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1、专题六数词第二部分语法专题突破命题点一命题点一 基数词和序数词基数词和序数词命题点二命题点二 概数词概数词 命题点一命题点一 基数词与序数词基数词与序数词 并列连词的用法并列连词的用法基数词变序数词的变化规则基数词变序数词的变化规则onefirstelevenelevenththirtythirtiethtwosecondtwelvetwelfthfortyfortieththreethirdthirteenthirteenthfiftyfiftiethfourfourthfourteenfourteenthsixtysixtiethfivefifthfifteenfifteenthseven
2、tyseventiethsixsixth sixteensixteenth eightyeightiethsevenseventhseventeenseventeenthninetyninetietheighteightheighteeneighteenthtwentyonetwentyfirst nineninthnineteennineteenthtwentytwotwentysecondtententhtwentytwentieththirtyonethirtyfirst( (注:上表中的黑体词汇为衡阳中考近注:上表中的黑体词汇为衡阳中考近7 7年考查过的年考查过的) )基数词变序数词口
3、诀基数词变序数词口诀基变序,有规律,词尾加上基变序,有规律,词尾加上thth; ; 一二三,特殊记,八去一二三,特殊记,八去t t来九去来九去e e;veve要用要用f f替,整十变替,整十变y y为为ieie;若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。 基数词的用法基数词的用法 表示数量表示数量(2016(2016年年2323题题) )。百位数与。百位数与十位数之间用十位数之间用andand连接,十位数与个位数连接,十位数与个位数之间用连字符之间用连字符“ “” ”。如:。如: 150150可写作:可写作:one hundred and fiftyone hundred
4、and fifty 31 31可写作:可写作:thirtyonethirtyone 表示时间。表示时间。 (1)(1)直接表达法,即直接读出来,也称直接表达法,即直接读出来,也称顺读法,顺读法,“ “小时分钟小时分钟” ”。如:。如: 7 7:05 05 读作读作seven fiveseven five 7 7:30 30 读作读作 seven thirtyseven thirty (2) (2)间接表达法,即倒读法。在半个小时之内间接表达法,即倒读法。在半个小时之内用用“ “分钟分钟pastpast小时小时” ”( (几点过几分几点过几分) );超过半;超过半个小时用个小时用“ “分钟分钟t
5、oto小时小时” ”( (几点差几分几点差几分) )。如:。如: 8 8:1010读作读作ten past eightten past eight 3 3:4545读作读作a quarter to foura quarter to four 注意:注意:整点一般用整点一般用“ “基数词基数词oclock”oclock”。 如:如:5 5:0000读作读作five oclockfive oclock。 表示顺序。基数词表示顺序时,由表示顺序。基数词表示顺序时,由“ “单数名词基数词单数名词基数词” ”构成,此时构成,此时名词和基数词的首字母通常都要大写。如:名词和基数词的首字母通常都要大写。如:
6、Grade Nine Grade Nine 九年级九年级Room 105 105Room 105 105房间房间 表示表示“ “不确切岁数或年代不确切岁数或年代” ”用整十的复数形式,用整十的复数形式, 结构为结构为“ “in in ones ones 整十的复数整十的复数” ”表示表示“ “在某人在某人岁时岁时” ”,“ “in in thethe年代年代s”s”表示表示“ “在几在几十世纪几十年代十世纪几十年代” ”。如:。如: in his fortiesin his forties在他四十多岁时在他四十多岁时 in the 1960sin the 1960s在二十世纪六十年代在二十世纪
7、六十年代序数词的用法序数词的用法 序数词前一般要加序数词前一般要加thethe,其后接单数名词,其后接单数名词(2016(2016年年2323题题) )。如:。如: The second book is what I really need.The second book is what I really need.第第二本书是我真正需要的。二本书是我真正需要的。 序数词前若有形容词性物主代词、名词所序数词前若有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等限定词,则不用加有格等限定词,则不用加the the (2015(2015年年2727题题) )。如:。如: Its my third time to v
8、isit Chongqing. Its my third time to visit Chongqing. 这这是我第三次参观重庆。是我第三次参观重庆。 序数词前面加不定冠词序数词前面加不定冠词a a或或anan时,表示时,表示“ “又一,再又一,再” ”,内含顺序性。如:,内含顺序性。如: Weve tried it three times. Must we try it a fourth timeWeve tried it three times. Must we try it a fourth time?我们已试过它三?我们已试过它三遍了。我们必须再试一次遍了。我们必须再试一次( (第四
9、次第四次) )吗?吗? on ones on ones 序数词序数词birthday “birthday “在某人在某人岁生日的时候岁生日的时候” ”(2011(2011年年2020题题) )。如:。如: He got a good gift on his fourteenth birthday.He got a good gift on his fourteenth birthday.在他十四岁生日的时候,在他十四岁生日的时候,他收到一份好礼物。他收到一份好礼物。【名师点拨【名师点拨】 如何判断用基数词还是序数词如何判断用基数词还是序数词 首先看结构:基数词首先看结构:基数词( (除除one
10、one外外) )后跟名词复后跟名词复数;序数词后跟名词单数,前有冠词、形容词性数;序数词后跟名词单数,前有冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格等限定词修饰;其次看用物主代词或名词所有格等限定词修饰;其次看用法:基数词表数量,序数词表顺序;再看是否有法:基数词表数量,序数词表顺序;再看是否有固定搭配,如固定搭配,如at the age ofat the age of基数词;基数词;PagePage基数词等。基数词等。1. (1. (20162016桂林改编桂林改编)There are _ students in )There are _ students in my art club, my ar
11、t club, twentytwotwentytwo girls and eighteen boys. girls and eighteen boys.2. Next Tuesday is my sisters _(twelve) 2. Next Tuesday is my sisters _(twelve) birthday. My family will have a birthday party birthday. My family will have a birthday party for her. for her.fortyforty twelfthtwelfth3. Thoug
12、h Sue lives on the _ (ten) floor, 3. Though Sue lives on the _ (ten) floor, she walks upstairs every day. she walks upstairs every day.4. Helen loves reading and she has read _4. Helen loves reading and she has read _ (five) books this month. (five) books this month.5. Try your best to do something
13、because you 5. Try your best to do something because you dont always have a _ (two) chance. dont always have a _ (two) chance. tenthtenthfivefivesecondsecond命题点二命题点二 概数词概数词 分析衡阳近分析衡阳近7 7年中考真题可知,对概数词年中考真题可知,对概数词的考查仅在的考查仅在20132013年的单项选择中考查过一次,年的单项选择中考查过一次,考查形式为:考查形式为:thousands thousands ofof可数名词复可数名词复
14、数数。 表示确切的数字表示确切的数字 当表示确切概念时,当表示确切概念时, hundred, thousand, hundred, thousand, millionmillion等词与具体的数字等词与具体的数字one, two.one, two.或或several, several, some, manysome, many等连用,不加等连用,不加ss。如:。如: five hundred people 500five hundred people 500人人 two thousand books two thousand books 两千本书两千本书 表示不确切的数字表示不确切的数字(20
15、13(2013年年2323题题) ) 当表示不确切概念时,当表示不确切概念时, hundred, thousand, hundred, thousand, millionmillion 等词与等词与of of 连用,其词尾要加连用,其词尾要加ss,但前面不能,但前面不能再加具体的数字。如:再加具体的数字。如: hundreds of peoplehundreds of people成百上千的人成百上千的人 thousands of factories thousands of factories 成千上万家工厂成千上万家工厂6. Jackie Chan sets a good example
16、to us, for he has 6. Jackie Chan sets a good example to us, for he has donated _ (thousand) of dollars to the donated _ (thousand) of dollars to the charity. charity.7. Its reported that there are more than 300 _7. Its reported that there are more than 300 _ (million) smokers in China, nearly a thir
17、d of all the (million) smokers in China, nearly a third of all the smokers in the world. smokers in the world.8. The local government is building h_ of 8. The local government is building h_ of cheap and good houses for the homeless people. cheap and good houses for the homeless people. thousandsthousandsmillionmillion undredsundreds