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1、考研英语：1997翻译真题精练精讲一、全真试题Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful，ground-clearing way to start.（71）Actually，it isnt，because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights，which is something the world does not have.On one view of rights，to be
2、sure，it necessarily follows that animals have none.72）Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore，animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd，for exactly the same reas
3、on，so is the idea that tigers have rights. However，this is only one account，and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some peoplefor instance，to infants，the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition，it is unclear what force a contract can have
4、for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says “I dont like this contract?”The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.（73）It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that a
5、nimals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another，more fundamental question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?Many deny it.（74）Arguing from the view that humans ar
6、e different from animals in every relevant respect，extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistakea sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.This view，which holds
7、 that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical” .In fact it is simply shallow: the ethical equivalent of learning to crawlis to weigh others interests against ones own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for
8、moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy.（75）When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.二、翻译题解（71）Actually, itisnt,becauseitassumesthatthereisan agr
9、eed account of human rights,whichissomething the worlddoes not have.句子拆分：拆分点参考：标点符号，从属连词Actually, it isnt, because it assumes / that there is an agreed account of human rights, / which is something the world does not have解析：（1）句子主干结构是主从复合句。（2）because引导原因状语从句（3）从句中是存在句结构there is an agreed account of
10、human rights为assume的宾语从句。词的处理：actually实际上it主语代词，依照上下文意思这种问法，这种说法，isnt背面省略的词应当是so或truean agreed account约定的见解，共同的认识human rights人的权利，人权技巧点拨：（1）Actually , it isnt是主句。假如直接翻译，能够翻译为“实际上，它不是”。这么翻译显然是不正确，因为译文既不通顺，也不完整，让人不知所云。考虑到汉语的习惯，把“实际上，它不是”这个译文深入调整为“事实并非如此”就能够接收了。其实，这个主句有两个问题需要在翻译的时候弄明白。其一，代词it的指代，必须依照上下
11、文才能搞清楚。上文只有三句话：Do animal have right? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a ground-clearing way to start.（动物有权利吗？这个问题常常就是这么问的，这种提问听起来像是一个有用的、能够把问题说清楚的场白。）然后说“Actually, it isnt”。这么，就能够清楚的发觉，句子中代词it应当指代the question,即Do animal have right?这个问题。因此，代词it能够翻译为“这个问题，或这种说法” 等，其二，it isnt是一个省
12、略句，省略了表语的部分。返回原文，看上文就能够清楚的发觉，it isnt应当是it isnt应当是it isnt a ground-clearing way to start。因为表语的部分太长，因此省略了。（2）There be句型一般翻译为“有”，这个部分能够直接翻译为：“有一个人权的共同认识，”深入可调整为“（人们）对人权有共同的认识”。（3）Which引导的非限定性定语从句，依照翻译的措施能够组合在其先行词背面，采取重复先行词的翻译措施；that引导的一个定语从句，能够直接组合到其所修饰的something之前。整合之后能够翻译为，“这种共同认识是世界上并没有的”，或者深入依照汉语的习
13、惯能够调整为：这种共同认识并不存在。（4）再把主句和从句整合在一起，发觉其实，which is something the world doesnt have这个定语从句跟前面的部分是一个转折关系，因此将这个定语从句翻译为一个表示转折关系的状语从句更符合汉语语言习惯。因此我们再次增加一个表示转折关系的连词：而这种共同认识并不存在。完整译文：事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人权有共同的认识为基础的，而这种共识并不存在。（72）Some philosophersarguethatrightsexistonly within a social contract, as part of an ex
14、change of duties and entitlements.句子拆分：拆分点参考：标点符号，从属连词,介词短语Some philosophers argue / that rights exist only within a social contract, / as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.解析：（1）主干结构是主从复合句：Some philosophers argue that.（2）that引导的是argue的宾语从句（3）介词短语within a social contract为状语修饰exist词的处理：a
15、rgue论证a social contract社会契约as part of作为（是）的一部分entitlements权益，权利技巧点拨：（1）As part of an exchange of duties and entitlements是方式状语修饰动词exist，有两种翻译措施：翻译为“权利作为责任与权益的一部分只存在于社会契约当中”；或者调整后翻译为“权利只存在于社会契约当中，是责任与权益相互换的一部分”。（2）part of an exchange of duties and entitlements是N1+of+N2+of+N3的结构，中duties and entitlements并列，能够当作整体N3，一般遵照从后往前翻的标准，因此，在此，此句可直接翻译为：责任和权益相互换的一部分。完整译文：有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在社会契约中，是责任与权益相互换的一部分。（73）Itleadsthe discussion to extremes at the outset: itinvitesyou to think that animalsshould be treatedeither with the consideration humansextendto other humans, or with no consideration at all
