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1、被动语态英语中及物动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。一、被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.Iamaskedtostudyhard.2. 般过去时的被动语态构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+be+及物动词的过去分词Anewhospitalw
2、illbebuiltinourcity.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.6现在进行时的被动语态构成：am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词MybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow.Treesarebeingplantedovertherebythem.7. 不定式的被动语态：to+be+及物动词的过去分词TherearetwobookstobereadTherearetwentymoretrees
3、tobeplanted.三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1. 不及物动词无被动语态。Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.Thisnewbooksellswell.2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。Thispenwriteswell.3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。例：makesomebodydosomethingsomebody+be+madetodosomethingseesomebodydosomethingsomebody+be+seentodosomethi
4、ngAgirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。Hegavemeabook.Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。Wecantlaughhim.Hecantbelaughbyus.Hel
5、istenstotheradioeveryday.Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.各种时态的被动形式(1) 一般现在时：am,is,are+done(2) 一般过去时：was,were+done(3) 情态动词：can/could/may/must/shouldbe+done(4) 一般将来时：willbe/begoingtobe+done(5) 进行时：am,is,are,was,werebeing+done(6)
6、 完成时：have/hasbeen+done1. She(tell)thegoodnewsassoonasitarrived.3. Thebook(write)bytheyounggirl.8. Anewbuilding(build)atourschoolnow.9. Anearthquake(takeplace)whenpeople(sleep)atmidnight.同义转换1.Hesentane-mailtomelastweek.Ane-mailmelastweek.2. Youshouldwatertheflowerseveryday.Theflowerseveryday.3. Mypa
7、rentsgavemetenminutestomakeadecision.tenminutestomakeadecision.4. Someonesawhergoupstairslastnight.Shegoupstairslastnight.5. Youmustputawayyourbooks.Yourbooksaway.6. FatherwillbuymeanewcomputerifIgetbettergrades.AnewcomputermeifIgetbettergrades.8.Sheistakingcareofthesickpeople.Thesickpeoplebyher.9.DoyouknowtheboywhosenameisJack?DoyouknowtheboyJack/Jack?10. Theboxleftonthetrainhasbeenreported.TheTVStationtheboxont
