动词的时态和语态

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1、EnglishBasicTenses(时态时态)2021/6/41An apple a day, keep the doctor away. Eatinganappleeverydayisbeneficialtoourhealth.2021/6/42我我昨天昨天吃吃了一个苹果。了一个苹果。我我每天每天都都吃吃一个苹果。一个苹果。我我现在现在正在正在吃吃苹果。苹果。我我明天明天要要吃吃一个苹果。一个苹果。汉语借助汉语借助词汇手段词汇手段而非而非词的形词的形式变化式变化来表示动作的发生来表示动作的发生2021/6/43I ate an apple yesterday.I eat an apple

2、every day.I am eating an apple now.I will eat an apple tomorrow.或或I am going to eat an apple tomorrow.而英语通过而英语通过谓语动词的变化谓语动词的变化来来表现动作的发生。任何句子都表现动作的发生。任何句子都要先要先注意时态注意时态。2021/6/44一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去将来时一般时态一般时态进行时态进行时态完成时态完成时态常见的八种时态常见的八种时态2021/6

3、/45(1)Ioftenlistentomusicafterclass.(2)Heplaysbasketballeveryday.(3)Hedoesntlikeheratall.(4)DoyoulikeEnglish?/No,Idont.(5)Themoonmovesaroundthesun.1.表示表示经常性或反复性发生经常性或反复性发生的动作的动作或或存在的状态存在的状态。2.表示表示客观事实或真理客观事实或真理。结构：结构：主语主语+动词原形动词原形/三单三单形式形式2021/6/46一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时常用的标志词：一般现在时常用的标志词：1.everyday/week/mo

4、nth/year2.alwaysusuallyoftensometimesnever3.onceaweektwiceamonth2021/6/47I _(study) hard every day and I _(get) along well with my classmates, but sometimes I _(miss) my families. My headteacher _(like) us very much, but she _(be) strict with us. studygetmisslikesis2021/6/48(1)Wewenttothezoolastweek

5、.(2)HewasinShanghailastyear.(3)Ididnteatanappleyesterday.(4)Didyoufinishyourhomeworklastnight?表示表示过去某个时间发生过去某个时间发生的动作或存的动作或存在的状态。在的状态。结构：结构：主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2021/6/49一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时常用的标志词有：一般过去时常用的标志词有：1.yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,2.lastweek/month/year3.justnow4.twodaysago2021/6/410I _ (spend) my

6、 childhood happily with my old friends. We always _(play) football and basketball together and we _ (not) have so much homework to do as now. We _ (be) happy at that time. spentplayeddidntwere2021/6/411(1)IwillgotoShanghaiwithmyparentsnextmonth.(2)Hewillbebackintenminutes.(3)Willyoueatanappletomorro

7、w?(4)Iwonteatanappletomorrow.(3)Iamgoingtobeabasketballplayer.(4)Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.1.表示表示将要发生的将要发生的的动作或存在的状态。的动作或存在的状态。2.表示表示计划或者打算要做的事或有迹象要计划或者打算要做的事或有迹象要发生某事发生某事。结构：主语结构：主语+will/shall+动词原形动词原形主语主语+begoingto+动词原形动词原形2021/6/412一般将来时常用的标志词有：一般将来时常用的标志词有：1.tomorrow,thedayaftertomorro

8、w2.nextweek/month/year/day3.in短语短语:inthreeminutes4.soon,rightaway,atonce2021/6/413(1)Imdoingmyhomework.(2)Listen,sheisplayingthepiano.(3)Look,theyareplayingping-pong.(4)Iamnoteatinganapplenow.(5)Ishesleepingnow?表示现在正在进行或发生的动作表示现在正在进行或发生的动作结构：结构：主语主语+am/is/are+现在分词（现在分词（v-ing）2021/6/414现在进行时常用的标志词有：现

9、在进行时常用的标志词有：nowlooklisten2021/6/415过去进行时过去进行时2021/6/416过去进行时的用法：过去进行时的用法：表示表示过去某个时间正在发生过去某个时间正在发生的动的动作或存在的状态。作或存在的状态。1.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.2.Shewassleepingat9oclockyesterday.结构结构:主语主语+was/were+现在分词现在分词(v-ing)2021/6/417过去进行时常用的标志词过去进行时常用的标志词1.atthistimeyesterdayatthat/thistime2.at9

10、oclocklastnightfrom7:00to9:00yesterday2021/6/4181.YouhavelearnedEnglishfor8years.2.IhavelivedinWuzhoufor13years.3.Ihaveeatenanapplesinceheleft.4.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?5.Ihaventfinishedmyhomeworkyet.6.Hehaseatenbreakfastalready.1.现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态续到现在的动作或状态2.表示发生在

11、过去的某一动作表示发生在过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响对现在造成的影响或结果或结果结构结构:主语主语+have/has+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词2021/6/419现在完成时常用的标志词现在完成时常用的标志词(1)for+时间段时间段fortwoyears(2)since+时间点时间点sincetwoyearsago;(3)alreadyyet;evernever(4)overtheyears,inthelast/pastfewyears,sincethen,sofar(5)Since引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句.Sincehecamehere.2021/6/420 概念：表示过去

12、的过去概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|-过去之前过去之前 过去现在将来过去现在将来I _ (graduate) from Junior Middle School in July 2016. I _ (stay) there for 3 years when I graduated.graduatedhadstayed2021/6/421过去完成时过去完成时2021/6/422过去完成时的用法：过去完成时的用法： 表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。或完成的动作。 它表示动作的发生时间是它表示动作的发生时间是“过去的过去过去的过去”。 By the

13、 time I got outside, the bus had already left. When I got to school, the bell had rung.结构结构:主语主语+had+过去分词过去分词 概念：表示过去的过去概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|-过去之前过去之前 过去现在将来过去现在将来2021/6/423过去完成时常用的标志词过去完成时常用的标志词1when/before+一般过去时或过去的时间一般过去时或过去的时间2.bythetime,bytheendof+一般过去时一般过去时或过去的时间或过去的时间2021/6/424When the police arri

14、ved, the thieves _(run away).When I came into the classroom, my dear students _ (begin) reading. hadrunawayhadbegun2021/6/425过去将来时过去将来时2021/6/426过去将来时的意义：过去将来时的意义： 过去将来时表示从过去某个时间过去将来时表示从过去某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去过去将来时常用在宾语从句中。将来时常用在宾语从句中。ItoldhimthatIwouldseehimoffatthestation.Hesaidtheywer

15、egoingtohaveameeting.结构结构:(1)would+动词原形动词原形(2)was/weregoingto+动词原形动词原形2021/6/427一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般将来时一般将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去将来时Sumup时态结构时态结构主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式主语主语+动词原形或单三形式动词原形或单三形式will/shall+动词原形动词原形am/is/are+现在分词现在分词was/were+现在分词现在分词have/has+过去分词过去分词had+过去分词过去分词would+

16、动词原形动词原形2021/6/428一般现在时一般现在时:have/has一般过去时一般过去时:had一般将来时一般将来时:willhave/begoingtohave过去将来时过去将来时:wouldhave2021/6/429现在进行时现在进行时:am/is/arehaving过去进行时过去进行时:was/werehaving现在完成时现在完成时:have/hashad过去完成时过去完成时:had+had2021/6/430 Jenny _(be) a foreign girl. She _(come) from the United States. Look! She _(draw) pi

17、ctures in the living-room. Two years ago, her parents _ (move) to China. Jenny _(not have) any friends, so she _(use) to feel lonely. But now she _(have) many Chinese friends and _(study) with them every day. Jenny _(visit) her grandparents in America next month.iscomes isdrawingmoveddidnthaveusedha

18、sstudieswillvisit2021/6/431高考链接高考链接（1）Thiscycle_(go)dayafterday.Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandthusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.（2015年广西高考）年广西高考）（2）Confucius（孔子）（孔子）believedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand_(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.（2016年广西高考）年广西高

19、考）goeswere2021/6/432Sarahsays,MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school_(come)first.（2017年年广西高考）广西高考）comes2021/6/433WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofindthemalive.Truetoagorillasunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal_(mean)menorealharm.(2018年广西高考）年广西高考）meant2021/6/434（1）T

20、onywasscaredandbeguntocry.Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.（2015年广西高考）年广西高考）（2）However,myparentsdidntseemtothinkso.Theyalwaystellmewhattodoandhowtodoit.IshowedthemIwasindependent.（2016年广西高考）年广西高考）_began_told_told2021/6/435Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically,butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears

21、.（2017年广西高考）年广西高考）_have2021/6/436Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastaken,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.（2017年广西高年广西高考）考）_became2021/6/437ItwasMondaymorning,andthewritingclasshadjustbegin.Atthatmoment,Irememberedthatmyfatheroncesaid,“Theclassroomisaplaceforlearni

22、ngandthatincludeleaningfromtextbooks,andmistakesaswell.“（2018年广西高考）年广西高考）_begun_includes2021/6/438动词的语态动词的语态2021/6/439语态是英语动词的一种形式语态是英语动词的一种形式,用来说明用来说明主语主语和和谓谓语动词语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态之间的关系。英语有两种语态:主动语态主动语态和和被动语态被动语态。主动语态：表示主动语态：表示主语是谓语动词主语是谓语动词动作的动作的执行者执行者。被动语态：表示被动语态：表示主语是谓语动词主语是谓语动词动作的动作的承受者承受者。2021/6/

23、440Ihitmysonsyesterday.Mysonswerehitbymeyesterday.2021/6/441（1）Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主语主语(执行者执行者)谓语谓语宾语宾语(承受者承受者)I(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.主语主语(承受者承受者)谓语谓语宾语宾语(执行者执行者)wasinvited2021/6/442Exercise:1.Laborcreatedman.Manbylabor.2.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoesbytheminthatfactory.was creat

24、ed are made2021/6/443被动语态的谓语结构形式被动语态的谓语结构形式:be+doneask cook make give -beaskedbecookedbemadebegiven2021/6/444英语中有一种动词是由两个或两个英语中有一种动词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的，统称为以上的单词构成的，统称为“短语短语动词动词”。有些短语动词在意义上相。有些短语动词在意义上相当于一个及物动词，从而也有主动当于一个及物动词，从而也有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。语态和被动语态两种形式。2021/6/445bringup教育教育;抚养抚养_calloff取消取消_giveup放弃放弃

25、_leaveout省略省略_lookinto调查调查_makeup编造编造_putoff推迟推迟_turndown拒绝拒绝_bebroughtupbecalledoffbegivenupbeleftoutbelookedintobemadeupbeputoffbeturneddown2021/6/4462021/6/447This song _( sing ) by us on Mondays .is sung结构结构: am/is are donesing sang sung 唱唱2021/6/448The famous poem _(write) by Xu Zhimo .was writ

26、ten结构结构: was/were donewrite wrote written 写写2021/6/449send to right nowThey_(send)tohospitalrightnow.will be sent 结构结构:will be donesend sent sent 送送2021/6/450alecturegivesoonAlecture_(give)soon.will be given结构结构:will be donegive gave given 给给2021/6/451They are going to hold an evening party tomorrow

27、.An evening party _tomorrow.begoingto+be+过去分词过去分词is going to be held2021/6/452Hesaidtheworkerswouldbuildanewschoolintwoweeks.He said a new school would be built in two weeks.过去将来时的被动构成：过去将来时的被动构成：would+be+过去分词过去分词2021/6/453dig掘（土）掘（土）earth土土Theearth_(dig)now.is being dug结构结构:am/is/are being donedig

28、dug dug 掘（土）掘（土）2021/6/454Aparty_(hold)now.is being held结构结构:am/is/are being donehold held held 举行举行2021/6/455Miss Hu told me that the cat _(wash) when I called her .was being washed结构结构:was/were being done2021/6/456Most of the apple _(eat)up by the mouse .has been eaten结构结构: has/have been doneeat a

29、te eaten 吃吃2021/6/457Many trees _(cut) down by Guangtouqiang recently.have been cut结构结构: have/has been donecut cut cut2021/6/458I found that the shop _ (break) into. (破门而入破门而入)had been broken 结构结构: had been done2021/6/459The Birds Nest _(build) before the 29th Olympics.the workers _(build) the Birds

30、 Nest.Before the 29th Olympic Games,had builthad been built2021/6/4601.ThissongissungbyusonMondays.2.ThefamouspoemwaswrittenbyXu.3.Theywillbesenttohospitalrightnow.4.Apartyisbeingheldnow.5.MissHutoldmethatthecatwasbeingwashedwhenIcalledher.6.ManytreeshavebeencutdownbyGuangtouqiangrecently.7.Ifoundth

31、attheshophadbeenbrokeninto.8.Hesaidanewschoolwouldbebuiltintwoweeks.2021/6/461总结：被动语态在各种时态中的构成总结：被动语态在各种时态中的构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：一般将来时一般将来时：现在进行时：现在进行时：过去进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时现在完成时：过去完成时：过去完成时：过去将来时：过去将来时：am/is/aredonewas/weredonewillbedoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendon

32、ewouldbedone2021/6/462The baby must _(take) good care of .be taken 结构结构: must be done take- took- taken 2021/6/463He can sing beautiful songs .Beautiful songs can _ (sing)by him .be sungcan be done2021/6/4641.Thebabymust_(take)goodcareof.2.Beautifulsongscan_(sing)byhim.带有情态动词的被动语态带有情态动词的被动语态betakenb

33、esung情态动词情态动词+be+done2021/6/465Sometimeschopsticks（筷子）（筷子）arequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight42._(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.（2016年广西高年广西高考）考）bemade2021/6/466练习：用括号单词的正确形式填空练习：用括号单词的正确形式填空1.Thebridge_(build)lastyear.2.TheOlympicGames_(hold)everyfouryears.3.The2012Olympics_(ho

34、ld)inLondon.4.Theproblem_(discuss)atthemeetingnow.5.Hisnewbook_(publish)nextmonth.6.Alotofnewhighways_(build)inthepast5years.wasbuiltareheldwereheldisbeingdiscussedwillbepublishedhavebeenbuilt2021/6/467时态语态与高考时态语态与高考1.在语法填空中，动词的时态是必考内容。其中在语法填空中，动词的时态是必考内容。其中最有可能考的是最有可能考的是一般过去时或者是第三人称单数一般过去时或者是第三人称单数

35、的一般现在时态的一般现在时态，以及，以及现在完成时、现在完成时、现在进行时现在进行时和一般将来时。如：和一般将来时。如：Evenworse,theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood_(be)fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.（2017卷卷1）I_(change)muchsinceIenteredseniorhighschool.ishavechanged2021/6/468被动语态是可能要考的内容，特

36、别是被动语态是可能要考的内容，特别是一一般现在时般现在时或或一般过去时一般过去时的被动语态。如的被动语态。如:Whenfatandsalt_(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.（2017卷卷1）areremoved2021/6/4692.短文改错最可能考查短文改错最可能考查上下文时态上下文时态不一致不一致，也有可能考，也有可能考被动语态漏掉被动语态漏掉be或或过去分词拼写错误过去分词拼写错误。如：。如：2021/6/4701.Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewith

37、myfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.found2021/6/4712.StillIwasunwillingtoplaythegamesforthemsometimes.IdidntrealizehowrightmyparentsareuntilIenteredhighschool.were2021/6/472ItwasMondaymorning,andthewritingclasshadjustbegin.Atthatmoment,Irememberedthatmyfatheroncesaid,“Theclassroomisap

38、laceforlearningandthatincludeleaningfromtextbooks,andmistakesaswell.“（2018年广西高考）年广西高考）_begun_includes2021/6/473注意：在语法填空中，如括号所给注意：在语法填空中，如括号所给词是动词，可能是词是动词，可能是考时态语态考时态语态，可，可能是考能是考非谓语动词非谓语动词，也可能是，也可能是考词考词类转换类转换，要，要根据句子成分去判断根据句子成分去判断。2021/6/474判断方法判断方法第一步，确定句子是否缺少谓语第一步，确定句子是否缺少谓语如果括号中给出的提示词是动如果括号中给出的提示词

39、是动词，首先要词，首先要分析句子成分分析句子成分。如果句。如果句子子缺少谓语缺少谓语，那么空格处应填谓语，那么空格处应填谓语动词，就要动词，就要考虑使用合适的时态和考虑使用合适的时态和语态语态。2021/6/475第二步，确定时态第二步，确定时态要根据要根据具体的语境具体的语境、时间状语时间状语或或另另一动词的时态一动词的时态来判断用哪种时态。来判断用哪种时态。第三步，确定语态第三步，确定语态语态要根据主语和谓语动词的逻辑关语态要根据主语和谓语动词的逻辑关系确定。主语和谓语动词之间是主动关系系确定。主语和谓语动词之间是主动关系时动词就应用主动语态，是被动关系时就时动词就应用主动语态，是被动关系

40、时就应用被动语态。应用被动语态。第四步，确定主谓一致第四步，确定主谓一致要注意要注意谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致持一致。2021/6/476高考链接高考链接1.Whilerunningregularlycantmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit_(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.（2018全国卷全国卷1）2.DietshavechangedinChina-andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecount

41、ry_(grow)morecornthanrice.（2018全国卷全国卷2）ishasgrown2021/6/477TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005-whenthegovernment_(start)asoil-testingprogramthatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.（2018全国卷全国卷2）started2021/6/478Steamengines_(use

42、)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusingiteveryday.（2017卷卷2）wereused2021/6/479Later,engineers_(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道）隧道）,

43、whichbecameknowntothetube.（2017年卷年卷2）managed2021/6/480Sarah_(tell)thatshecouldbeBritainsnewsupermodelearningamilliondollarsinthenewyear.Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school_(come)first.（2017卷卷3）wastoldcomes2021/6/481Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asiasbiggestbuilding

44、,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop_(attract).（2016卷卷1）attraction2021/6/482Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asiasbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop_(attract).（2016卷卷1）attraction2021/6/483Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-prof

45、itPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.I_(allow）togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.（2016卷卷1）wasallowed2021/6/484Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyoullfeelarealsenseof_(achieve).Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow_(be)oftenacceptable.（2016年卷年卷2）achievementis2021/6

46、/485Itcouldbeanything-gardening,cooking,music,sportsbutwhateveritis,_(make)sureitsarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.（2016卷卷2）make2021/6/486ItwasraininglightlywhenI_(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidntcare.（2015卷卷1）arrived2021/6/487Yangshuo_(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftra

47、velersconductedbythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.is2021/6/488IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructorsorders,butonceIstartedthecar,mymindgoesblank.Iforgotwhathehadsaidtomealtogether.（2017年卷年卷1）_went2021/6/489Besides,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationfromtheinternet.Whe

48、nsummercame,theywillinvitetheirstudentstopickthevegetables！（2017年卷年卷2）_comes2021/6/490WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself,Irealizeofhowfasttimeflies.Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically,butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.（2017卷卷3）_have2021/6/491Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbe

49、comeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.（2017卷卷3）_taken_became2021/6/492Thoughnotverybig,therestaurantispopularinourarea.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.SomePeopleevenhadtowaitoutside.（2016卷卷1）_have2021/6/493Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesandhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.（2016卷卷1）_use

50、d2021/6/494Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakingatrip.Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.Ithoughtthatitisagoodidea.Itdoesnotcostmuch,yetwecanstilllearnalot.（2016卷卷2）_choose_should_thought2021/6/495WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinacity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.Wemustfoundwaystoprotectyourenvironment.（2015卷卷1）_thought_find2021/6/496部分资料从网络收集整理而来，供大家参考，感谢您的关注！