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1、Stress and health psychologyliudexiangOverview vSource of stressvCoping with stressvHow stress affects health vStaying healthyvExtreme stressStress vStress: A state of psychological tension or strain. vHealth psychology: A subfield of psychology concerned with the relationship between psychological
2、factors and physical health and illness. Sources of stressvStressor: Any environmental demand that creats a state of tension or threat and requires change or adaptation. Sources of stressvChange vEveryday hasslesvSelf-imposed stressvStress and individual differencesEveryday hasslesvPressure: A feeli
3、ng that one must speed up, intensify, or change the direction of ones behavior or live up to a higher standard of performance. vFrustration: The feeling that occurs when a person is prevented from reaching a goal.Everyday hasslesvConflict: Simultaneous existence of incompatible demands, opportunitie
4、s, needs, or goals. Types of conflictvApproach/approach conflictvAvoidance/avoidance conflictvApproach/avoidance conflictApproach/approach conflictvApproach/approach conflict : According to Lewin, the result of simultaneous attraction to two appealing possibilities, neither of which has any negative
5、 qualities.Avoidance/avoidance conflictvAvoidance/avoidance conflict: According to Lewin, the result of facing a choice between two undesirable possiblities, neither of which has any positive qualities.Approach/avoidance conflictvApproach/avoidance conflict: According to Lewin, the result of being s
6、imultaneously attracted to and repelled by the same goal.Coping with stressvDirect coping vDefensive copingDirect copingvConfrontation: Acknowledging a stressful situation directly and attempting to find a solution to the problem or to attain the difficult goal. Direct copingvCompromise: deciding on
7、 a more realistic solution or goal when an ideal solution or goal is not practical. vWithdrawal: Avoiding a situation when other forms of coping are not practical. Defensive copingvDefense mechanisms: Self-deceptive techniques for reducing stress, including denial, repression, projection, identifica
8、tion, regression, intellectualization, reaction formation, displacement, and sublimation. Defense mechanismsvDenial: Refusal to acknowledge a painful or threatening reality. vRepression: Excluding uncomfortable thoughts, feelings, and desires from consciousness.vProjection: Attributing ones represse
9、d motives, feelings, or wishes to others. Defense mechanismsvIdentification: Taking on the characteristics of someone else to avoid feeling incompetent. vRegression: Reverting to childlike behavior and defenses. vIntellectualization: Thinking abstractly about stressful problems as a way of detaching
10、 oneself from them. Defense mechanismsvReaction formation: Expression of exaggerated ideas and emotions that are the opposite of ones repressed beliefs or feelings. vDisplacement: Shifting repressed motives and emotions from an orginal object to a substitute object. vSublimation: Redirection repress
11、ed motives and feelings into more socially acceptable channels. Staying healthyvReduce stressvAdopt a healthy lifestyleReduce stressvCalm down vReach out vReligion and altruismvLearn to cope effectively Adopt a healthy lifestylevDiet vExercisevQuit smoking vAvoid high risk behaviors Extreme stress vUnemployment vDivorce and separationvBereavementvCatastrophesvCombat and other threatening personal attacksPosttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)vPsychological disorder characterized by episodes of anxiety, sleeplessness, and nightmares resulting from some disturbing past event. The end
