等。说明说明：lose job 为“失业”，job 只能被失去，且动作应该发生在将来。AB5. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it n
48、ext month. (2001 北京春季) A. will be builtB. is built C. has been builtD. is being built6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. (2001上海) A. has been designedB. had been designed C. was designedD. would be designed说明说明：从后句可知电影院应该正在修建。需要注意的是现在进行时态的被动语态的动词形式。说明说明：by the end of 短语一般都与过去完成时
49、或将来完成时连用。DB7. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. (2002 北京春季) A. killedB. is killedC. was killed D. was killing8. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. (2002上海) A. is to blameB. is going to blame C. is to be blamedD. should blame说明说明
50、：不要被前面使用的现在时所蒙蔽，在地震中抢救小孩并献身的动作只能在过去。说明说明：be to blame 是固定结构，不能用被动语态。该句是一个强调句型。CA9. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (2002上海春季) A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut说明说明：该句的意思为“雨林正在以如此快的速度被砍伐和烧毁以至于在不久的将来它们就会消失。”从语境中可以看出应该
51、使用现在进行时。况且进行时可以表达出说话人的一种特殊的情感。说话人是想呼吁人们停止乱砍乱烧雨林，给人们提出的一种警告。C写作写作假如你校英语俱乐部正在组织假如你校英语俱乐部正在组织“抽烟有害抽烟有害”的大的大讨论，请你根据下列内容，用英语写一篇短文，讨论，请你根据下列内容，用英语写一篇短文，准备贴在英语墙报栏上。准备贴在英语墙报栏上。叙述抽烟害处：坏习惯、有损本人及他人健康、叙述抽烟害处：坏习惯、有损本人及他人健康、导致多种疾病、浪费、可能引起火灾等。导致多种疾病、浪费、可能引起火灾等。劝告年轻人不要抽烟。劝告年轻人不要抽烟。写作要求写作要求1必须使用必须使用5个句子介绍全部所给的内容；个句子
52、介绍全部所给的内容；2将将5个句子组织成连贯的短文；个句子组织成连贯的短文；3可适当增加情节，使表达连贯。可适当增加情节，使表达连贯。No Smoking. Please!Smoking is not only a bad habit but also bad for the health of smokers themselves and the people who are around them. In fact, many kinds of diseases are caused by smoking, as a result, millions of smokers die from smoking tobacco.Smoking itself is a waste of money and it costs one so much money. Besides, many fires are often caused by careless smokers.Young people, dont join the group of people in hospital, the group of dying people, because they smoke.结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！35
