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1、掌握本课重点词掌握本课重点词掌握灾难类常用表达方法掌握灾难类常用表达方法学习本课课文学习本课课文学习定语从句学习定语从句earthquake (n)地震地震quake-tremble-shake-shock震动震动-颤动颤动-摇摇动动-震惊震惊crack (n; vt, vi)裂缝，震裂裂缝，震裂smelly (a) -smell (v)发臭的发臭的-闻闻farmyard (n)农场，农家农场，农家pipe (n)管道管道burst (vi, n)爆发爆发,突然破裂突然破裂burst in/into突然进入突然进入burst out冒出冒出burstexplore-erupt炸开炸开爆炸爆炸-
2、爆爆发发million-billion百万百万-十亿十亿event (n)事件，事变事件，事变event-affair-thing常考完型常考完型大事大事-繁杂的事繁杂的事物物-事情统称事情统称as if= as though好像（分清虚拟与好像（分清虚拟与非虚拟非虚拟)at an end=finished结束，终结结束，终结at the end of在在结束时结束时by the end of到到结束时结束时in the end最后最后nation (n)国家，民族国家，民族nation-country-state民族民族-国家国家-政权政权canal (n)运河运河steam (n)蒸汽，蒸
3、汽，dirt (n) dirty (a)污垢，泥土污垢，泥土-脏的脏的ruin (n; vt)废墟废墟;毁灭毁灭;使破产使破产in ruins倒塌，破败不堪倒塌，破败不堪lead to sbs ruin使某人破产，身使某人破产，身败名裂败名裂fall into ruin衰落衰落suffering c (a)困难困难,痛苦痛苦sufferings u苦难的事情苦难的事情suffer from遭受遭受(无被动无被动)extreme (a)极度的极度的extremely (ad)极度地极度地injure (vt)损害，伤害损害，伤害injure-hurt-wound-harm身体身体-精神精神/身身
4、体体-伤口伤口-伤害伤害survival (n)-survivor幸存幸存u幸存幸存者者csurvive (vt) (vi)逃生；幸存逃生；幸存destroy (vt)彻底毁坏彻底毁坏destroy-damage-ruin毁灭毁灭-毁坏毁坏-对对希望的破坏希望的破坏destruction (n)毁灭毁灭brick-block砖砖块块dam (n)大坝大坝track （n）轨道轨道,足迹足迹,痕迹痕迹back on track重新步入正轨重新步入正轨keep track of掌握掌握线索线索lose track of与与失去联系失去联系useless (a)无用的无用的shock (n, vt,
5、 vi)休克休克,(使使)震惊震惊,Sb be shocked at某人对某人对感到震惊感到震惊shocking (a)震惊的震惊的rescue (n; vt)营救营救rescuers=rescue men救援人员救援人员come / go to ones rescue来挽救某人来挽救某人rescue team 救援队救援队disaster (n)灾难，灾祸灾难，灾祸trap (n；vt)(使使)陷阱，困陷阱，困境境trap-track-trick陷阱陷阱-轨迹轨迹-诡诡计计be trapped in.陷入陷入之中之中dig out 挖掘挖掘,发现发现digital (a)数字的数字的,数码的
6、数码的bury (vt)埋葬埋葬,掩埋掩埋,隐隐藏藏bury oneself in沉浸于沉浸于Sb be buried in沉浸于沉浸于mine (n)矿，矿山矿，矿山miner矿工矿工shelter (n,vt)避难所避难所,遮掩遮掩a bus shelter公共汽车亭公共汽车亭shelter sb from把某人从把某人从.庇庇护护under the shelter of在在庇护下庇护下give sb shelter给某人庇护给某人庇护a great number of大量的大量的title (n)文章标题，头衔文章标题，头衔headline (n)新闻标题新闻标题reporter (n)
7、记者记者bar (n)条，棒，条状物条，棒，条状物a bar of chocolate一块巧克力一块巧克力damage (n,vt)损失，损害损失，损害frighten (vt)=scare使惊吓；吓唬使惊吓；吓唬frightening=scaring让人害怕的让人害怕的frightened=scared某人对某人对恐惧恐惧Sb be afraid=sb fear1某人担心，某人担心，2恐怕恐怕congratulations !恭喜恭喜judge (n, vt)法官，审批法官，审批,判决判决judging by/from(无无ed)由由判断判断Judging by his account, h
8、e comes from Henan从口音判断，他来从口音判断，他来自河南自河南(独立结构独立结构)sincerely (ad)真诚地，诚挚真诚地，诚挚sincere (a)真诚的真诚的express (vt,n)表示，表达；表示，表达；快车，快递快车，快递outline (n) 大纲，要点大纲，要点cyclist (n)骑自行车的人骑自行车的人rise (vt, vi)抬高，养育；抬高，养育；升起，价格水升起，价格水位上升位上升tooto肯定用法肯定用法非常想非常想做做wonder (vt)疑惑，怀疑疑惑，怀疑reach (vt,vi)常见意思总结常见意思总结last (vt)持续持续be
9、proud of为为而自豪而自豪give out发出光，热等发出光，热等;公布，分发公布，分发Unit 4 Earthquake 1.rise (rise、rose、risen )2. vi. (指日月星辰烟等的指日月星辰烟等的)升起，水位价格温度的上升升起，水位价格温度的上升 =go up ; 起身起身=get up n.增加增加 增长增长 起伏起伏=increaseraise vt. 抬高抬高 提高提高 养育养育 饲养（有被动）饲养（有被动）1. The sun rises in the east. 2. He rose from his chair and began his speec
10、h.3. There has been a sharp rise in the number of people out of work.7. His job is raising chickens. 8. They _ their arms and waved to us with joy. A rose B raised B4. Prices continue to rise.6.The price of the tomatoes has been _ recently.raised5.Her temperature is still_.risingsmelly : smell+ y =
11、adj. smell n./v (smelt/ smelled)2. A _ gas came _ _ the cracks.smellyout of health wealth 裂缝里冒出臭气。扩展: n.+y构成形容词 blood- mud- sun- cloud- rain- wind- taste- dream- ice- greed- fat- fog-3. burst vi.vt. (burst-burst-burst) 使某物爆炸，胀破，爆破, 破裂burst in/into a door/ room /building 突然进入门/房间/大楼1. 他没有敲门就突然进入房间.He
12、 burst into the room without knocking at the door.The plane crashed and burst into flames.2.飞机坠毁起火了.All of them burst out laughing/crying /singing.3. 他们全都突然笑起来/哭起来/唱起来.=All of them burst into laughter/tears/songs.burst into sth. = burst out doing 突然起来burst out +v-ing :suddenly begin doing sth扩展扩展: b
13、urst into leafburs into flower长出叶子长出叶子开花开花n. a burst of .一阵一阵. a burst of laughter /thunder /applause(欢呼）欢呼）4. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.think little of these events 对这些情况几乎没有怎么对这些情况几乎没有怎么去考虑、没当一回事去考虑、没当一回事think little
14、 of think nothing of think badly/poorly /ill of think well/much / highly/a lot/ a great deal of 对对看法不好，评价很低看法不好，评价很低不不重视，忽视重视，忽视认为没什么认为没什么对对重视重视/高度评价高度评价1.校长对你的进步评价很高校长对你的进步评价很高。The headmaster thought highly of your progress.think of 想起，考虑想起，考虑5. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。世界似
15、乎到了末日。as if = as though 好像好像 引出方式状语从句引出方式状语从句 She spoke to me as if she knew me. 她她和我说话的神情，好像她早就认识我和我说话的神情，好像她早就认识我 似的。似的。 as if 在表语从句中相当于在表语从句中相当于that: It seemed as if/that the meeting would never end. 看看起来会议没完没了。起来会议没完没了。1)虚拟语气（说话者主观想象或夸大的比喻）虚拟语气（说话者主观想象或夸大的比喻）2)陈述语气陈述语气,时态一致时态一致When a pencil is p
16、artly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken 当铅笔一部分放进水里，看起来好像折断了似的。当铅笔一部分放进水里，看起来好像折断了似的。(虚拟虚拟) It looks as if its going to rain 看样子天要下雨了。看样子天要下雨了。(陈述语气陈述语气)（是事实或可能性很大是事实或可能性很大）as if 后的从句可用两种语气后的从句可用两种语气6. at an end= finished 结束，终结（作表语）结束，终结（作表语） We were very happy when the work was at a
17、n end.Compare: at the end of by the end of in the endat the end of “在在尽头；在尽头；在末末” by the end of “到到/截止截止末末”；主句一般用完成时主句一般用完成时in the end 意思意思“最后、终于最后、终于”= at last/ finally 1. Wash your hands _ the experiment.at the end of2. How many English words had you learned _ last term?by the end of3. He tried va
18、rious jobs and_ became a teacher.in the endbring/put an end to 使终止使终止come to an end. 结束结束end up with 以以.而告终而告终其他词组：其他词组：The job came to an end last month.Her sudden arrival put an end to their meeting.她的忽然来到使他们的会议终止了。At the dinner we usually begin with soup and end up with fruit.在宴会上，开始的一道菜通常是汤，最后的一
19、道是水果。7.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。 lie( lay lain) 处于某种状态;躺，平躺，平卧 平放1.The whole factory has lain waste for many years.整个工厂多年来一直荒芜在那里。2. He let the farm go to ruin.他让农场败落了。go to ruin = fall into ruin 衰落衰落, 败落败落lie/be in ruins 成为废墟成为废墟in ruins 荒芜的荒芜的
20、,成为废墟成为废墟,一般用作表语或状语一般用作表语或状语An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.His career is in ruins .1.The city _ (成为废墟）成为废墟）after the war.lay/was in ruins口诀口诀:规则的规则的“撒谎撒谎”，不规则，不规则的的“躺躺”，躺过，躺过就就“下蛋下蛋”。 (lie当当“说谎说谎”用，它的过去式用，它的过去式和过去分词都为和过去分词都为lied，而当，而当“躺躺”用时，它的过用时，它的过去式为去式为“下蛋下蛋”即即lay) 中文中文 原形原形过过 去去 式式过去
21、过去分分词词现在现在分分词词说明说明放置放置产产卵卵laylaidlaidlaying及物动及物动词词躺躺;位于位于lielaylainlying不及物不及物动词动词说谎说谎 lieliedliedlying不及物不及物动词动词8分数的表示法分数的表示法分子分母基数词序数词分子大于一，分母用复数分子大于一，分母用复数三分之一三分之一one- third五分之三五分之三 three-fifthstwo and three-fifths ? a quarter ？ Two thirds of the land is covered by forest.2. One fifth of the stu
22、dents in this class are girls1. 三分之二的陆地为森林所覆盖三分之二的陆地为森林所覆盖这个班里五分之一的学生是女生这个班里五分之一的学生是女生3.More than 61% of the surface of the earth _ covered by water.4. Seventy percent of the workers in this factory _ young.isare口头翻译口头翻译:李平的弟弟年纪太小而不能参军。李平的弟弟年纪太小而不能参军。Li Pings brother is too young to join the army.=L
23、i Pings brother is not old enough to join .听到这个消息他紧张地说不出话来。听到这个消息他紧张地说不出话来。Hearing the good news,he was too nervous to speak. In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.9.tooto 太太以至于不能以至于不能 (表否定表否定)“tooto”结构之前带有结构之前带有only,but,never,not,时，时，是强调是强调肯定肯定的表示法，译作的表示法，译作“非常非常”“
24、十分十分”“实在实在”真是太真是太”等等I am only too happy to teach you.我我非常高兴教你们。非常高兴教你们。He is but too glad to do so他他非常喜欢这样做非常喜欢这样做You can never be too old to enjoy a song.我们绝对不会老得不能享受歌曲带来的欢乐我们绝对不会老得不能享受歌曲带来的欢乐Tooto. 结构中带有表示结构中带有表示心情心情或或描绘性描绘性的的adj/adv时也表达肯定含义时也表达肯定含义Eg. ready, eager, satisfied, kind, willing, anxio
25、us etcShe is too ready to help other.他乐于助人。他乐于助人。I am too eager to have a world trip.我很想去环球旅行我很想去环球旅行10. hurt injure wound 指肉体上，也可指精神上的指肉体上，也可指精神上的伤害也可指伤害也可指“疼痛，痛苦疼痛，痛苦”指由于意外或事故而受伤指由于意外或事故而受伤指外伤，如枪伤指外伤，如枪伤,刀伤刀伤,剑伤剑伤,尤指在战斗中受伤尤指在战斗中受伤1.He fell off the bicycle and his 2. arm.3. My knees and my feet hur
26、t too.injuredhurtHis words _her feelings.It _the eyes to read in the sun.More than 200 people were _in the car accident.The soldiers were _-in the battle.hurthurtsinjuredwounded11.shock n.震惊震惊 打击打击 His sudden death was a great shock to his family.shock vt. 使震惊使震惊 使震动使震动shock 震惊的用法People _ (shock).我们
27、对这个消息感到震惊。were shockedWe _ the news.were shocked at The news is _(shock)shocking 表示情感的动词 excite, surprise, interest, bore, move, shock, disappoint, satisfy,(惊讶，兴趣，乏味，感动， 失望 ，满意）变为形容词时可加ing(指物）或加ed (指人）考点考点 last在此句中意为在此句中意为“持续，延续持续，延续”。可单独使用，也可后接可单独使用，也可后接for +一段时间一段时间（for可以省略）。可以省略）。The meeting _(持续
28、）持续）two hours. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. 12. last 持续lastedIt is no wonder (that )= No wonder (that)，难怪，怪不得13.People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.wonder vt. 想知道，对-感到怀疑Wonder +wh从句Wonder +if/whetherShe wondered what the child was doing.-Tom often work
29、s deep into the night every day.-No wonder he always gets first in the examinations.14. rescue n. 搭救；解救搭救；解救;营救营救The rescue team reached the mines at once after the accident happened.v. 解救；救出；营救解救；救出；营救He rescued the man from drowning.rescue workers = rescuers n.rescue team救援队come / go to ones rescu
30、e来援救某人We _ （来救他）and pulled him out of the lake.came to his rescue15. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400 000.伤亡的人数达到400 000.He sent his son to join the army as soon as he reached 18.Your letter of August 24 only reached me today.Weve got to reach an agreement about
31、this question.The boy wasnt tall enough to reach the branches.The park reaches as far as the river.达到达到(指某种数目指某种数目)抵达抵达,传到传到达成达成(协议协议)得出得出(结论结论)伸手够到伸手够到(某物某物)vi.延伸延伸某地发生地震的表达法：Another big quake ,which is as strong as the first one _Tangshan.shook2008年5月12日下午2点28分四川发生了大地震。A big earthquake _Sichuan _2
32、:28 _ May12,2008. shook / hitaton16. shake - shook - shaken 摇动 ,震动,颤动shake sbs hand /shake hands with sb 握手握手 shake ones head摇头摇头 shake with anger气得发抖气得发抖 不是所有希望都破灭了。不是所有希望都破灭了。allnot = not all该句为部分否定该句为部分否定 表示全部否定：表示全部否定： no one, none, nobody, nothing, notany, 以及以及“no+名词名词” 17. All hope was not los
33、t.= Not all hope was lost.不是所有的孩子都被留下了。不是所有的孩子都被留下了。不是所有的孩子都吵闹。不是所有的孩子都吵闹。Not all the children are left.(= Only some of them left early.)Not all the children are noisy.(= Some of the children are not noisy.) All the students do not agree to the plan.= Not all the students agree to the plan.18. buryv
34、t. 埋葬埋葬; 葬葬 The boy buried the dead bird in the backyard. 男孩们把死鸟埋在后院。男孩们把死鸟埋在后院。vt. 使沉浸（或专心于）使沉浸（或专心于） be buried in= bury oneself in埋头于埋头于; 专专心于心于 be buried in thought 沉思沉思bury oneself in study 埋头研究；专心学习埋头研究；专心学习19. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 people were rescued from the coal mines
35、.To the north ofrescuedto/ on/ in1.Japan is _ the east of China.2.Taiwan is _ the southeast of China.3. Mongolia is _ the north of China.toinon/to20.Tens of thousands of cows never give milk again数以万计的奶牛再也不产奶了数以万计的奶牛再也不产奶了 tens of thousands of 数以万计的数以万计的 hundreds and hundreds of 成百上千的成百上千的 hundreds
36、of thousands 数以十万计的数以十万计的 thousands of 数千计的数千计的 millions of 数百万计的数百万计的 scores of 许许多多的许许多多的 dozens of 许多，大量许多，大量 22.表示许多的短语及用法表示许多的短语及用法只接可数名词的有：只接可数名词的有：a large/great number of a good/great many a good/great many of the/these/those/ones只接不可数名词的有：只接不可数名词的有：a great deal of a large amount of既可接可数名词又既可
37、接可数名词又可接不可数名词的有：可接不可数名词的有： a lot of lots of plenty of a large/great quantity of Unit 4 Earthquake Reading Language pointsStrange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well wall
38、s had deep(deeply是什么意思?) cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chicken and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide(为何是looking?什么作用?详见难句分析1). Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am on July 28
39、, 1976(时间的写法), some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes cloud be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events(什
40、么从句?去掉影响理解吗?), were asleep as usual that night. At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end(是虚拟语气吗?详见难句分析2). Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun(瞬间动词是可以用于完成时的). It was felt in Beijing, which is more than tw
41、o hundred kilometers away. one-third of the nation(复习分数的一致问题) felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long the thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals(请分析此句的主句). Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large
42、 city lay in ruins(变成废墟). The suffering of the people was extreme(这个词用的太好了). Two-thirds of them died or were injured(注意die 与be injured的用法)during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more
43、 than 400,000.But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere (相当于wherever,详见难句分析3)they looked nearly everything was destroyed. All of the citys hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone(注意go的积累). Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No
44、wind, however, (注意however的位置)could blow them away(吹走). Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel(注意量词的修饰）. Tens of thousands of cows(好几万头奶牛)would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chic
45、kens were dead. Sand now filled the wells (fill sth充满; be filled with用充满) instead of water. People were shocked. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. More buildin
46、gs fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.All hope was not lost(部分否定,详见难句分析4). Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers (send sb to). Hundreds of thousands of people were he
47、lped. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped(注意定语从句中的被动) and to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. (定语从句whose能指代什么,详见难句分析5). Fresh water wa
48、s taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。句子分析：句子分析：句中的looking是现在分词作伴随状语。现在分词作伴随状语时，表示分词动作与句子的主语之间是主动关系，且与谓语动词同时发生，多数情况下可改为“and并列谓语动词”。Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to
49、 hide.=Mice ran out the field and looked for places to hide仿写：仿写： (1) 她躺在床上，整夜未眠，回想着当天发生的事情。_(2) 他顿时泪水夺眶而出，冲出门外寻求帮助。(burst, rush out )_ She lay awake all night, recalling the events of the day.He burst into tears, rushing out of the door to seek help.2. It seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界
50、末日！句子分析：句子分析：It seemed as if/that.似乎；好像。根据从句所说情况是可能的还是假设的，而采用陈述或虚拟语气。这相当于seem to do sth.。如：It seems that he is quite happy.= He seems to be quite happy. 他看起来好像很开心。仿写：仿写： (1) 我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生一样。_(2) 现在仿佛已经是春天了。It seems as if _ already. It always seemed as if everything in my childhood had just happened.
51、it were spring at an end 结束，终结（= finished）The war was finally at an end. 战争终于结束了。小练：小练：用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空。(1) How many English words have you learned _ last term?(2) He became an outstanding doctor _.(3) My uncle will fly to China _ this year.短语归纳：短语归纳： at the end of 在末尾 by
52、 the end of 在时为止in the end 最后，终于by the end of in the end at the end of 3. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. 人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。句子分析：句子分析：句型everywhere 无论哪里，都。在句中引导一个状语从句，相当于wherever。仿写：仿写： (1) 无论他走到哪儿，他的狗就跟到哪儿。_(2) 持有专用火车票，就可以到欧洲你喜欢的任何地方去旅游。With a special train ticket you can
53、travel _.Everywhere he goes, his dog follows him. everywhere you like 4. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。句子分析：句子分析：此句为部分否定。all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, complete, completely, always, all the time, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether 等代词、形容词和副词与否定词 not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都、并非都”的意思。仿写：仿写：
54、 (1) 发光的并不一定都是金子。_(2) 他并非每件事情都做得很顺利，但他还是尽力做好。_All that glitters is not gold. Though not everything went well with him，he tried to do well.5. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 工人们为那些家园遭到破坏的幸存者建了住所。 句子分析：句子分析：whose homes had been destroyed是定语从句。关系代词whose引导定语从句时，whose
55、在从句中充当定语whose指人，也可指物，表示“的”的意思，一般前后有所属关系，经常可以改成the +n +of which/who。仿写：仿写： (1) 当心，别靠近那座房子，天花板正在维修。Look out! Dont get too close to the house _.(2) 这本书是为母语为非英语的学生写的。_whose roof is under repairs.(划线部分可以相当于the roof of which) This book is for the students whose native language is not English. (画线部分可以相当于“，”the native language of who)Thank you! Bye-bye!
